Székely Támadt Castle, Csonkavár
Cetatea Székely Támadt
Székely Támadt Castle, Csonkavár
Andrei kokelburg, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO, via Wikimedia Commons
Condition:
Ruined
Entrance:
Closed to the public
Address:
Strada Tompa László 14
Settlement:
Historical Hungarian county:
Udvarhely
Country:
Romania
County:
Harghita
Geographic region:
Udvarhelyszék, Transylvanian Basin
GPS coordinates:
46.305527, 25.296067
Google map:
History
895
Arrival of the Hungarians
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895
The alliance of the seven Hungarian tribes took possession of the then largely uninhabited Carpathian Basin. Until then, the sparse Slavic population of the north-western Carpathians had lived under Moravian rule for a few decades after the collapse of the Avar Khaganate in the early 9th century.
1000
Foundation of the Hungarian Kingdom
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1000
The Kingdom of Hungary was established with the coronation of King Stephen I. He converted the Hungarians to Christianity and created two archdioceses (Esztergom and Kalocsa) and ten dioceses. He divided Hungary into counties led by ispáns, who were appointed by the king.
1241-1242
Mongol Invasion
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1241-1242
The hordes of the Mongol Empire invaded Hungary and almost completely destroyed it. One third to one half of the population was destroyed. The Mongols also suffered heavy losses in the battle of Muhi and they could not hunt down the king. After their withdrawal, King Béla IV reorganized Hungary. He allowed the feudal lords to build stone castles because they were able to successfully resist the nomadic Mongols. The vast majority of stone castles were built after this. The king called in German, Vlach (Romanian) and Slavic settlers to replace the destroyed population.
early 1490s
Báthory István, vajda of Transylvania and ispán of the Székelys, started to build a castle around the Dominican monastery, which triggered the vehement protest of the Székelys. The Székelys were against any castle to be built in Székelyföld.
January 19, 1493
King Ulászló II removed Báthory István from the position of vajda of Transylvania. Báthory died soon after. The monastery was handed over to the Dominican monks, who were later replaced by the Franciscans.
1526
Battle of Mohács and the splitting of Hungary into two parts
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1526
Sultan Suleiman I launched a war against Vienna, instigated by the French. Ferdinand I, Duke of Austria, was the brother-in-law of King Louis II of Hungary. The army of the Ottoman Empire defeated the much smaller Hungarian army at Mohács, and King Louis II died in the battle. A group of the barons elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the throne, who promised to defend Hungary from the Turks. He was the younger brother of the most powerful European monarch Emperor Charles V. But the nobility chose the most powerful Hungarian baron, Szapolyai János, who was also crowned as King John I. The country was split in two and a decades-long struggle for power began.
1541
The Turkish occupation of the capital, Buda, and the division of Hungary into three parts
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1541
The Turks conquered Buda, the capital of Hungary, after the death of King John I. The central part of the country was under Turkish rule for 150 years. The western and northern parts (including present-day Slovakia) formed the Kingdom of Hungary ruled by the Habsburg emperors. The eastern parts (now mainly under Romanian rule) were ruled by the successors of King John I of Hungary, who later established the Principality of Transylvania.
after 1556
Queen Isabella and later King John II lay more and more burdens on the Székelys.
April, 1562
The Székely assembly in Székelyudvarhely organized the armed rebellion against King John II of Hungary in order to restore their privileges abolished by the king. The plan was that the Habsburg emperor would support their rebellion from outside. The captain of Hadad Castle, Sulyok György, defected to King Ferdinand I, so the Transylvanian army of King John II besieged the castle. An army of Germans and Hungarians, led by Balassa Menyhárt, who had defected earlier, and Zay Ferenc, the captain of the Upper Hungary, set out to liberate the castle.
March 4, 1562
Balassa Menyhárt and Zay Ferenc, Captain of Upper Hungary, defeated the Transylvanian army led by Báthory István, Captain of Várad, in the Battle of Hadad. The Transylvanian defeat was caused by the fact that the vanguard led by Némethi Ferenc, against the orders of King John II, engaged the larger enemy army in battle prematurely. King John II was rescued by the armies of the pashas of Temesvár and Buda, who attacked Balassa's army and pushed it back to Szatmár, but Hadad remained in Ferdinand's hands.
