exploreCARPATHIA
Attractions along the Carpathians
Transylvania / Romania

Segesvár

Sighișoara
Segesvár
Hungarian:
Segesvár
Romanian:
Sighișoara
German:
Schäßburg
Latin:
Stenarum
Segesvár
Andrei kokelburg, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO, via Wikimedia Commons
Historical Hungarian county:
Nagy-Küküllő
Country:
Romania
County:
Mureș
River:
Nagy-Küküllő
Altitude:
380 m
GPS coordinates:
46.219388, 24.793601
Google map:
Population
Population:
25k
Hungarian:
17.3%
Population in 1910
Total 11587
Hungarian 23.19%
German 47.34%
Vlach 26.16%
Coat of Arms
ROU MS Sighisoara CoA1
Primăria municipiului Sighișoara, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The settlement was founded in the 12th century by Germans settled by King Géza II of Hungary, who were later called Saxons. The Transylvanian Saxons owed their extensive liberties and autonomy to King Andrew II of Hungary. Segesvár was raised to the rank of free royal town by King Louis I of Hungary in 1367. The Romanians believe that their national hero Vlad Tepes was born in the town, but there is no evidence that he ever visited the town. The Saxons have always supported the Habsburgs against the Hungarians' efforts for regaining their independence. The great poet of the Hungarian War of Independence, Petőfi Sándor, disappeared without a trace in the battle near the town. He probably fell victim to the Cossack cavalry of the Russian army. After the defeat of the War of Independence, the Habsburg court abolished the autonomy of the Transylvanian Saxons who had supported them. This was later restored, but was finally abolished with the modernisation of the public administration after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise. Segesvár then became the seat of Nagy-Küküllő County. The fate of the Transylvanian Saxons was brought about by the Romanian occupation. Romania, in addition to failing to restore Saxon autonomy, confiscated the vast estates of the Saxon community. The majority of the Saxons, who had been left in a hopeless situation, emigrated to Germany in exchange for ransom during the Ceaușescu era. Segesvár is one of the most beautiful Transylvanian Saxon towns, worth a visit for its medieval churches and well-preserved fortifications.

