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Attractions along the Carpathians
Subcarpathia / Ukraine

Szentmiklós Castle

Замок «Сент-Міклош» (Чинадіївський)
Szentmiklós Castle
Hungarian:
Beregszentmiklós
Ukrainian:
Чинадійово
Condition:
Turned to a palace
Entrance:
Entrance fee
Address:
вул. Волошина, 53Б, Chynadiiovo, Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukrajna, 89640
Settlement:
Beregszentmiklós, Чинадійово
Historical Hungarian county:
Bereg
Country:
Ukraine
Province:
Закарпатська область
Geographic region:
Latorca Valley
GPS coordinates:
48.484761, 22.831115
Google map:
Google

History

895
Arrival of the Hungarians
Little more...
895
The alliance of the seven Hungarian tribes took possession of the then largely uninhabited Carpathian Basin. Until then, the sparse Slavic population of the north-western Carpathians had lived under Moravian rule for a few decades after the collapse of the Avar Khaganate in the early 9th century.
1000
Foundation of the Hungarian Kingdom
Little more...
1000
The Kingdom of Hungary was established with the coronation of King Stephen I. He converted the Hungarians to Christianity and created two archdioceses (Esztergom and Kalocsa) and ten dioceses. He divided Hungary into counties led by ispáns, who were appointed by the king.
early 13th century
The settlement was owned by Simon, the son-in-low of Ban Bánk.
1214
The castle was confiscated from Simon due to the succesfull attempt on the life of Queen Gertrude of Merania, the wife of King Andrew II of Hungary. Since the king favored the German relatives of Queen Gertrude over the Hungarian nobles, a group of the aristocrats (ispán Peter, Simon of the Kacsics clan and Simon, the son-in-low of nádor Bánk) conspired against her. The assassination was carried out during King Andrew's campaign against Halych. Gertrude was killed on the first suitable occasion during a royal hunt in the Pilis Mountains. Katona József's play and Erkel Ferenc's opera both of the same title (Bánk bán) are based on this story. The children of King Andrew II and Queen Gertrude were King Béla IV and Saint Elisabeth of Hungary, one of the most venerated Hungarian saints.
1241-1242
Mongol Invasion
Little more...
1241-1242
The hordes of the Mongol Empire invaded Hungary and almost completely destroyed it. One third to one half of the population was destroyed. The Mongols also suffered heavy losses in the battle of Muhi and they could not hunt down the king. After their withdrawal, King Béla IV reorganized Hungary. He allowed the feudal lords to build stone castles because they were able to successfully resist the nomadic Mongols. The vast majority of stone castles were built after this. The king called in German, Vlach (Romanian) and Slavic settlers to replace the destroyed population.
late 14th century
The ancestors of the Perényi family owned the settlement.
1403
King Sigismund of Hungary allowed Perényi Imre to build a fortified manor in Szentmiklós. This castle and manor was owned by the Perényi family until 1542.
1526
Battle of Mohács and the splitting of Hungary into two parts
Little more...
1526
Sultan Suleiman I launched a war against Vienna, instigated by the French. Ferdinand I, Duke of Austria, was the brother-in-law of King Louis II of Hungary. The army of the Ottoman Empire defeated the much smaller Hungarian army at Mohács, and King Louis II died in the battle. A group of the barons elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the throne, who promised to defend Hungary from the Turks. He was the younger brother of the most powerful European monarch Emperor Charles V. But the nobility chose the most powerful Hungarian baron, Szapolyai János, who was also crowned as King John I. The country was split in two and a decades-long struggle for power began.
1541
The Turkish occupation of the capital, Buda, and the division of Hungary into three parts
Little more...
1541
The Turks conquered Buda, the capital of Hungary, after the death of King John I. The central part of the country was under Turkish rule for 150 years. The western and northern parts (including present-day Slovakia) formed the Kingdom of Hungary ruled by the Habsburg emperors. The eastern parts (now mainly under Romanian rule) were ruled by the successors of King John I of Hungary, who later established the Principality of Transylvania.