June 20, 1562
The army of King John II defeated the Székely rebels along the Nyárád River between Vaja and Kisgörgény. The leaders were impaled by a decision of the Diet of Segesvár.
1562-1565
After the suppression of the Székely rebellion, King John II ordered the reinforcement and expansion of the castle in Székelyudvarhely in order to keep the rebellious Székelys under control. The Franciscan monks were driven away by the Protestant king. Its first castellan, Perky Gábor, called the castle mockingly Székelytámadt, meaning ’Székely attacked’. It was completed in 1565. Another castle was built on a 550 metres high hill next to Cófalva in Háromszék, which was called Székelybánja (meaning ’Székely regrets’).
1570
The establishment of the Principality of Transylvania
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1570
John II (John Sigismund), the son of King John I of Hungary, renounced the title of King of Hungary in favor of King Maximilian of the House of Habsburg, and henceforth held the title of Prince. This formally created the Principality of Transylvania, which was the eastern half of Hungary not ruled by the Habsburgs and was also a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. John II died in 1571, after which the three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Székelys and the Saxons) elected the prince.
1591-1606
Fifteen Years' War
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1591-1606
The Ottoman Empire started a war against the Habsburg Empire. The war was waged in the territory of Hungary. The Turks defeated the combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Principality of Transylvania in the battle of Mezőkeresztes in 1596, but their victory was not decisive. The war devastated the Principality of Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror.
October 17, 1599
Instigated by Emperor Rudolf, Voivode Mihai (Viteazul) of Wallachia broke into Transylvania through the Bodza Pass, after Prince Báthory Zsigmond, contrary to his promise, hand over power over Transylvania to his cousin Cardinal Báthory András instead of Emperor Rudolf. Voivode Mihai sided with the Székelys, who were dissatisfied with the Báthory dynasty, by promising to restore their rights, and with their help he defeated the army of Prince Báthory András at Sellenberk on 28 October.
October 28, 1599
The Székelys helped Voivode Mihai of Wallachia defeat Prince Báthory András of Transylvania at Sellenberk. The Prince tried to flee to Moldova, but he was murdered with a shepherd’s axe (fokos) by a Székely lófő, Balázs Mihály, near Csíkszentdomonkos. The Székelys attacked and destroyed the castle of Székelyudvarhely built to humiliate them.
November 1, 1599
Voivode Mihai Viteazul of Wallachia marched into Gyulafehérvár, the capitol of Transylvania, and took over power as governor appointed by Emperor Rudolf. But soon he started to act on his own behalf and introduced a reign of terror. He arbitrarily appointed Wallachian boyars to every position, looted the treasury and his unpaid mercenaries plundered and murdered throughout the land. The Vlach peasants rose up and started to exterminate Hungarian and Saxon population in Transylvania, which had a Hungarian majority at that time.
September 18, 1600
Voivode Mihai of Wallachia was defeated in the battle of Miriszló and driven out by the combined armies of the Transylvanian nobility led by Báthory Zsigmond and General Basta’s imperial mercenaries. At the beginning of next year, the Estates of Transylvanian broke with the Emperor and Báthory Zsigmond was elected prince once more.
autumn, 1600
After Voivode Mihai was defeated at Miriszló, the Transylvanian country assembly held in Lécfalva ordered the restoration of the castle of Székelyudvarhely damaged in the previous year, but the castle was only restored after 1621.
August 3, 1601
The combined armies of General Basta and Voivode Mihai of Wallachia defeated the Transylvanian army of Prince Báthory Zsigmond in the battle of Goroszló. After that, the army of Voivode Mihai sacked and burned the towns of Torda, Nagyenyed and Gyulafehérvár, where they robbed the tombs of the Hunyadi family, King John II of Hungary and his mother Queen Isabella. Then, on 19 August, Voivode Mihai was assassinated by the mercenaries of General Basta, because Mihai tried to usurp the throne of Transylvania once again. Genral Basta also introduced a reign of terror in Transylvania and let his mercenaries ravage freely throughout the land.