History
Sights
© OpenStreetMap contributors
Ancient times
The Roman military outpost called Stenarum stood on the site on the present day settlement. Later Bulgarians lived in the neighbourhood.
895
Arrival of the Hungarians
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895
The alliance of the seven Hungarian tribes took possession of the then largely uninhabited Carpathian Basin. Until then, the sparse Slavic population of the north-western Carpathians had lived under Moravian rule for a few decades after the collapse of the Avar Khaganate in the early 9th century.
after 895
The archaeological finds of a cemetery prove, that Hungarians established a small settlement in this area.
1000
Foundation of the Hungarian Kingdom
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1000
The Kingdom of Hungary was established with the coronation of King Stephen I. He converted the Hungarians to Christianity and created two archdioceses (Esztergom and Kalocsa) and ten dioceses. He divided Hungary into counties led by ispáns, who were appointed by the king.
1141-1161
During the reign of King Géza II of Hungary, German, Flemish and in smaller numbers also Walloon settlers arrived in southern Transylvania. The settlers probably came after the second crusade crossed Hungary in 1147. People who couldn’t count on inheriting land in their homeland came from the territory of the dioceses of Cologne and Trier. They were granted new home in Hungary on lands that had recently become desolate after the Székely border guards living there had been relocated to the area of Háromszék by order of the king. These settlers were later called collectively Saxons, which does not mean that they came from Saxony.
between 1141 and 1161
King Géza II of Hungary settled Saxons in the area. It became the centre of a Saxon seat. Seats were the special administrative units of the Saxons.
1191
The construction of a wooden castle started in the settlement.
1224
King Andrew II of Hungary issued the Andreanum, the golden charter of freedoms of the Transylvanian Saxons (goldener Freibrief). This recognized the Saxons as collective legal entity, removed them from the jurisdiction of the royal ispáns (the leaders of the counties), and placed the newly appointed ispán of Szeben over them. The territory inhabited by the Saxons became their own property, and they were legally equal. If the owner of the land died without inheritors, the property reverted to the community and not the king. The Saxons elected their own superiors and priests. Their leader, the ispán of Szeben, also called Count of the Saxons (comes Saxonum), was appointed by the king, but after 1486 they could choose the count themselves. Saxons were allowed to hold fairs and trade freely. Their land was called King's Land (Királyföld, Fundus Regius, Königsboden). Saxons had the most rights in Hungary, they were actually exempted from feudalism.
1241-1242
Mongol Invasion
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1241-1242
The hordes of the Mongol Empire invaded Hungary and almost completely destroyed it. One third to one half of the population was destroyed. The Mongols also suffered heavy losses in the battle of Muhi and they could not hunt down the king. After their withdrawal, King Béla IV reorganized Hungary. He allowed the feudal lords to build stone castles because they were able to successfully resist the nomadic Mongols. The vast majority of stone castles were built after this. The king called in German, Vlach (Romanian) and Slavic settlers to replace the destroyed population.
1241
The wooden castle was destroyed by the Mongol invaders. After that, the upper part of the Castle Hill was gradually fortified with walls and towers.
1280
The Castrum Sex (Saxon Castle) was mentioned, which probably referred to the rudimentary fortification of the Upper Town.
1282
The settlement was called Schaäsburg. It became a settlement of considerable size by the end of the 13th century.
1300
The settlement was called Segusvar. The ancient Hungarian noun seg or ség meant hillock. The first component of the settlement’s name comes from this word and the additional ’es’ affix, the second component, the ’vár’ noun, means castle. The Romanian name of the settlement comes form the Hungarian name.
1301
The extinction of the House of Árpád
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1301
The House of Árpád, the first Hungarian royal dynasty, died out with the death of King Andrew III. Hungary was ruled by oligarchs, the most powerful of whom was Csák Máté, whose main ally was the Aba family. King Charles I (1308-1342), supported by the Pope, eventually emerged as the most prominent of the contenders for the Hungarian throne. But it took decades to break the power of the oligarchs.
1350
The construction of the castle church started on the site of a 12th century chapel. It was reconstructed between 1428 and 1488.
1367
King Louis I of Hungary raised Segesvár to the rank of free royal town.
1431
According to the Romanian tradition, Vlad Tepes was born in Segesvár, but it is likely that he never stayed in the town. The father of Vlad Tepes fled to Hungary after he was exiled from Wallachia by the boyars seeking the favour of the Turks. His name was also Vlad, and he got the epithet Dracul (meaning Dragon), after King Sigismund of Hungary admitted him to the ranks of the Order of the Dragon, which was established by the king in 1408. His son, Vlad, ascended to the throne of Wallachia in 1456. His epithet Drakula meant ’the son of Dracul’. He stopped paying tribute to the Turks in 1459 and made an alliance with King Matthias of Hungary. The Sultan sent Bey Hamza against him, but he impaled the bey, then launched a campaign in which he slaughtered 38 thousand Turks and Bulgarians. His capital, Targoviste, was surrounded with a forest of stakes. His younger brother Radu drove him away with Turkish help in 1462. Dracula fled to Hungary, where he was captured by order of King Matthias, who had previously made an agreement with Radu. In 1476, Dracula took back the power in Wallachia with the help of the Hungarian army of Báthory István, vajda of Transylvania. But since he couldn’t gain enough support in his homeland, he was killed by the Turks as soon as the Hungarian army left Wallachia. Vlad Tepes aka Drakula punished the smallest theft with impalement, but he was fond of dismemberment and flaying (skinning) either. He persecuted especially the Saxons, who got rich from trading. He captured them during his raids in Transylvania, took them to Wallachia and impaled them. But Vlad didn’t like beggars either. Legend has it, that one day he invited the poor people of Targoviste for dinner, and then he set the hall on fire. Vlad Tepes is incredibly popular in Romania, and is venerated as a national hero, but anyway, most of the Romanian heroes were like him.
1437
The three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Székelys and the Saxons) formed an alliance in Kápolna (Union of Kápolna). This union gained its true significance after 1570, when Transylvania became an independent principality due to the Turkish conquest of central Hungary. These three nations were represented in the Transylvanian Diet, and they elected the prince. Vlach migrants (mostly shepherds and peasants) were a small minority at the time and were excluded from the political power just like Hungarian peasants. According to the agreement, the Saxon fortified churches were opened for the non-Saxon population of the neighbourhood as well in times of danger. This was a great concession, because only Saxons (and not even Hungarian nobles) could acquire land and purchase house in King's Land. Only Saxon monks could live in their monasteries and Saxons were strictly forbidden by their priests to adopt Hungarian customs, dress and hairstyle. The Transylvanian Saxons were never integrated into the Hungarian community that welcomed them and gave them so many privileges, and they never had any inclination to do so.
1438
The castle was plundered by the Turks, but it was restored in the 16th century.
1467
King Matthias of Hungary extended the tax of the royal treasury (tributum fisci regalis) and the Crown’s customs (vectigal coronae) to Transylvania as well. An uprising broke out and they wanted to put vajda Szentgyörgyi János of Transylvania on the throne. King Matthias quickly marched into Transylvania with his army, and the conspirators surrendered without any resistance. Szentgyörgyi pleaded for mercy and was pardoned, but was removed from his position. Segesvár also took part in the conspiracy, but the king granted the town mercy.
1486
King Matthias of Hungary confirmed the autonomy of the Saxons. The Transylvanian Saxon Universality (universitas saxonum) was established, which was the official body of self-governance of the Saxons. It had administrative, legislative and judicial powers and was only subordinate to the King of Hungary. Saxons could only be judged by the Saxon Universality. It had the right to elect the Count of the Saxons from among the 12 members of the town council of Nagyszeben. The official language of the Saxon Universality was German, while the official language of Hungary was Latin.
1506
The union of the three nations was confirmed in Segesvár.
1513
King Ulászló II of Hungay exempted those who moved to the town from taxation for seven years in order to increase Segesvár’s population.
1526
Battle of Mohács and the splitting of Hungary into two parts
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1526
Sultan Suleiman I launched a war against Vienna, instigated by the French. Ferdinand I, Duke of Austria, was the brother-in-law of King Louis II of Hungary. The army of the Ottoman Empire defeated the much smaller Hungarian army at Mohács, and King Louis II died in the battle. A group of the barons elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the throne, who promised to defend Hungary from the Turks. He was the younger brother of the most powerful European monarch Emperor Charles V. But the nobility chose the most powerful Hungarian baron, Szapolyai János, who was also crowned as King John I. The country was split in two and a decades-long struggle for power began.
1529
The army of King John I of Hungary appeared before the walls of the town in order to enforce the town’s loyalty, which supported King Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg.
1541
The Turkish occupation of the capital, Buda, and the division of Hungary into three parts
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1541
The Turks conquered Buda, the capital of Hungary, after the death of King John I. The central part of the country was under Turkish rule for 150 years. The western and northern parts (including present-day Slovakia) formed the Kingdom of Hungary ruled by the Habsburg emperors. The eastern parts (now mainly under Romanian rule) were ruled by the successors of King John I of Hungary, who later established the Principality of Transylvania.
1544
The town converted to Protestantism.
April, 1562
The Székely assembly in Székelyudvarhely organized the armed rebellion against King John II of Hungary in order to restore their privileges abolished by the king. The plan was that the Habsburg emperor would support their rebellion from outside. The captain of Hadad Castle, Sulyok György, defected to King Ferdinand I, so the Transylvanian army of King John II besieged the castle. An army of Germans and Hungarians, led by Balassa Menyhárt, who had defected earlier, and Zay Ferenc, the captain of the Upper Hungary, set out to liberate the castle.
March 4, 1562
Balassa Menyhárt and Zay Ferenc, Captain of Upper Hungary, defeated the Transylvanian army led by Báthory István, Captain of Várad, in the Battle of Hadad. The Transylvanian defeat was caused by the fact that the vanguard led by Némethi Ferenc, against the orders of King John II, engaged the larger enemy army in battle prematurely. King John II was rescued by the armies of the pashas of Temesvár and Buda, who attacked Balassa's army and pushed it back to Szatmár, but Hadad remained in Ferdinand's hands.
June 20, 1562
The army of King John II defeated the Székely rebels along the Nyárád River between Vaja and Kisgörgény. The leaders were impaled by a decision of the Diet of Segesvár.
1562
26 leaders of the Székely uprising were executed in the market square after the country assembly held in the town. The low ranking Székelys rose up against King John II, who heavily restricted their privileges. The uprising was suppressed by Radák László, the commander of the royal army. After that, John II turned the Székelys of the third, lowest, rank into serfs and donated their lands at the country assembly held in Segesvár. He also extended the ius regium to all the Székelys, which meant that the lands of the Székelys without heritor were inherited by the treasury and not the community.
1570
The establishment of the Principality of Transylvania
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1570
John II (John Sigismund), the son of King John I of Hungary, renounced the title of King of Hungary in favor of King Maximilian of the House of Habsburg, and henceforth held the title of Prince. This formally created the Principality of Transylvania, which was the eastern half of Hungary not ruled by the Habsburgs and was also a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. John II died in 1571, after which the three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Székelys and the Saxons) elected the prince.
1591-1606
Fifteen Years' War
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1591-1606
The Ottoman Empire started a war against the Habsburg Empire. The war was waged in the territory of Hungary. The Turks defeated the combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Principality of Transylvania in the battle of Mezőkeresztes in 1596, but their victory was not decisive. The war devastated the Principality of Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror.
October 17, 1599
Instigated by Emperor Rudolf, Voivode Mihai (Viteazul) of Wallachia broke into Transylvania through the Bodza Pass, after Prince Báthory Zsigmond, contrary to his promise, hand over power over Transylvania to his cousin Cardinal Báthory András instead of Emperor Rudolf. Voivode Mihai sided with the Székelys, who were dissatisfied with the Báthory dynasty, by promising to restore their rights, and with their help he defeated the army of Prince Báthory András at Sellenberk on 28 October.