1570
The establishment of the Principality of Transylvania
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1570
John II (John Sigismund), the son of King John I of Hungary, renounced the title of King of Hungary in favor of King Maximilian of the House of Habsburg, and henceforth held the title of Prince. This formally created the Principality of Transylvania, which was the eastern half of Hungary not ruled by the Habsburgs and was also a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. John II died in 1571, after which the three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Székelys and the Saxons) elected the prince.
1578 – 1585
The castle was reconstructed.
1600
Telegdi Zsigmond owned the castle.
1612
Nyári István received the castle.
1649
King Ferdinand III of Hungary gave the castle and the lordship to Lónyai Zsigmond and his successors. The widow of Lónyai Zsigmond was married by Rákóczi László, who acquired the lordships of Munkács and Szentmiklós for his family this way.
January 1657
Prince Rákóczi György II of Transylvania launched a campaign against Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His goal was to take the Polish crown and unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully, the Prince even occupied Kraków and Warsawa, but afterwards the King of Sweden let him down. The vengeful Poles led by Marshall Jerzy Lubomirski broke into northern Transylvania.
1657
After the unsuccesful Polish campaign of Prince Rákóczi György II of Transylvania, the Poles plundered the castle of Szentmiklós as well.
1669
Emperor Leopold I allowed the Rákóczi family to take over the lordship of Szentmiklós from the Esterházy family for 65,000 thaler (silver coin).
1673
It was mentioned as the possession of the widow of Rákóczi Ferenc I, Báthory Zsófia. With the death of Báthory Zsófia (1680), the estate was acquired by her daughter-in-law Zrínyi Ilona for the benefit of her children. Rákóczi Ferenc II frequently visited the castle of Szentmiklós on his hunts.
1686
Recapture of Buda and the liberation of Hungary from the Turks
Little more...
1686
The army of the Holy League recaptured Buda from the Turks by siege. In 1687, the Imperial army invaded the Principality of Transylvania. The liberation was hindered by the French breaking their promise of peace in 1688 and attacking the Habsburg Empire. By 1699, when the Peace of Karlóca was signed, all of Hungary and Croatia had been liberated from the Ottoman Empire with the exception of Temesköz, the area bounded by the Maros, the Tisza and the Danube rivers. It was not until the Peace of Požarevac in 1718 that Temesköz was liberated from the Turks. However, the continuous war against the Turkish invaders and the Habsburg autocracy, which lasted for more than 150 years, wiped out large areas of the Hungarian population, which had previously made up 80% of the country's population, and was replaced by Vlachs (Romanians), Serbs and other Slavic settlers and Germans. The Habsburgs also favoured the settlement of these foreign peoples over the 'rebellious' Hungarians.
1690
Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again, with internal autonomy and freedom of religion
Little more...
1690
According to the Diploma Leopoldinum issued by Emperor Leopold I, Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again and Hungarian law remained in force. The three nations (the Hungarians, the Székelys – who are also Hungarians –, and the Saxons) administered its internal affairs with autonomy and the freedom of religion was also preserved. The incorporation of Transylvania into the Habsburg Empire was prevented by the temporary election of Thököly Imre as Prince of Transylvania in 1690 with Turkish help.
1703-1711
Hungarian War of Independence led by Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II
Little more...
1703-1711
After the expulsion of the Turks, the Habsburgs treated Hungary as a newly conquered province and did not respect its constitution. The serfs rose up against the Habsburg ruler because of the sufferings caused by the war and the heavy burdens, and they invited Rákóczi Ferenc II to lead them. Trusting in the help promised by King Louis XIV of France, he accepted. Rákóczi rallied the nobility to his side, and soon most of the country was under his control. The rebels were called the kurucs. In 1704, the French and the Bavarians were defeated at the Battle of Blenheim, depriving the Hungarians of their international allies. The Rusyn, Slovak and Vlach peasants and the Saxons of Szepes supported the fight for freedom, while the Serbs in the south and the Saxons in Transylvania served the Habsburgs. Due to lack of funds Rákóczi could not raise a strong regular army, and in 1710, Hungary was also hit by a severe plague. Rákóczi tried unsuccessfully to forge an alliance with Tsar Peter the Great of Russia. In his absence, without his knowledge, his commander-in-chief, Károlyi Sándor, accepted Emperor Joseph I's peace offer. The Peace of Szatmár formally restored the Hungarian constitution and religious freedom and granted amnesty, but did not ease the burden of serfdom. Rákóczi refused to accept the pardon and went into exile. He died in Rodosto, Turkey.