May 6, 1621
Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania donated the castle to Kornis Ferenc, the royal judge of Udvarhely Seat, on condition that he had to rebuild it. After that, it became the property of the princes of Transylvania.
1604-1606
Uprising of Bocskai István
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1604-1606
The alliance of the Habsburgs and the Principality of Transylvania was defeated by the Ottoman Empire in the Fifteen Years' War. The war devastated Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg imperial army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror. The nobility and the burghers were upset about the terror, the plundering mercenaries and the violent Counter-Reformation. Bocskai István decided to lead their uprising after the Habsburg emperor tried to confiscate his estates. Bocskai also rallied the hajdú warriors to his side. He was elected Prince of Transylvania and soon liberated the Kingdom of Hungary from the Habsburgs. In 1605 Bocskai István was crowned King of Hungary with the crown he received from the Turks.
23 June 1606
Peace of Vienna
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23 June 1606
Bocski István made peace with Emperor Rudolf. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and the freedom of religion. The counties of Szatmár, Bereg and Ugocsa were annexed to the Principality of Transylvania. Bocskai died of illness in the same year, leaving to his successors the idea of unifying Hungary from Transylvania.
1619
The campaign of Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1619
At the beginning of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania went to war against the Habsburg emperor as an ally of the rebelling Czech-Moravian-Austrian estates. The whole Kingdom of Hungary joined him, only the Austrian defenders of Pozsony had to be put to the sword. With his allies, he laid siege to Vienna. However, he was forced to abandon the siege because the Habsburg-loyal Hungarian aristocrat Homonnai Drugeth György attacked his heartland with Polish mercenaries. On 25 August 1620, the Diet of Besztercebánya elected Bethlen Gábor King of Hungary as vassal of the Turks. He continued to fight after the defeat of the Czechs at White Mountain on 8 November 1620, but without real chance to achieve decisive victory, he decided to come to an agreement with Emperor Ferdinand II.
31 December 1621
Peace of Nikolsburg
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31 December 1621
Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand II. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and later it was supplemented with the freedom of religion. Bethlen renounced the title of King of Hungary in exchange for seven counties of the Upper Tisza region (Szabolcs, Szatmár, Bereg, Ugocsa, Zemplén, Borsod, Abaúj) for the rest of his life, other estates in Hungary as his private property and the imperial title of Duke of Oppeln and Ratibor (Opole and Racibórz), one of the Duchies of Silesia. Prince Bethlen went to war against the Habsburgs in 1623 and 1626, but was unable to negotiate more favourable terms.
1644-1645
The campaign of Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1644-1645
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania allied with the Swedes and the French in the Thirty Years' War and went to war against the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand III. On 18 July 1645 his army joined forces with Torstenson's Swedish army under Brno (Moravia). The excellent artillery of Transylvania opened fire on the city walls. However, Rákóczi had to give up the siege, having been informed that the Turks were planning a punitive campaign against Transylvania, because he went to war against the Sultan's prohibition.
16 December 1645
Peace of Linz
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16 December 1645
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand III. It secured the freedom of religion for the Protestants and extended it also to the serfs. Rákóczi received the same seven Hungarian counties that Prince Bethlen Gábor had also held (Abauj, Zemplén, Borsod, Bereg, Ugocsa, Szabolcs, Szatmár) until his death, and the counties of Szabolcs and Szatmár were also to be inherited by his sons. The Rákóczi family also received several new estates.
after 1648
Prince Rákóczi György II pawned the castle to the widow of Kemény Boldizsár, Bornemissza Zsuzsanna for 5600 forints.
1657
Prince Rákóczi György II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Kraków and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.
October 14, 1661
The Turks burned the town and the castle, which was renovated afterwards.