November 1, 1599
Voivode Mihai Viteazul of Wallachia marched into Gyulafehérvár, the capitol of Transylvania, and took over power as governor appointed by Emperor Rudolf. But soon he started to act on his own behalf and introduced a reign of terror. He arbitrarily appointed Wallachian boyars to every position, looted the treasury and his unpaid mercenaries plundered and murdered throughout the land. The Vlach peasants rose up and started to exterminate Hungarian and Saxon population in Transylvania, which had a Hungarian majority at that time.
1600
The army of Voivode Mihai Viteazul of Wallachia, then the imperial army of General Basta occupied the town.
September 18, 1600
Voivode Mihai of Wallachia was defeated in the battle of Miriszló and driven out by the combined armies of the Transylvanian nobility led by Báthory Zsigmond and General Basta’s imperial mercenaries. At the beginning of next year, the Estates of Transylvanian broke with the Emperor and Báthory Zsigmond was elected prince once more.
August 3, 1601
The combined armies of General Basta and Voivode Mihai of Wallachia defeated the Transylvanian army of Prince Báthory Zsigmond in the battle of Goroszló. After that, the army of Voivode Mihai sacked and burned the towns of Torda, Nagyenyed and Gyulafehérvár, where they robbed the tombs of the Hunyadi family, King John II of Hungary and his mother Queen Isabella. Then, on 19 August, Voivode Mihai was assassinated by the mercenaries of General Basta, because Mihai tried to usurp the throne of Transylvania once again. Genral Basta also introduced a reign of terror in Transylvania and let his mercenaries ravage freely throughout the land.
August, 1601
The imperial mercenaries of General Basta forced the town to pay tribute.
August 31, 1601
Prince Báthory Zsigmond marched from Moldavia to Brassó with the Székelys who joined him, and won the support of the Sultan. General Basta, which was preparing to besiege Brassó, fled at the news of the arrival of Turkish reinforcements, leaving the cannons behind. Báthory marched into the capitol, Gyulafehérvár, but he, instigated by the Jesuits, soon made a truce with Basta and moved his seat back to Brassó in 1602.
December, 1601
The army of Prince Báthory Zsigmond captured the town with a trick.
July 2, 1602
General Giorgio Basta defeated the army of Székely Mózes at Tövis. Székely Mózes became the leader of the Transylvanian uprising against the Habsburg Empire after the battle of Goroszló. Basta took control of Transylvania once again and started a bloody extermination campaign against the Hungarians.
1603
General Basta left Transylvania with his imperial army. Székely Mózes set out from Temesvár with Székely and Turkish armies to liberate Transylvania. The estates of Transylvania, having enough of Basta’s terror, welcomed him in Gyulafehérvár and elected him Prince of Transylvania on 9 May. The Habsburgs mobilized their vassal, Voivode Radu Serban of Wallachia, who attacked the camp of Székely Mózes at Brassó at night on 17 July. The Prince was killed and General Basta returned to Transylvania.
1603
The town surrendered to Székely Mózes and his Turkish and Tatar auxiliaries.
1604-1606
Uprising of Bocskai István
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1604-1606
The alliance of the Habsburgs and the Principality of Transylvania was defeated by the Ottoman Empire in the Fifteen Years' War. The war devastated Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg imperial army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror. The nobility and the burghers were upset about the terror, the plundering mercenaries and the violent Counter-Reformation. Bocskai István decided to lead their uprising after the Habsburg emperor tried to confiscate his estates. Bocskai also rallied the hajdú warriors to his side. He was elected Prince of Transylvania and soon liberated the Kingdom of Hungary from the Habsburgs. In 1605 Bocskai István was crowned King of Hungary with the crown he received from the Turks.
1605
The hajdú warriors of Bocskai István, who rose up against the Habsburg tyranny, marched into the town.
23 June 1606
Peace of Vienna
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23 June 1606
Bocski István made peace with Emperor Rudolf. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and the freedom of religion. The counties of Szatmár, Bereg and Ugocsa were annexed to the Principality of Transylvania. Bocskai died of illness in the same year, leaving to his successors the idea of unifying Hungary from Transylvania.
1606–1666
The records kept by Georg Kraus, the notary of the town, make an important source of the history of Transylvania.
1619
The campaign of Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1619
At the beginning of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania went to war against the Habsburg emperor as an ally of the rebelling Czech-Moravian-Austrian estates. The whole Kingdom of Hungary joined him, only the Austrian defenders of Pozsony had to be put to the sword. With his allies, he laid siege to Vienna. However, he was forced to abandon the siege because the Habsburg-loyal Hungarian aristocrat Homonnai Drugeth György attacked his heartland with Polish mercenaries. On 25 August 1620, the Diet of Besztercebánya elected Bethlen Gábor King of Hungary as vassal of the Turks. He continued to fight after the defeat of the Czechs at White Mountain on 8 November 1620, but without real chance to achieve decisive victory, he decided to come to an agreement with Emperor Ferdinand II.
31 December 1621
Peace of Nikolsburg
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31 December 1621
Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand II. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and later it was supplemented with the freedom of religion. Bethlen renounced the title of King of Hungary in exchange for seven counties of the Upper Tisza region (Szabolcs, Szatmár, Bereg, Ugocsa, Zemplén, Borsod, Abaúj) for the rest of his life, other estates in Hungary as his private property and the imperial title of Duke of Oppeln and Ratibor (Opole and Racibórz), one of the Duchies of Silesia. Prince Bethlen went to war against the Habsburgs in 1623 and 1626, but was unable to negotiate more favourable terms.
December 1, 1630
Rákóczi György I was elected Prince of Transylvania in Segesvár.
1644-1645
The campaign of Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1644-1645
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania allied with the Swedes and the French in the Thirty Years' War and went to war against the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand III. On 18 July 1645 his army joined forces with Torstenson's Swedish army under Brno (Moravia). The excellent artillery of Transylvania opened fire on the city walls. However, Rákóczi had to give up the siege, having been informed that the Turks were planning a punitive campaign against Transylvania, because he went to war against the Sultan's prohibition.
16 December 1645
Peace of Linz
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16 December 1645
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand III. It secured the freedom of religion for the Protestants and extended it also to the serfs. Rákóczi received the same seven Hungarian counties that Prince Bethlen Gábor had also held (Abauj, Zemplén, Borsod, Bereg, Ugocsa, Szabolcs, Szatmár) until his death, and the counties of Szabolcs and Szatmár were also to be inherited by his sons. The Rákóczi family also received several new estates.
1646
Plague decimated the population.
1657
Prince Rákóczi György II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Kraków and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.
November 2, 1657
Rhédey Ferenc was elected Prince of Transylvania in Segesvár.
1658
The Tartars ravaged and plundered throughout Transylvania and Grand Vizier Köprülü Mehmed captured Jenő Castle. The Estates of Transylvania sent Barcsay Ákos to the camp of the grand vizier to beg for mercy. In return, the Grand Vizier demanded that the annual tax be raised from 15 to 40 thousand forints (gold coins) and that Lugos and Karansebes be ceded. This was the price for the Turks to leave Transylvania. The grand vizier appointed Barcsay prince on 14 September.
October 7, 1658
Barcsay Ákos was elected Prince of Transylvania in Segesvár.
1659
Prince Rákóczi György II returned to Transylvania and forced Barcsay Ákos to retreat to Szeben and besieged him.
May 22, 1660
In the battle of Sászfenes, Pasha Shejdi Ahmed of Buda defeated Rákóczi György II, who lost his life. The Tatar armies invaded Transylvania for the second time.
November 1660
Kemény János, the former commander of Rákóczi György II, defeated the army of Gáspár, the brother of Prince Barcsay András, at Örményes. Barcsay Gáspár fell in the battle. Then, on 31 December, Barcsay Ákos renounced the throne. In 1661 Kemény János had Barcsay Ákos captured and murdered.
1661
The army of Pasha Seydi Ahmed of Buda marched into Transylvania, after the country assembly held in Beszterce on 23 April declared the independence of Transylvania from the Ottoman Empire and placed the country under the protection of Emperor Leopold I. On 14 September, Pasha Ali forced the country assembly to elect Apafi Mihály Prince of Transylvania in Marosvásárhely.
1662
Apafi Mihály retreated to Segesvár and was beseaged by Kemény János, who enjoyed the support of the Habsburgs. Lucky for him, Kemény János was let down by the emperor and was defeated by the Turkish army of Pasha Kücsük at Nagyszőlős (next to Segesvár) on 23 January, 1662. Kemény died in the battle.
1676
A fire devastated the town. According to contemporary sources, 624 houses burned down together with some of the churches and the fortifications.
1683
Turkish defeat at Vienna and the formation of the Holy League
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1683
The combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Kingdom of Poland defeated the Turkish army besieging Vienna. Emperor Leopold I wanted to make peace with the Turks, but was refused by Sultan Mehmed IV. In 1684, at the persistent urging of Pope Innocent XI, the Holy League, an alliance of the Kingdom of Poland, the Habsburg Empire, the Republic of Venice and the Papal States, was formed to expel the Turks from Hungary. Thököly Imre, who had allied himself with the Turks, was gradually driven out of northern Hungary.
1686
Recapture of Buda and the liberation of Hungary from the Turks
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1686
The army of the Holy League recaptured Buda from the Turks by siege. In 1687, the Imperial army invaded the Principality of Transylvania. The liberation was hindered by the French breaking their promise of peace in 1688 and attacking the Habsburg Empire. By 1699, when the Peace of Karlóca was signed, all of Hungary and Croatia had been liberated from the Ottoman Empire with the exception of Temesköz, the area bounded by the Maros, the Tisza and the Danube rivers. It was not until the Peace of Požarevac in 1718 that Temesköz was liberated from the Turks. However, the continuous war against the Turkish invaders and the Habsburg autocracy, which lasted for more than 150 years, wiped out large areas of the Hungarian population, which had previously made up 80% of the country's population, and was replaced by Vlachs (Romanians), Serbs and other Slavic settlers and Germans. The Habsburgs also favoured the settlement of these foreign peoples over the 'rebellious' Hungarians.
1690
Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again, with internal autonomy and freedom of religion
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1690
According to the Diploma Leopoldinum issued by Emperor Leopold I, Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again and Hungarian law remained in force. The three nations (the Hungarians, the Székelys – who are also Hungarians –, and the Saxons) administered its internal affairs with autonomy and the freedom of religion was also preserved. The incorporation of Transylvania into the Habsburg Empire was prevented by the temporary election of Thököly Imre as Prince of Transylvania in 1690 with Turkish help.
from the early 18th century
The Saxon villages that were left desolate by the wars were repopulated by Vlach migrants from Wallachia. Vlachs appeared in the Saxon towns as well. This was the start of the process by the end of which Vlachs were in the majority in Transylvania instead of Hungarians.
1703-1711
Hungarian War of Independence led by Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II
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1703-1711
After the expulsion of the Turks, the Habsburgs treated Hungary as a newly conquered province and did not respect its constitution. The serfs rose up against the Habsburg ruler because of the sufferings caused by the war and the heavy burdens, and they invited Rákóczi Ferenc II to lead them. Trusting in the help promised by King Louis XIV of France, he accepted. Rákóczi rallied the nobility to his side, and soon most of the country was under his control. The rebels were called the kurucs. In 1704, the French and the Bavarians were defeated at the Battle of Blenheim, depriving the Hungarians of their international allies. The Rusyn, Slovak and Vlach peasants and the Saxons of Szepes supported the fight for freedom, while the Serbs in the south and the Saxons in Transylvania served the Habsburgs. Due to lack of funds Rákóczi could not raise a strong regular army, and in 1710, Hungary was also hit by a severe plague. Rákóczi tried unsuccessfully to forge an alliance with Tsar Peter the Great of Russia. In his absence, without his knowledge, his commander-in-chief, Károlyi Sándor, accepted Emperor Joseph I's peace offer. The Peace of Szatmár formally restored the Hungarian constitution and religious freedom and granted amnesty, but did not ease the burden of serfdom. Rákóczi refused to accept the pardon and went into exile. He died in Rodosto, Turkey.
1706
Pekri Lőrinc, one of the commanders of Rákóczi Ferenc II, occupied the town, which was loyal to the Habsburgs. In order to prevent any further resistance, he blew up some of the defences. 5 out of the 14 bastions were destroyed, and the town lost its military significance once and for all.
1709
Plague decimated the population.
1788
A fire devastated the town.
1781
The decree of Emperor Joseph II introduced "concivility", which allowed non-Saxons to settle and acquire property in King's Land.