february 19, 1711
Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II spent his last night in his Hungarian homeland in the castle, before leaving for Poland.
after 1711
After the Peace of Szatmár, the estates of Rákóczi were managed by the Treasury.
1726
Emperor Charles VI gave Szentmiklós to Count Schönborn Lotár Ferenc together with Munkács. His family and their descendents owned the castle afterwards.
Check out other castles in Subcarpathia (Ukraine) as well!
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Since the king favored the German relatives of Queen Gertrude over the Hungarian nobles, a group of the aristocrats (isp\u00e1n Peter, Simon of the Kacsics clan and Simon, the son-in-low of n\u00e1dor B\u00e1nk) conspired against her. The assassination was carried out during King Andrew's campaign against Halych. Gertrude was killed on the first suitable occasion during a royal hunt in the Pilis Mountains. Katona J\u00f3zsef's play and Erkel Ferenc's opera both of the same title (B\u00e1nk b\u00e1n) are based on this story. The children of King Andrew II and Queen Gertrude were King B\u00e9la IV and Saint Elisabeth of Hungary, one of the most venerated Hungarian saints.@#5|@late 14th century|The ancestors of the Per\u00e9nyi family owned the settlement.@1403|King Sigismund of Hungary allowed Per\u00e9nyi Imre to build a fortified manor in Szentmikl\u00f3s. This castle and manor was owned by the Per\u00e9nyi family until 1542.@#8|@#9|@#10|@1578 \u2013 1585|The castle was reconstructed.@1600|Telegdi Zsigmond owned the castle.@1612|Ny\u00e1ri Istv\u00e1n received the castle.@1649|King Ferdinand III of Hungary gave the castle and the lordship to L\u00f3nyai Zsigmond and his successors. The widow of L\u00f3nyai Zsigmond was married by R\u00e1k\u00f3czi L\u00e1szl\u00f3, who acquired the lordships of Munk\u00e1cs and Szentmikl\u00f3s for his family this way.@January 1657|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania launched a campaign against Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His goal was to take the Polish crown and unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully, the Prince even occupied Krak\u00f3w and Warsawa, but afterwards the King of Sweden let him down. The vengeful Poles led by Marshall Jerzy Lubomirski broke into northern Transylvania.@1657|After the unsuccesful Polish campaign of Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania, the Poles plundered the castle of Szentmikl\u00f3s as well.@1669|Emperor Leopold I allowed the R\u00e1k\u00f3czi family to take over the lordship of Szentmikl\u00f3s from the Esterh\u00e1zy family for 65,000 thaler (silver coin).@1673|It was mentioned as the possession of the widow of R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc I, B\u00e1thory Zs\u00f3fia. With the death of B\u00e1thory Zs\u00f3fia (1680), the estate was acquired by her daughter-in-law Zr\u00ednyi Ilona for the benefit of her children. R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II frequently visited the castle of Szentmikl\u00f3s on his hunts.@#25|@#26|@#27|@february 19, 1711|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II spent his last night in his Hungarian homeland in the castle, before leaving for Poland.@after 1711|After the Peace of Szatm\u00e1r, the estates of R\u00e1k\u00f3czi were managed by the Treasury.@1726|Emperor Charles VI gave Szentmikl\u00f3s to Count Sch\u00f6nborn Lot\u00e1r Ferenc together with Munk\u00e1cs. 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