1663
Szentpáli János acquired the castle, then Prince Apafi Mihály I of Transylvania donated it to his wife, Bornemissza Anna.#23
1686
Recapture of Buda and the liberation of Hungary from the Turks
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1686
The army of the Holy League recaptured Buda from the Turks by siege. In 1687, the Imperial army invaded the Principality of Transylvania. The liberation was hindered by the French breaking their promise of peace in 1688 and attacking the Habsburg Empire. By 1699, when the Peace of Karlóca was signed, all of Hungary and Croatia had been liberated from the Ottoman Empire with the exception of Temesköz, the area bounded by the Maros, the Tisza and the Danube rivers. It was not until the Peace of Požarevac in 1718 that Temesköz was liberated from the Turks. However, the continuous war against the Turkish invaders and the Habsburg autocracy, which lasted for more than 150 years, wiped out large areas of the Hungarian population, which had previously made up 80% of the country's population, and was replaced by Vlachs (Romanians), Serbs and other Slavic settlers and Germans. The Habsburgs also favoured the settlement of these foreign peoples over the 'rebellious' Hungarians.
1690
Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again, with internal autonomy and freedom of religion
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1690
According to the Diploma Leopoldinum issued by Emperor Leopold I, Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again and Hungarian law remained in force. The three nations (the Hungarians, the Székelys – who are also Hungarians –, and the Saxons) administered its internal affairs with autonomy and the freedom of religion was also preserved. The incorporation of Transylvania into the Habsburg Empire was prevented by the temporary election of Thököly Imre as Prince of Transylvania in 1690 with Turkish help.
1703-1711
Hungarian War of Independence led by Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II
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1703-1711
After the expulsion of the Turks, the Habsburgs treated Hungary as a newly conquered province and did not respect its constitution. The serfs rose up against the Habsburg ruler because of the sufferings caused by the war and the heavy burdens, and they invited Rákóczi Ferenc II to lead them. Trusting in the help promised by King Louis XIV of France, he accepted. Rákóczi rallied the nobility to his side, and soon most of the country was under his control. The rebels were called the kurucs. In 1704, the French and the Bavarians were defeated at the Battle of Blenheim, depriving the Hungarians of their international allies. The Rusyn, Slovak and Vlach peasants and the Saxons of Szepes supported the fight for freedom, while the Serbs in the south and the Saxons in Transylvania served the Habsburgs. Due to lack of funds Rákóczi could not raise a strong regular army, and in 1710, Hungary was also hit by a severe plague. Rákóczi tried unsuccessfully to forge an alliance with Tsar Peter the Great of Russia. In his absence, without his knowledge, his commander-in-chief, Károlyi Sándor, accepted Emperor Joseph I's peace offer. The Peace of Szatmár formally restored the Hungarian constitution and religious freedom and granted amnesty, but did not ease the burden of serfdom. Rákóczi refused to accept the pardon and went into exile. He died in Rodosto, Turkey.
1704
The kuruc army of Guthi István took the castle from its imperial commander, Richter, but it was taken back by General Tiege. The imperial army of General Tiege looted the castle.
1706
The kuruc Lieutenant General Pekry Lőrinc took back the castle from the imperials and ordered the Székelys to destroy it, in order to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Habsburgs again. The locals called it Truncated Castle afterwards. The significant remains of the castle can still be seen.
early 1890s
The Hungarian state had the building of the State High School of Sciences constructed within the walls of the former castle according to the plans of the architect Meiner Károly in Neo-classicist style. What were left of the inner castle, including the ruins of the former monastery and the church, were demolished during the construction. The agricultural school named after Eötvös József, who was the Minister of Education of Hungary during the construction, is now located in the building.
Source: varak.hu , Wikipedia, studhist.blog.hu: Székelytámadt vára , arcanum.hu - Bánlaky József: A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme
Check out other castles in Transylvania as well!