1783
Emperor Joseph II abolished the Transylvanian Saxon Universality and the Saxon seats (traditional administrative units) were incorporated into the new county system. Joseph II, who was never crowned King of Hungary, thus he was called ’the king in hat’, made German the official language of Hungary instead of Latin, which the Saxons protested against together with the Hungarian Estates.
1790
When Emperor Joseph II, the ’enlightened’ absolute ruler of Hungary died, bonfires were lit throughout Transylvania and Hungarians and Saxons celebrated the repeal of his decrees as one. The Transylvanian Saxon Universality was restored, but the "concivility", the decree that allowed non-Saxons to settle in the land of the Saxons was not withdrawn.
1848-1849
Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence
Little more...
1848-1849
Following the news of the Paris Revolution on 22 February 1848, the Hungarian liberal opposition led by Kossuth Lajos demanded the abolition of serfdom, the abolition of the tax exemption of the nobility, a parliament elected by the people, and an independent and accountable national government. The revolution that broke out in Pest on 15 March expressed its demands in 12 points, which, in addition to the above mentioned, included the freedom of the press, equality before the law, the release of the political prisoners and the union with Transylvania. A Hungarian government was formed, Batthyány Lajos became prime minister, and on 11 April Emperor Ferdinand V ratified the reform laws. On August 31 the Emperor demanded the repeal of the laws threatening with military intervention. In September the Emperor unleashed the army of Jelacic, Ban of Croatia, on Hungary, but they were defeated by the Hungarians in the Battle of Pákozd on 29 September. An open war began for the independence of Hungary. The Habsburgs incited the nationalities against the Hungarians. The Rusyns, the Slovenes and most of the Slovaks and Germans supported the cause persistently, but the Vlachs (Romanians) and the Serbians turned against the Hungarians. The glorious Spring Campaign in 1849 led by General Görgei Artúr liberated almost all of Hungary. On 1 May 1849, Emperor Franz Joseph, effectively admitting defeat, asked for the help of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, who sent an intervention army of 200,000 soldiers against Hungary. The resistance became hopeless against the overwhelming enemy forces and on 13 August Görgei Artúr surrendered to the Russians at Világos. Bloody reprisals followed, and on 6 October 1849, 12 generals and a colonel of the Hungarian Revolution, the martyrs of Arad, were executed in Arad. On the same day, Batthyány Lajos, the first Hungarian Prime Minister, was executed by firing squad in Pest. The Habsburgs introduced total authoritarianism in Hungary, but they also failed to fulfil their promises to the nationalities that had betrayed the Hungarians.
1848
The Transylvanian Saxons also voted in favour of the reunion with Hungary. However, during the Hungarian War of Independence, they supported the Habsburgs because of their German national consciousness and their loyalty to the Emperor.
1849
The Hungarian General Forró occupied the town, later General Bem József also marched into the town.
July 31, 1849
The battle of Segesvár took place outside of the town. The Hungarian army of General Bem József was defeated by the twice as large Russian army of General Lüderz. Nevertheless, Bem successfully prevented the Russians from advancing further towards Székelyföld. The fleeing Hungarians were hunted down and killed by the Cossack cavalry, the great poet of the Hungarian revolution, Petőfi Sándor, probably died this way. In 1879, a memorial was raised in Fehéregyháza, where the battle took place, to Petőfi Sándor, who disappeared in this battle for ever.
after 1849
After the fall of the Hungarian War of Independence, the Saxons’ reward for supporting the Habsburgs against Hungary was that the Habsburg emperor abolished their autonomy and incorporated King's Land into the new centralized administrative system controlled from Vienna. The Count of the Saxons was removed, the locally elected magistrates were replaced by centrally assigned clerks and the Saxons lost their control over the judicial system as well.
1861
The October Diploma issued by Emperor Franz Joseph eased the absolutism and restored the autonomy of the Saxons. The old administrative system of King's Land was restored and the seat of Szászváros (Szászvárosszék) was resurrected for one and a half decades.
1867
Austro-Hungarian Compromise
Little more...
1867
The Habsburg Empire was weakened by the defeats it suffered in the implementation of Italian and German unity. The Hungarians wanted to return to the reform laws of 1848, but they did not have the strength to do so. Emperor Franz Joseph and the Hungarian opposition, led by Deák Ferenc, finally agreed to restructure the Empire and abolish absolutism. Hungary was given autonomy in its internal affairs, with its own government and parliament, which was essential for the development of its economy and culture. However, foreign and military affairs remained in the hands of the Habsburgs and served their aspiration for becoming a great power. The majority wanted Hungary's independence, but they were excluded from political power.
1876
Public administration was modernized and medieval structures were abolished in Hungary. The autonomy of the Saxons was abolished (as was that of the Hungarian Székelys) and their seats were incorporated into the county system. King's Land had already lost its Saxon homogeneity (which was mainly due to low Saxon fertility) by that time making territorial autonomy redundant.
1876
The town became the seat of the newly created Nagy-Küküllő County after the Saxon seats were abolished together with all medieval administrative structures. The town was always famous for its craftsmanship. Its bronze smiths, pewtersmiths, carpenters, stonemasons, later its textile, ceramic and glass industries made the town famous.
after 1876
The Saxon Universality was transformed into a foundation to foster culture and education.
1910
The town had 11,587 inhabitants (5486 Germans, 3031 Vlachs and 2687 Hungarians).
1914-1918
World War I
Little more...
1914-1918
As part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, Hungary took part in the war on the side of the Central Powers.
1916
On 27 August, Romania declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and launched an attack against Hungary. This triggered a huge wave of refugees from Transylvania, as the population feared a repeat of the Romanian ethnic cleansing of 1848-49. The Saxon Arthur Arz von Straussenberg led the defence of Transylvania until the arrival of German reinforcement. Austro-Hungarian and German forces drove the invaders out of the country by mid-October and occupied Bucharest on 6 December. Romania surrendered and signed a peace treaty with the central powers on 7 May 1918 (Treaty of Bucharest).
1918
On 3 November, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy signed the Armistice of Padua. The already defeated Romania then declared war on Germany on 10 November, just one day before the Germans signed the armistice near Compiègne. The Romanians then launched an offensive against Hungary, which had already unconditionally ceased fighting at the demand of the Entente. Romania was only recognised by the Entente powers as one of the victors of WWI only later.
November 1918 - January 1919
The Czech, Romanian and Serbian occupation of Hungary
Little more...
November 1918 - January 1919
In Hungary, the freemasonic subversion brought the pro-Entente Károlyi Mihály to power. The new government, naively trusting the Entente powers, met all their demands and disbanded the Hungarian military, which rendered the country completely defenseless in the most dire need. Under French and Italian command, Czech, Romanian and Serbian troops invaded large parts of Hungary, where they immediately began the takeover. They fired Hungarian railway workers, officials and teachers, banned the use of the Hungarian language, abolished Hungarian education, and disposed of everything that reminded them of the country's Hungarian past. Hundreds of thousands of Hungarians were forced to leave their homeland, and the forcible assimilation of the remaining Hungarians was begun.
January 8, 1919
In the shadow of Romanian occupation, the assembly of the Saxon delegates in Medgyes accepted the union with Romania with the promise of the restoration of Saxon autonomy. In 1910 only 231,000 Saxons lived in Transylvania.
4 June 1920
Trianon Dictate
Little more...
4 June 1920
Hungary was forced to sign the Treaty of Trianon, although the country was not invited to the peace talks. Hungary lost two thirds of its territory that had belonged to it for more than 1000 years. One-third of the Hungarian population came under foreign rule. On the basis of the national principle, countries with a more mixed and less ethnically balanced composition than the former Hungary were created, such as Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia). For example, while 48% of the population of the territory ceded to Czechoslovakia was Slovak and 30% Hungarian, 54% of the population of the former Hungary was Hungarian and 10.6% Slovak. And in the territory that is now part of Serbia, the Hungarians outnumbered the Serbs. The part of the territory allocated to Romania from Hungary was larger than the remaining territory of Hungary, despite the fact that there were 10 million Hungarians and less than 3 million Romanians in the former Hungary. While Hungary used to have the most liberal nationality policy in Europe, the successor states had no respect at all for the national and cultural rights of the indigenous Hungarians and engaged in forced assimilation. The Trianon Dictate destroyed the organic economic unity of the region. Before the First World War, Hungary had a dynamic economy, more advanced than Spain's. After 1920, the successor states formed the so-called "Little Entente", putting Hungary under an economic blockade and sabotaging it on the international stage.
1923
The Romanian government abolished all what remained of the Saxon autonomy. The vast estates of the Saxon Universality were confiscated, just like the lands of the Hungarian nobility and the historical churches, which almost exclusively financed Hungarian and Saxon education systems in Transylvania. Once again, Saxons were rewarded for betraying Hungary, though it depended by no means on their decision that Transylvania was united with Wallachia and Moldova, which was a decision similar to uniting Switzerland with Nigeria.
until 1941
As a result of the Romanian settlements, the Saxons lost their majority in every town. In desperation, the Saxons joined the SS en masse.
1944
The German high command ordered the evacuation of King's Land, just like East Prussia, but the majority stayed in their homeland. Romania betrayed their allies and sided with the Soviet Union, as soon as the first Soviet forces reached their eastern borders. After that, Saxons were also obliged to enlist in the Romanian army. Soviets despised the traitors, so they sent the Romanians to the front line to catch the bullet, which meant that Saxons had to fight against Saxons.
1950s
Illegal emigration to Germany began with the bribery of state employees. The Romanian secret service, the Securitate and the Directorate for Foreign Intelligence (DIE) became aware of the process and wanted to turn it to their own advantage.
from 1962
The state-coordinated sale of German nationalities in Romania has been launched. The so called ’products’ were divided into four categories with different prices. For example West Germany had to pay 11,000 marks for a highly qualified person, while a student could be ransomed for only 1,800 marks.
from 1970
Romania made the process more democratic, because the FRG had to pay a uniform 8,000 marks for each German. This was the price of the one-way visa to West Germany.
from 1982
The price increased, because West Germany had to reimburse also the money the high quality education system of Romania spent on the German people wishing to leave the country. Moreover, the emigrants had to sign a declaration that they would leave their assets to the Romanian state. West Germany was allowed to pay in kind as well. For example, when the Germans said that they could only supply Volkswagen cars, the Romanians said that they would prefer Mercedes cars, but were willing to wait.
until 1990
Approximately 250 to 400 thousand Germans were ransomed to West Germany together with the Swabians that lived in the Bánság (Banat). Seeing the success of the deal, the Romanians also started selling Jews to Israel, and eventually they sold literally anyone, who had someone to pay the ransom.
1991-1992
With the opening of the borders, 75,000 of the remaining 95,000 Transylvanian Saxons emigrated to Germany voluntarily, leaving ghost villages behind. Those few that remained became more Romanian than Romanians, just as the example of the ’liberal’ President of Romania, Klaus Iohannis shows, who took political advantage by accusing the ’social democrats’ of wanting to hand over Transylvania to the Hungarians. This describes political conditions in Romania and the mental state of an average Romanian quite well.
1999
Segesvár’s historic town centre became part of the World Heritage.
2002
7.2 million people lived in Transylvania, including 1.42 million Hungarians. There were 1.65 million Hungarians out of 5.2 million in 1910. The proportion of the Romanians increased from 53.78% to 74.69%, while the proportion of the Hungarians decreased from 31.64% to 19.6%. The proportion of the Germans dropped from 10.75% to below 1%. These changes were mainly the results of migration and the persecution of Hungarians and Saxons. Transylvania here refers to the entire territory that once belonged to Hungary, which is much larger than historical Transylvania.
Sights
All
Churches, religious buildings
Public buildings
Cultural facilities
Town infrastructure
Private buildings
Memorials
Museums and Galleries
Churches, religious buildings
St. Nicholas Lutheran Castle Church
Biserica din Deal (Sf. Nicolae)
Biserica din deal din Sighisoara4
Cezar Suceveanu, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Lutheran
Visit
St. Nicholas Lutheran Castle Church
History

The church (Bergkirche) was built by the Dominicans in the 13th century, but in the middle of the 14th century the Saxons started to build a new Gothic church in the place of the old Romanesque church. In 1345 the church, which was under construction, was mentioned in a charter of King Louis I of Hungary (Louis the Great). The nave was completed in 1429 and the tower was added in 1463. The paintings in the sanctuary and the triumphal arch date from 1488 and are the work of Master Bálint. The wing altar of St. Martin dates from 1520. Its 16th century Renaissance furnishings are the work of Johannes Reychmuth. It was awarded the Europa Nostra Prize for its restoration and strengthening of the supporting structure between 1991 and 1999.

Virgin Mary Monastery Church, Klosterkirche
Biserica Mănăstirii
Segesvár - Felsőváros - Kolostortemplom - panoramio
h_laca, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Lutheran
Visit
Virgin Mary Monastery Church, Klosterkirche
History

The church was built between 1484 and 1515 in Gothic style on the site of the 16th-century Dominican monastery. A source from 1298 attests to the existence of the Dominican church. The church contains a bronze baptismal font from 1440, a collection of 35 oriental carpets from the 13th century and a Baroque altar from 1680. In 1556 the Dominicans left the town, which joined the Reformation. In 1676, it was damaged by fire and its roof burnt down. Then the present ridge turret was built and the church got new Baroque style furnishings. The former monastery was demolished in 1886. The carvings of the altar and the organ were made by Johann West, while the paintings were made by Jeremias Stranovius.

St. Joseph Roman Catholic Church
Catedrala Romano-Catolică Sf.Iosif
Schäßburg, katholische Kirche v NO, 4
Renardo la vulpo, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Roman Catholic
Visit
St. Joseph Roman Catholic Church
History

The foundation of the parish is dated to 1143. The Pope granted an indulgence for the first church in 1298. This church was probably built on the castle hill. At the time of the Reformation, the castle had four churches. Of these, one was the church on the hill, another may have been next to the covered staircase (its exposed ruins date from the 14th century), the third was a monastery church of the Dominicans, which already existed in 1298, and the fourth was a small Gothic church belonging to the Dominican nuns. During the Reformation, the Saxon population of the town became Lutheran and the Dominicans had to leave the town. The revival of the Catholic faith began in 1702, when a Franciscan monk came to Segesvár, preaching in the open air and initially living in a plank hut. In 1723, the Franciscan monks received the former small church of the Dominican nuns and the adjoining convent house. The present parish was built in 1892, the church - with its predecessor and a nearby bastion completely demolished - was begun in 1895 in the eclectic style and consecrated by Bishop Lönhart Ferenc on 4 October 1896.

Calvinist Church
Biserica Reformată
Schäßburg, reformierte Kirche, 2
Renardo la vulpo, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Calvinist
Visit
Calvinist Church
History

The plans of the church were originally made by Alpár Ignác, but due to lack of funds they were changed and the foundations of a smaller church were laid on 8 June 1888, which was consecrated a year later. In 1894, the congregation built a new parish house next to the church, and then a denominational school with several classrooms.

Unitarian Church
Biserica Unitariană
Biserica Unitariana - panoramio
Mister No, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Unitarian
Visit
Unitarian Church
History

The church was built in 1936 for the Hungarian Unitarian faithful.

Church of the Lepers, Holy Spirit Church
Biserica Sfântul Spirit
Biserica leprosilor din Sighisoara
Țetcu Mircea Rareș, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Greek Catholic
Visit
Church of the Lepers, Holy Spirit Church
History

Located outside the town walls, it was built in the 15th century. It was part of a complex of buildings outside the town walls on the banks of the Küküllő River, which included a school, a teachers' house, a hospital for lepers and a church. Lepers were not allowed to enter the church, but the priest went out to them to preach from the pulpit on the outside wall of the church. The pulpit was not used from 1684 and the hospital was demolished at the end of the 19th century when the railway was built.

Mother of God Orthodox Church
Biserica Intrarea Maicii Domnului în Biserică din Sighișoara
RO MS Biserica Intrarea Maicii Domnului in Biserica din Sighisoara (1)
Țetcu Mircea Rareș, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Orthodox
Visit
Mother of God Orthodox Church
History

The church was built between 1788 and 1797.

Holy Trinity Orthodox Church
Biserica Sfânta Treime
Eglise Orhodoxe de Sighisoara
Robindechanoz, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Orthodox
Visit
Holy Trinity Orthodox Church
History

Built between 1934 and 1937.

Cemetery Chapel
Capela Cimitirului
Biserica din deal din Sighisoara12
Cezar Suceveanu, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
chapel
Currently:
chapel
Church:
Lutheran
Visit
Cemetery Chapel
History

Next to the castle church, on the site of the former goldsmiths' tower, stands a cemetery chapel built in the 19th century. The tower was demolished after it was badly damaged by a lightning strike in 1890.

Synagogue
Schäßburg, Synagoge, 3
Renardo la vulpo, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
synagogue
Currently:
synagogue
Church:
Jewish
Visit
Synagogue
History

The synagogue was built in 1903.

Public buildings
Former County Hall, Town Hall
Segesvár - Felsőváros - az egykori Vármegyeháza - panoramio
h_laca, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
county hall
Currently:
town hall
Visit
Former County Hall, Town Hall
History

The old country hall was built between 1886 and 1888 in neo-Renaissance style. A plaque on the wall of the country hall proclaims that Blessed Bishop Apor Vilmos was born here.

Cultural facilities
Albert House, Albert-haus
Schäßburg, Alberthaus v O, 1
Renardo la vulpo, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
school
Currently:
n/a
Visit
Albert House, Albert-haus
History

The dormitory of the school on the hill.

Former Lutheran Lyceum, Joseph Haltrich High School
Liceul Teoretic Joseph Haltrich Sighisoara
Liceul Teoretic Joseph Haltrich Sighisoara - panoramio
Mister No, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
school
Currently:
school
Church:
Lutheran
Visit
Former Lutheran Lyceum, Joseph Haltrich High School
History

The lyceum was built between 1900 and 1901 in the Romantic style on the site of the old Baroque school building, partly from its materials. The construction of the Baroque school was begun in 1772, but there was also an earlier school building, and the Student Staircase was built in the mid-17th century to provide access to it. The school was first mentioned in sources in 1522, but may have existed as early as the 15th century. Today it bears the name of the former headmaster Josef Haltrich.