© OpenStreetMap contributors
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The Sz\u00e9kelys were against any castle to be built in Sz\u00e9kelyf\u00f6ld.@January 19, 1493|King Ul\u00e1szl\u00f3 II removed B\u00e1thory Istv\u00e1n from the position of vajda of Transylvania. B\u00e1thory died soon after. The monastery was handed over to the Dominican monks, who were later replaced by the Franciscans.@#8|@#9|@after 1556|Queen Isabella and later King John II lay more and more burdens on the Sz\u00e9kelys.@April, 1562|The Sz\u00e9kely assembly in Sz\u00e9kelyudvarhely organized the armed rebellion against King John II of Hungary in order to restore their privileges abolished by the king. The plan was that the Habsburg emperor would support their rebellion from outside. The captain of Hadad Castle, Sulyok Gy\u00f6rgy, defected to King Ferdinand I, so the Transylvanian army of King John II besieged the castle. An army of Germans and Hungarians, led by Balassa Menyh\u00e1rt, who had defected earlier, and Zay Ferenc, the captain of the Upper Hungary, set out to liberate the castle.@March 4, 1562|Balassa Menyh\u00e1rt and Zay Ferenc, Captain of Upper Hungary, defeated the Transylvanian army led by B\u00e1thory Istv\u00e1n, Captain of V\u00e1rad, in the Battle of Hadad. The Transylvanian defeat was caused by the fact that the vanguard led by N\u00e9methi Ferenc, against the orders of King John II, engaged the larger enemy army in battle prematurely. King John II was rescued by the armies of the pashas of Temesv\u00e1r and Buda, who attacked Balassa's army and pushed it back to Szatm\u00e1r, but Hadad remained in Ferdinand's hands.@June 20, 1562|The army of King John II defeated the Sz\u00e9kely rebels along the Ny\u00e1r\u00e1d River between Vaja and Kisg\u00f6rg\u00e9ny. The leaders were impaled by a decision of the Diet of Segesv\u00e1r.@1562-1565|After the suppression of the Sz\u00e9kely rebellion, King John II ordered the reinforcement and expansion of the castle in Sz\u00e9kelyudvarhely in order to keep the rebellious Sz\u00e9kelys under control. The Franciscan monks were driven away by the Protestant king. Its first castellan, Perky G\u00e1bor, called the castle mockingly Sz\u00e9kelyt\u00e1madt, meaning \u2019Sz\u00e9kely attacked\u2019. It was completed in 1565. Another castle was built on a 550 metres high hill next to C\u00f3falva in H\u00e1romsz\u00e9k, which was called Sz\u00e9kelyb\u00e1nja (meaning \u2019Sz\u00e9kely regrets\u2019).@#10|@#12|@October 17, 1599|Instigated by Emperor Rudolf, Voivode Mihai (Viteazul) of Wallachia broke into Transylvania through the Bodza Pass, after Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond, contrary to his promise, hand over power over Transylvania to his cousin Cardinal B\u00e1thory Andr\u00e1s instead of Emperor Rudolf. Voivode Mihai sided with the Sz\u00e9kelys, who were dissatisfied with the B\u00e1thory dynasty, by promising to restore their rights, and with their help he defeated the army of Prince B\u00e1thory Andr\u00e1s at Sellenberk on 28 October.@October 28, 1599|The Sz\u00e9kelys helped Voivode Mihai of Wallachia defeat Prince B\u00e1thory Andr\u00e1s of Transylvania at Sellenberk. The Prince tried to flee to Moldova, but he was murdered with a shepherd\u2019s axe (fokos) by a Sz\u00e9kely l\u00f3f\u0151, Bal\u00e1zs Mih\u00e1ly, near Cs\u00edkszentdomonkos. The Sz\u00e9kelys attacked and destroyed the castle of Sz\u00e9kelyudvarhely built to humiliate them.@November 1, 1599|Voivode Mihai Viteazul of Wallachia marched into Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, the capitol of Transylvania, and took over power as governor appointed by Emperor Rudolf. But soon he started to act on his own behalf and introduced a reign of terror. He arbitrarily appointed Wallachian boyars to every position, looted the treasury and his unpaid mercenaries plundered and murdered throughout the land. The Vlach peasants rose up and started to exterminate Hungarian and Saxon population in Transylvania, which had a Hungarian majority at that time.@September 18, 1600|Voivode Mihai of Wallachia was defeated in the battle of Miriszl\u00f3 and driven out by the combined armies of the Transylvanian nobility led by B\u00e1thory Zsigmond and General Basta\u2019s imperial mercenaries. At the beginning of next year, the Estates of Transylvanian broke with the Emperor and B\u00e1thory Zsigmond was elected prince once more.@autumn, 1600|After Voivode Mihai was defeated at Miriszl\u00f3, the Transylvanian country assembly held in L\u00e9cfalva ordered the restoration of the castle of Sz\u00e9kelyudvarhely damaged in the previous year, but the castle was only restored after 1621.