Town infrastructure
Clock Tower, History Museum
Turnul cu Ceas
Segesvár - Felsőváros - Óra-torony - panoramio (1)
h_laca, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
municipal tower / fire tower, town hall
Currently:
museum
Visit
Clock Tower, History Museum
History

The gate tower is the main entrance to the castle, the eastern gate separating the Lower Town from the Upper Town. Unlike the other towers, it was not defended by the guilds but by the town's military. It was originally built in the 14th century. Until 1556 the town council met in the hall on the first floor. The tower housed the town treasury, archives and the ammunition store. It was rebuilt in 1677 after a fire the previous year, when it was given a baroque roof.

In 1604, the tower was given the name Stundturm (Clock Tower), after a wooden clockwork was installed in it. In 1648, the clockwork and dial were replaced, and it was at this time that master Johann Kirschel installed the figures (silver statues of the 12 apostles) that circulated at each hour. The clockwork was destroyed by fire in 1676 and replaced by a new one.

In 1704, during the Hungarian war of independence, the kuruc insurgents attacked the town and their cannons hit the weathervane on top of the tower and the crescent moon, a symbol of Turkish vassalage. In 1774 the crescent moon was replaced by a two-headed eagle, the symbol of the Habsburgs.

During the 1894 restoration, the tower was covered with coloured tiles. In 1899, the building was converted into a museum of the town's history. In 1906, the clock was restored and since 1964 it has been powered by an electric motor. The tower is 64 metres high.

The tower now houses a museum. In Budapest, the Apostles' Tower in Vajdahunyad Castle, made for the Millennium of Hungary, is reminiscent of the clock tower in Segesvár.

Törle Gate
Schäßburg, Törle beim Kürschnerturm, 2
Renardo la vulpo, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
town gate
Currently:
town gate
Visit
Törle Gate
History

It was a small gate for the sheep, which were herded behind the walls in case of danger.

Smith's Tower
Turnul Fierarilor
Turnul Fierarilor din Sighisoara2
Cezar Suceveanu, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
town fortification
Currently:
town fortification
Visit
Smith's Tower
History

The tower was built in 1631 on the foundations of the former Barbers' Tower to protect the main thoroughfare. On the upper floor was the fire station.

Tinsmith's Tower
Turnul Cositorarilor
Turnul Cositorarilor Sighisoara
Originally:
town fortification
Currently:
town fortification
Visit
Tinsmith's Tower
History

The tower was built at the same time as the town wall. It was rebuilt in 1583. In front of it is the best preserved bastion.

Ropemaker's Tower
Turnul Frânghierilor
Turnul Franghierilor din Sighisoara4
Cezar Suceveanu, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
town fortification
Currently:
town fortification
Visit
Ropemaker's Tower
History

It is the same age as the oldest walls of the castle. It was destroyed by the Mongols in 1241 but rebuilt in 1350. It was not affected by the fire of 1676. It is still inhabited today. It protected the rim of the hilltop, the wall rising here surrounded the hilltop church.

Bootmaker's Tower
Turnul Cizmarilor
Turnul Cizmarilor din Sighisoara3
Cezar Suceveanu, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
town fortification
Currently:
town fortification
Visit
Bootmaker's Tower
History

The tower was built in 1521 and reinforced in 1603. In 1606, the tower, defended by the Guild of the Bootmakers, was partially damaged, but was rebuilt in 1650. It took its present form in 1681, after being rebuilt after the fire of 1676. Located at the northern end of the castle wall, it is the lowest tower of all.

Butcher's Tower
Turnul Măcelarilor
Turnul Macelarilor din Sighisoara
Cezar Suceveanu, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
town fortification
Currently:
town fortification
Visit
Butcher's Tower
History

One of two towers built to protect the eastern Törle Gate. It is from the 12th century, the upper two storeys were added in the 16th century, together with the cannon bastion in front of it.

Tanner's Tower
Turnul Tăbăcarilor
Sighișoara 008 (cropped)
Vislupus, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
town fortification
Currently:
town fortification
Visit
Tanner's Tower
History

The tower was built in the south-east of the castle around the 13th-14th centuries to protect the square of the Clock Tower.

Tailor's Tower
Turnul Croitorilor
Sighişoara (Schäßburg, Segesvár) - The Tower of Tailors
Pudelek (Marcin Szala), CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
town fortification
Currently:
town fortification
Visit
Tailor's Tower
History

The tower was built in the 14th century to defend the western gate of the town. It was fortified with a barbican. In the 1676 fire, the gunpowder stored in the upper storeys exploded. It was rebuilt in 1935, when it took on its present appearance.

Furrier's Tower
Turnul Cojocarilor
Schäßburg, Törle beim Kürschnerturm, 2
Renardo la vulpo, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
town fortification
Currently:
town fortification
Visit
Furrier's Tower
History

One of the two towers built to protect the Törle Gate on the east side. It was probably built in the 15th century and defended by a guild of furriers. It was repaired and enlarged after the fire of 1676.

Student's Stairs, Schülertreppe
Scara acoperită
Scara acoperita din Sighisoara
Cezar Suceveanu, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
street
Currently:
street
Visit
Student's Stairs, Schülertreppe
History

The staircase was built in 1642. A covered staircase leads from the main square to the castle hill. It connected the upper town with the highest point on the castle hill, the school next to the Lutheran church, first mentioned in sources in 1522. The 1849 renovations left only 175 steps of the original 300.

Private buildings
Venetian House
Casa Venețiană
Casa Venetiana din Sighisoara4
Cezar Suceveanu, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
house
Currently:
house
Visit
Venetian House
History

The was probably built in the early 17th century and restored in the 19th century in neo-Gothic style. It takes its name from the shape of its windows. Its most notable inhabitant was the town's mayor Stephanus Mann.

House with Stag
Casa cu Cerb
Piata Cetatii - panoramio (1)
Mister No, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
house
Currently:
hotel / tavern / guesthouse
Visit
House with Stag
History

The house was built in the 17th century and takes its name from the deer head on the corner of the house. It was renovated between 1988 and 2001. It is now a hotel.

House of Vlad Dracul
Casa Vlad Dracul
Casa natale di Vlad III di Valacchia, Sighișoara
Pivari.com, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
house
Currently:
restaurant / confectionery / café
Visit
House of Vlad Dracul
History

The oldest burgher house in the town. It has a 14th century Gothic core. According to tradition, Vlad II lived in the house during his exile in Transylvania between 1431 and 1436. He used the name Dracul (Dragon) from 1431, when King Sigismund of Hungary made him a member of the Order of the Dragon in Nuremberg. The order was founded by Sigismund in 1408. Vlad II became prince of Wallachia in 1436. It is said that his son Vlad III, alias Vlad Tepes, alias Vlad Dracula (meaning son of Dracul), was born in this house. Vlad Dracula raided the territory of Hungary, especially the land of the Saxons, on several occasions and carried off Saxons, whom he then killed with selective cruelty, envious of their wealth acquired through trade. There is no evidence that the house had anything to do with his family.

Memorials
Bust of Petőfi Sándor
Originally:
statue / memorial / relief
Currently:
statue / memorial / relief
Visit
Bust of Petőfi Sándor
History

The Hungarian revolutionary poet Petőfi Sándor died on 31 July 1849 in Fehéregyháza, near Segesvár. 48 years later, in 1897, his life-size statue, the work of Köllő Miklós, was unveiled in front of the county hall (now the Town Hall) on the northeastern battlements of Segesvár Castle. This statue was dismantled and transported to Budapest in the summer of 1916, during the flight from the Romanian invasion, and then erected in Kiskunfélegyháza in the autumn of 1922, after the Trianon Dictate.

After that, Petőfi did not have a statue in Segesvár Castle for more than 40 years, until in 1959, when the statue of the poet, modelled by the Romanian sculptor Romulus Ladea (1901-1970), was inaugurated in place of the former statue. It was cast in the factory of the Fine Arts Fund in Bucharest. The statue stood there until 2006, when it was removed and its pedestal dismantled, on the pretext of ground soaking and the weakening of the castle walls, with the promise that it would be erected elsewhere in the town. This was to wait until the summer of 2013, when it was ceremoniously unveiled in a small park between the Roman Catholic church of St Joseph and the Bastion of the Bootmakers.

Bust of Blessed Bishop Apor Vilmos
Originally:
statue / memorial / relief
Currently:
statue / memorial / relief
Visit
Bust of Blessed Bishop Apor Vilmos
History

Apor Vilmos (1892-1945) was born on 29 February 1892 in the northern wing of the nearby former county hall (now the Town Hall). Although Apor Vilmos's family, of baronial rank, originated in Háromszék (Székelyland), he was a native of Segesvár, as his father Baron Apor Gábor (1851-1898) was the ispán of Nagy-Küküllő County. The lawyer father, as a large landowner in Torja, built a resort at the spa below Bálványos Castle (in Háromszék), thus creating the famous Bálványosfürdő.

Apor Vilmos was appointed bishop of Győr on 21 January 1941. On 28 March 1945 (Good Wednesday) the Soviet siege of Győr began. The bishop took in all the refugees, and hundreds of people found shelter in the cellars of the Bishop's Castle. He celebrated his last mass here on Holy Thursday. On 30 March, after refusing to hand over women who had fled to his residence, he was shot dead by a Soviet soldier. The bust of Bishop Apor Vilmos was unveiled on 28 August 1993. It is the work of Hunyadi László. The martyred bishop was beatified on 9 November 1997 by Pope John Paul II in St Peter's Square in Rome.

Plaque of Blessed Bishop Apor Vilmos
Originally:
plaque
Currently:
plaque
Visit
Plaque of Blessed Bishop Apor Vilmos
History

The memorial plaque is on the wall of the former country hall (now the Town Hall), where Apor Vilmos (1892-1945) was born on 29 February 1892.

Although Apor Vilmos's family, of baronial rank, originated in Háromszék (Székelyland), he was a native of Segesvár, as his father Baron Apor Gábor (1851-1898) was the ispán of Nagy-Küküllő County. The lawyer father, as a large landowner in Torja, built a resort at the spa below Bálványos Castle (in Háromszék), thus creating the famous Bálványosfürdő.

Apor Vilmos was appointed bishop of Győr on 21 January 1941. On 28 March 1945 (Good Wednesday) the Soviet siege of Győr began. The bishop took in all the refugees, and hundreds of people found shelter in the cellars of the Bishop's Castle. He celebrated his last mass here on Holy Thursday. On 30 March, after refusing to hand over women who had fled to his residence, he was shot dead by a Soviet soldier.

The memorial plaque to Bishop Apor Vilmos was unveiled on 4 November 2007. It is the work of Hunyadi László.

Museums and Galleries
Clock Tower, History Museum
Turnul cu Ceas
Segesvár - Felsőváros - Óra-torony - panoramio (1)
h_laca, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
municipal tower / fire tower, town hall
Currently:
museum
Visit
Clock Tower, History Museum
History

The gate tower is the main entrance to the castle, the eastern gate separating the Lower Town from the Upper Town. Unlike the other towers, it was not defended by the guilds but by the town's military. It was originally built in the 14th century. Until 1556 the town council met in the hall on the first floor. The tower housed the town treasury, archives and the ammunition store. It was rebuilt in 1677 after a fire the previous year, when it was given a baroque roof.

In 1604, the tower was given the name Stundturm (Clock Tower), after a wooden clockwork was installed in it. In 1648, the clockwork and dial were replaced, and it was at this time that master Johann Kirschel installed the figures (silver statues of the 12 apostles) that circulated at each hour. The clockwork was destroyed by fire in 1676 and replaced by a new one.

In 1704, during the Hungarian war of independence, the kuruc insurgents attacked the town and their cannons hit the weathervane on top of the tower and the crescent moon, a symbol of Turkish vassalage. In 1774 the crescent moon was replaced by a two-headed eagle, the symbol of the Habsburgs.

During the 1894 restoration, the tower was covered with coloured tiles. In 1899, the building was converted into a museum of the town's history. In 1906, the clock was restored and since 1964 it has been powered by an electric motor. The tower is 64 metres high.

The tower now houses a museum. In Budapest, the Apostles' Tower in Vajdahunyad Castle, made for the Millennium of Hungary, is reminiscent of the clock tower in Segesvár.