@August 3, 1601|The combined armies of General Basta and Voivode Mihai of Wallachia defeated the Transylvanian army of Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond in the battle of Goroszl\u00f3. After that, the army of Voivode Mihai sacked and burned the towns of Torda, Nagyenyed and Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, where they robbed the tombs of the Hunyadi family, King John II of Hungary and his mother Queen Isabella. Then, on 19 August, Voivode Mihai was assassinated by the mercenaries of General Basta, because Mihai tried to usurp the throne of Transylvania once again. Genral Basta also introduced a reign of terror in Transylvania and let his mercenaries ravage freely throughout the land.@May 6, 1621|Prince Bethlen G\u00e1bor of Transylvania donated the castle to Kornis Ferenc, the royal judge of Udvarhely Seat, on condition that he had to rebuild it. After that, it became the property of the princes of Transylvania.@#13|@#14|@#15|@#16|@#17|@#18|@after 1648|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II pawned the castle to the widow of Kem\u00e9ny Boldizs\u00e1r, Bornemissza Zsuzsanna for 5600 forints.@1657|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Krak\u00f3w and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.@October 14, 1661|The Turks burned the town and the castle, which was renovated afterwards.@1663|Szentp\u00e1li J\u00e1nos acquired the castle, then Prince Apafi Mih\u00e1ly I of Transylvania donated it to his wife, Bornemissza Anna.#23@#25|@#26|@#27|@1704|The kuruc army of Guthi Istv\u00e1n took the castle from its imperial commander, Richter, but it was taken back by General Tiege. The imperial army of General Tiege looted the castle.@1706|The kuruc Lieutenant General Pekry L\u0151rinc took back the castle from the imperials and ordered the Sz\u00e9kelys to destroy it, in order to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Habsburgs again. The locals called it Truncated Castle afterwards. The significant remains of the castle can still be seen.@early 1890s|The Hungarian state had the building of the State High School of Sciences constructed within the walls of the former castle according to the plans of the architect Meiner K\u00e1roly in Neo-classicist style. What were left of the inner castle, including the ruins of the former monastery and the church, were demolished during the construction. The agricultural school named after E\u00f6tv\u00f6s J\u00f3zsef, who was the Minister of Education of Hungary during the construction, is now located in the building.&studhist.blog.hu: Sz\u00e9kelyt\u00e1madt v\u00e1ra|https:\/\/studhist.blog.hu\/2019\/08\/12\/szekelytamadt_vara"},"language":"en","region":"romania","regionid":4,"offer":[{"id":"112","settlement_HU":"Szal\u00e1rd","settlement_LO":"S\u0103lard","gps_lat":"47.2378340000","gps_long":"22.0440240000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Utilizator:Grossecali at ro.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0 <http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cetatea_Adorjan_Salard.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Cetatea Adorjan Salard\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2e\/Cetatea_Adorjan_Salard.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca 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src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/02\/Le_ch%C3%A2teau_m%C3%A9dieval_de_Almasu_-_panoramio.jpg\/512px-Le_ch%C3%A2teau_m%C3%A9dieval_de_Almasu_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Le_ch%C3%A2teau_m%C3%A9dieval_de_Almasu_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003Ealmasu2012\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Alm\u00e1s Castle; Rezs\u0151 Castle; Dezs\u0151 Castle","seolink":"almas-castle-cetatea-almasului"},{"id":"114","settlement_HU":"B\u00e1lv\u00e1nyosf\u00fcrd\u0151, Torja","settlement_LO":"B\u0103ile Balvanyos, Turia","gps_lat":"46.1137020000","gps_long":"25.9654040000","cond":"5","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Andrei kokelburg, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Turia_Cetatea_Balvanyos_(3).JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Turia Cetatea Balvanyos (3)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Turia_Cetatea_Balvanyos_%283%29.JPG\/512px-Turia_Cetatea_Balvanyos_%283%29.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Turia_Cetatea_Balvanyos_(3).JPG\u0022\u003EAndrei kokelburg\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"B\u00e1lv\u00e1nyos Castle","seolink":"balvanyos-castle-cetatea-balvanyos"},{"id":"115","settlement_HU":"Szil\u00e1gysomly\u00f3","settlement_LO":"\u0218imleu Silvaniei","gps_lat":"47.2307430000","gps_long":"22.7991270000","cond":"4","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Ady Negrean, CC BY-SA 4.0 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Mare","gps_lat":"47.6915750000","gps_long":"23.5204630000","cond":"7","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022VRicardo95, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cetatea_din_Baia_Mare,_punct_%22Valea_Borcutului%22.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Cetatea din Baia Mare, punct Valea Borcutului\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6c\/Cetatea_din_Baia_Mare%2C_punct_%22Valea_Borcutului%22.JPG\/512px-Cetatea_din_Baia_Mare%2C_punct_%22Valea_Borcutului%22.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cetatea_din_Baia_Mare,_punct_%22Valea_Borcutului%22.JPG\u0022\u003EVRicardo95\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Nagyb\u00e1nya Castle ","seolink":"nagybanya-castle-cetatea-baia-mare"},{"id":"117","settlement_HU":"Gyergy\u00f3szentmikl\u00f3s","settlement_LO":"Gheorgheni","gps_lat":"46.7284390000","gps_long":"25.6346430000","cond":"7","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Ukiy, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Chapelle_ch%C3%A2teau_Both_Both_v%C3%A1rai_k%C3%A1polna.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Chapelle ch\u00e2teau Both Both v\u00e1rai k\u00e1polna\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/bb\/Chapelle_ch%C3%A2teau_Both_Both_v%C3%A1rai_k%C3%A1polna.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Chapelle_ch%C3%A2teau_Both_Both_v%C3%A1rai_k%C3%A1polna.jpg\u0022\u003EUkiy\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Both Castle","seolink":"gyergyoszentmiklos-both-castle-gheorgheni"},{"id":"118","settlement_HU":"Cenk-hegy, Brass\u00f3","settlement_LO":"T\u00e2mpa, Bra\u0219ov","gps_lat":"45.6334490000","gps_long":"25.5921770000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Ecologicmarket, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tampa_Natural_Reservation_from_Brasov_Romania.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Tampa Natural Reservation from Brasov Romania\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/82\/Tampa_Natural_Reservation_from_Brasov_Romania.jpg\/512px-Tampa_Natural_Reservation_from_Brasov_Romania.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Tampa_Natural_Reservation_from_Brasov_Romania.jpg\u0022\u003EEcologicmarket\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Castle on Cenk Hill;Brassovia Castle","seolink":"brasso-castle-on-cenk-hill-tampa-brasov"},{"id":"119","settlement_HU":"Sz\u00e9kelyudvarhely","settlement_LO":"Odorheiu Secuiesc","gps_lat":"46.2948450000","gps_long":"25.2728550000","cond":"7","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Budv\u00e1r","seolink":"szekelyudvarhely-budvar-castle-odorheiu-secuiesc"},{"id":"120","settlement_HU":"Beszterce","settlement_LO":"Bistri\u021ba","gps_lat":"47.1693380000","gps_long":"24.4814300000","cond":"7","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Beszterce Castle","seolink":"beszterce-castle-bistrita"},{"id":"121","settlement_HU":"Csics\u00f3\u00fajfalu","settlement_LO":"Ciceu-Corabia","gps_lat":"47.2510600000","gps_long":"23.9672930000","cond":"5","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Unknown author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Csics%C3%B3v%C3%A1r_(Vas%C3%A1rnapi_%C3%BAjs%C3%A1g_1866._35._sz%C3%A1m).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Csics\u00f3v\u00e1r (Vas\u00e1rnapi \u00fajs\u00e1g 1866. 35. sz\u00e1m)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6f\/Csics%C3%B3v%C3%A1r_%28Vas%C3%A1rnapi_%C3%BAjs%C3%A1g_1866._35._sz%C3%A1m%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Csics%C3%B3v%C3%A1r_(Vas%C3%A1rnapi_%C3%BAjs%C3%A1g_1866._35._sz%C3%A1m).jpg\u0022\u003EUnknown author\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Csics\u00f3 Castle","seolink":"csicso-castle-cetatea-ciceului"},{"id":"122","settlement_HU":"Sz\u00e9kelyudvarhely","settlement_LO":"Odorheiu Secuiesc","gps_lat":"46.3055270000","gps_long":"25.2960670000","cond":"4","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Andrei kokelburg, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Odorheiu_Secuiesc_Cetatea.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Odorheiu Secuiesc Cetatea\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/42\/Odorheiu_Secuiesc_Cetatea.jpg\/512px-Odorheiu_Secuiesc_Cetatea.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Odorheiu_Secuiesc_Cetatea.jpg\u0022\u003EAndrei kokelburg\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Sz\u00e9kely T\u00e1madt Castle; Csonkav\u00e1r","seolink":"szekely-tamadt-castle"},{"id":"123","settlement_HU":"Drenkova","settlement_LO":"Drencova","gps_lat":"44.6357930000","gps_long":"21.9752810000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Nenea hartia, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Drencova_Romania.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Drencova Romania\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/eb\/Drencova_Romania.jpg\/512px-Drencova_Romania.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Drencova_Romania.jpg\u0022\u003ENenea hartia\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Drank\u00f3 Castle","seolink":"dranko-castle"},{"id":"124","settlement_HU":"Facs\u00e1d","settlement_LO":"F\u0103get","gps_lat":"45.8662280000","gps_long":"22.1741410000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Yo6own, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Faget_Cetate_1.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Faget Cetate 1\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/45\/Faget_Cetate_1.JPG\/512px-Faget_Cetate_1.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Faget_Cetate_1.JPG\u0022\u003EYo6own\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Facset Castle","seolink":"facset-castle-cetatea-fagetului"},{"id":"125","settlement_HU":"Brass\u00f3","settlement_LO":"Bra\u0219ov","gps_lat":"45.6493030000","gps_long":"25.5916990000","cond":"1","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Andrei Dan Suciu, CC BY 3.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cet%C4%83%C5%A3uia_Bra%C5%9Fov_-_panoramio_(9).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Cet\u0103\u0163uia Bra\u015fov - panoramio (9)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f0\/Cet%C4%83%C5%A3uia_Bra%C5%9Fov_-_panoramio_%289%29.jpg\/512px-Cet%C4%83%C5%A3uia_Bra%C5%9Fov_-_panoramio_%289%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cet%C4%83%C5%A3uia_Bra%C5%9Fov_-_panoramio_(9).jpg\u0022\u003EAndrei Dan Suciu\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Brass\u00f3, Citadel","seolink":"brasso-citadel-brasov-cetatuia"},{"id":"126","settlement_HU":"V\u00e1rasfenes","settlement_LO":"Fini\u015f","gps_lat":"46.6168680000","gps_long":"22.2971320000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022No machine-readable author provided. Petitpeton assumed (based on copyright claims)., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:B%C3%A9lavar_caslte_2.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022B\u00e9lavar caslte 2\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fe\/B%C3%A9lavar_caslte_2.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:B%C3%A9lavar_caslte_2.jpg\u0022\u003ENo machine-readable author provided. Petitpeton assumed (based on copyright claims).\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Fenes Castle; B\u00e9lav\u00e1r","seolink":"fenes-castle-cetatea-finis"},{"id":"127","settlement_HU":"G\u00f6rg\u00e9nyszentimre","settlement_LO":"Gurghiu","gps_lat":"46.7744120000","gps_long":"24.8653210000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022SahkuRO, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gurghiu_panoramic.gif\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Gurghiu panoramic\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7e\/Gurghiu_panoramic.gif\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gurghiu_panoramic.gif\u0022\u003ESahkuRO\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"G\u00f6rg\u00e9ny Castle","seolink":"gorgeny-castle"},{"id":"128","settlement_HU":"Szinice","settlement_LO":"Svini\u0163a","gps_lat":"44.4798350000","gps_long":"22.1426560000","cond":"6","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Nenea hartia, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Trikule_Svini%C8%9Ba_01.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Trikule Svini\u021ba 01\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/14\/Trikule_Svini%C8%9Ba_01.jpg\/512px-Trikule_Svini%C8%9Ba_01.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Trikule_Svini%C8%9Ba_01.jpg\u0022\u003ENenea hartia\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Three 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