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The Transylvanian Saxons owed their extensive liberties and autonomy to King Andrew II of Hungary. Segesv\u00e1r was raised to the rank of free royal town by King Louis I of Hungary in 1367. The Romanians believe that their national hero Vlad Tepes was born in the town, but there is no evidence that he ever visited the town. The Saxons have always supported the Habsburgs against the Hungarians' efforts for regaining their independence. The great poet of the Hungarian War of Independence, Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor, disappeared without a trace in the battle near the town. He probably fell victim to the Cossack cavalry of the Russian army. After the defeat of the War of Independence, the Habsburg court abolished the autonomy of the Transylvanian Saxons who had supported them. This was later restored, but was finally abolished with the modernisation of the public administration after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise. Segesv\u00e1r then became the seat of Nagy-K\u00fck\u00fcll\u0151 County. The fate of the Transylvanian Saxons was brought about by the Romanian occupation. Romania, in addition to failing to restore Saxon autonomy, confiscated the vast estates of the Saxon community. The majority of the Saxons, who had been left in a hopeless situation, emigrated to Germany in exchange for ransom during the Ceau\u0219escu era. Segesv\u00e1r is one of the most beautiful Transylvanian Saxon towns, worth a visit for its medieval churches and well-preserved fortifications.","nameorigin":"","history":"Ancient times|The Roman military outpost called Stenarum stood on the site on the present day settlement. Later Bulgarians lived in the neighbourhood.@#1|@after 895|The archaeological finds of a cemetery prove, that Hungarians established a small settlement in this area.@#3|@1141-1161|During the reign of King G\u00e9za II of Hungary, German, Flemish and in smaller numbers also Walloon settlers arrived in southern Transylvania. The settlers probably came after the second crusade crossed Hungary in 1147. People who couldn\u2019t count on inheriting land in their homeland came from the territory of the dioceses of Cologne and Trier. They were granted new home in Hungary on lands that had recently become desolate after the Sz\u00e9kely border guards living there had been relocated to the area of H\u00e1romsz\u00e9k by order of the king. These settlers were later called collectively Saxons, which does not mean that they came from Saxony.@between 1141 and 1161|King G\u00e9za II of Hungary settled Saxons in the area. It became the centre of a Saxon seat. Seats were the special administrative units of the Saxons.@1191|The construction of a wooden castle started in the settlement.@1224|King Andrew II of Hungary issued the Andreanum, the golden charter of freedoms of the Transylvanian Saxons (goldener Freibrief). This recognized the Saxons as collective legal entity, removed them from the jurisdiction of the royal isp\u00e1ns (the leaders of the counties), and placed the newly appointed isp\u00e1n of Szeben over them. The territory inhabited by the Saxons became their own property, and they were legally equal. If the owner of the land died without inheritors, the property reverted to the community and not the king. The Saxons elected their own superiors and priests. Their leader, the isp\u00e1n of Szeben, also called Count of the Saxons (comes Saxonum), was appointed by the king, but after 1486 they could choose the count themselves. Saxons were allowed to hold fairs and trade freely. Their land was called King's Land (Kir\u00e1lyf\u00f6ld, Fundus Regius, K\u00f6nigsboden). Saxons had the most rights in Hungary, they were actually exempted from feudalism.@#5|@1241|The wooden castle was destroyed by the Mongol invaders. After that, the upper part of the Castle Hill was gradually fortified with walls and towers.@1280|The Castrum Sex (Saxon Castle) was mentioned, which probably referred to the rudimentary fortification of the Upper Town.@1282|The settlement was called Scha\u00e4sburg. It became a settlement of considerable size by the end of the 13th century.@1300|The settlement was called Segusvar. The ancient Hungarian noun seg or s\u00e9g meant hillock. The first component of the settlement\u2019s name comes from this word and the additional \u2019es\u2019 affix, the second component, the \u2019v\u00e1r\u2019 noun, means castle. The Romanian name of the settlement comes form the Hungarian name.@#6|@1350|The construction of the castle church started on the site of a 12th century chapel. It was reconstructed between 1428 and 1488.@1367|King Louis I of Hungary raised Segesv\u00e1r to the rank of free royal town.@1431|According to the Romanian tradition, Vlad Tepes was born in Segesv\u00e1r, but it is likely that he never stayed in the town. The father of Vlad Tepes fled to Hungary after he was exiled from Wallachia by the boyars seeking the favour of the Turks. His name was also Vlad, and he got the epithet Dracul (meaning Dragon), after King Sigismund of Hungary admitted him to the ranks of the Order of the Dragon, which was established by the king in 1408. His son, Vlad, ascended to the throne of Wallachia in 1456. His epithet Drakula meant \u2019the son of Dracul\u2019. He stopped paying tribute to the Turks in 1459 and made an alliance with King Matthias of Hungary. The Sultan sent Bey Hamza against him, but he impaled the bey, then launched a campaign in which he slaughtered 38 thousand Turks and Bulgarians. His capital, Targoviste, was surrounded with a forest of stakes. His younger brother Radu drove him away with Turkish help in 1462. Dracula fled to Hungary, where he was captured by order of King Matthias, who had previously made an agreement with Radu. In 1476, Dracula took back the power in Wallachia with the help of the Hungarian army of B\u00e1thory Istv\u00e1n, vajda of Transylvania. But since he couldn\u2019t gain enough support in his homeland, he was killed by the Turks as soon as the Hungarian army left Wallachia. Vlad Tepes aka Drakula punished the smallest theft with impalement, but he was fond of dismemberment and flaying (skinning) either. He persecuted especially the Saxons, who got rich from trading. He captured them during his raids in Transylvania, took them to Wallachia and impaled them. But Vlad didn\u2019t like beggars either. Legend has it, that one day he invited the poor people of Targoviste for dinner, and then he set the hall on fire. Vlad Tepes is incredibly popular in Romania, and is venerated as a national hero, but anyway, most of the Romanian heroes were like him.@1437|The three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Sz\u00e9kelys and the Saxons) formed an alliance in K\u00e1polna (Union of K\u00e1polna). This union gained its true significance after 1570, when Transylvania became an independent principality due to the Turkish conquest of central Hungary. These three nations were represented in the Transylvanian Diet, and they elected the prince. Vlach migrants (mostly shepherds and peasants) were a small minority at the time and were excluded from the political power just like Hungarian peasants. According to the agreement, the Saxon fortified churches were opened for the non-Saxon population of the neighbourhood as well in times of danger. This was a great concession, because only Saxons (and not even Hungarian nobles) could acquire land and purchase house in King's Land. Only Saxon monks could live in their monasteries and Saxons were strictly forbidden by their priests to adopt Hungarian customs, dress and hairstyle. The Transylvanian Saxons were never integrated into the Hungarian community that welcomed them and gave them so many privileges, and they never had any inclination to do so.@1438|The castle was plundered by the Turks, but it was restored in the 16th century.@1467|King Matthias of Hungary extended the tax of the royal treasury (tributum fisci regalis) and the Crown\u2019s customs (vectigal coronae) to Transylvania as well. An uprising broke out and they wanted to put vajda Szentgy\u00f6rgyi J\u00e1nos of Transylvania on the throne. King Matthias quickly marched into Transylvania with his army, and the conspirators surrendered without any resistance. Szentgy\u00f6rgyi pleaded for mercy and was pardoned, but was removed from his position. Segesv\u00e1r also took part in the conspiracy, but the king granted the town mercy.@1486|King Matthias of Hungary confirmed the autonomy of the Saxons. The Transylvanian Saxon Universality (universitas saxonum) was established, which was the official body of self-governance of the Saxons. It had administrative, legislative and judicial powers and was only subordinate to the King of Hungary. Saxons could only be judged by the Saxon Universality. It had the right to elect the Count of the Saxons from among the 12 members of the town council of Nagyszeben. The official language of the Saxon Universality was German, while the official language of Hungary was Latin.@1506|The union of the three nations was confirmed in Segesv\u00e1r.@1513|King Ul\u00e1szl\u00f3 II of Hungay exempted those who moved to the town from taxation for seven years in order to increase Segesv\u00e1r\u2019s population.@#8|@1529|The army of King John I of Hungary appeared before the walls of the town in order to enforce the town\u2019s loyalty, which supported King Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg.@#9|@1544|The town converted to Protestantism.@April, 1562|The Sz\u00e9kely assembly in Sz\u00e9kelyudvarhely organized the armed rebellion against King John II of Hungary in order to restore their privileges abolished by the king. The plan was that the Habsburg emperor would support their rebellion from outside. The captain of Hadad Castle, Sulyok Gy\u00f6rgy, defected to King Ferdinand I, so the Transylvanian army of King John II besieged the castle. An army of Germans and Hungarians, led by Balassa Menyh\u00e1rt, who had defected earlier, and Zay Ferenc, the captain of the Upper Hungary, set out to liberate the castle.@March 4, 1562|Balassa Menyh\u00e1rt and Zay Ferenc, Captain of Upper Hungary, defeated the Transylvanian army led by B\u00e1thory Istv\u00e1n, Captain of V\u00e1rad, in the Battle of Hadad. The Transylvanian defeat was caused by the fact that the vanguard led by N\u00e9methi Ferenc, against the orders of King John II, engaged the larger enemy army in battle prematurely. King John II was rescued by the armies of the pashas of Temesv\u00e1r and Buda, who attacked Balassa's army and pushed it back to Szatm\u00e1r, but Hadad remained in Ferdinand's hands.@June 20, 1562|The army of King John II defeated the Sz\u00e9kely rebels along the Ny\u00e1r\u00e1d River between Vaja and Kisg\u00f6rg\u00e9ny. The leaders were impaled by a decision of the Diet of Segesv\u00e1r.@1562|26 leaders of the Sz\u00e9kely uprising were executed in the market square after the country assembly held in the town. The low ranking Sz\u00e9kelys rose up against King John II, who heavily restricted their privileges. The uprising was suppressed by Rad\u00e1k L\u00e1szl\u00f3, the commander of the royal army. After that, John II turned the Sz\u00e9kelys of the third, lowest, rank into serfs and donated their lands at the country assembly held in Segesv\u00e1r. He also extended the ius regium to all the Sz\u00e9kelys, which meant that the lands of the Sz\u00e9kelys without heritor were inherited by the treasury and not the community.@#10|@#12|@October 17, 1599|Instigated by Emperor Rudolf, Voivode Mihai (Viteazul) of Wallachia broke into Transylvania through the Bodza Pass, after Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond, contrary to his promise, hand over power over Transylvania to his cousin Cardinal B\u00e1thory Andr\u00e1s instead of Emperor Rudolf. Voivode Mihai sided with the Sz\u00e9kelys, who were dissatisfied with the B\u00e1thory dynasty, by promising to restore their rights, and with their help he defeated the army of Prince B\u00e1thory Andr\u00e1s at Sellenberk on 28 October.@November 1, 1599|Voivode Mihai Viteazul of Wallachia marched into Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, the capitol of Transylvania, and took over power as governor appointed by Emperor Rudolf. But soon he started to act on his own behalf and introduced a reign of terror. He arbitrarily appointed Wallachian boyars to every position, looted the treasury and his unpaid mercenaries plundered and murdered throughout the land. The Vlach peasants rose up and started to exterminate Hungarian and Saxon population in Transylvania, which had a Hungarian majority at that time.@1600|The army of Voivode Mihai Viteazul of Wallachia, then the imperial army of General Basta occupied the town.@September 18, 1600|Voivode Mihai of Wallachia was defeated in the battle of Miriszl\u00f3 and driven out by the combined armies of the Transylvanian nobility led by B\u00e1thory Zsigmond and General Basta\u2019s imperial mercenaries. At the beginning of next year, the Estates of Transylvanian broke with the Emperor and B\u00e1thory Zsigmond was elected prince once more.@August 3, 1601|The combined armies of General Basta and Voivode Mihai of Wallachia defeated the Transylvanian army of Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond in the battle of Goroszl\u00f3. After that, the army of Voivode Mihai sacked and burned the towns of Torda, Nagyenyed and Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, where they robbed the tombs of the Hunyadi family, King John II of Hungary and his mother Queen Isabella. Then, on 19 August, Voivode Mihai was assassinated by the mercenaries of General Basta, because Mihai tried to usurp the throne of Transylvania once again. Genral Basta also introduced a reign of terror in Transylvania and let his mercenaries ravage freely throughout the land.@August, 1601|The imperial mercenaries of General Basta forced the town to pay tribute.@August 31, 1601|Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond marched from Moldavia to Brass\u00f3 with the Sz\u00e9kelys who joined him, and won the support of the Sultan. General Basta, which was preparing to besiege Brass\u00f3, fled at the news of the arrival of Turkish reinforcements, leaving the cannons behind. B\u00e1thory marched into the capitol, Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, but he, instigated by the Jesuits, soon made a truce with Basta and moved his seat back to Brass\u00f3 in 1602.@December, 1601|The army of Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond captured the town with a trick.@July 2, 1602|General Giorgio Basta defeated the army of Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes at T\u00f6vis. Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes became the leader of the Transylvanian uprising against the Habsburg Empire after the battle of Goroszl\u00f3. Basta took control of Transylvania once again and started a bloody extermination campaign against the Hungarians.@1603|General Basta left Transylvania with his imperial army. Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes set out from Temesv\u00e1r with Sz\u00e9kely and Turkish armies to liberate Transylvania. The estates of Transylvania, having enough of Basta\u2019s terror, welcomed him in Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r and elected him Prince of Transylvania on 9 May. The Habsburgs mobilized their vassal, Voivode Radu Serban of Wallachia, who attacked the camp of Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes at Brass\u00f3 at night on 17 July. The Prince was killed and General Basta returned to Transylvania.@1603|The town surrendered to Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes and his Turkish and Tatar auxiliaries.@#13|@1605|The hajd\u00fa warriors of Bocskai Istv\u00e1n, who rose up against the Habsburg tyranny, marched into the town.@#14|@1606\u20131666|The records kept by Georg Kraus, the notary of the town, make an important source of the history of Transylvania.@#15|@#16|@December 1, 1630|R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy I was elected Prince of Transylvania in Segesv\u00e1r.@#17|@#18|@1646|Plague decimated the population.@1657|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Krak\u00f3w and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.@November 2, 1657|Rh\u00e9dey Ferenc was elected Prince of Transylvania in Segesv\u00e1r.@1658|The Tartars ravaged and plundered throughout Transylvania and Grand Vizier K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc Mehmed captured Jen\u0151 Castle. The Estates of Transylvania sent Barcsay \u00c1kos to the camp of the grand vizier to beg for mercy. In return, the Grand Vizier demanded that the annual tax be raised from 15 to 40 thousand forints (gold coins) and that Lugos and Karansebes be ceded. This was the price for the Turks to leave Transylvania. The grand vizier appointed Barcsay prince on 14 September.@October 7, 1658|Barcsay \u00c1kos was elected Prince of Transylvania in Segesv\u00e1r.@1659|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II returned to Transylvania and forced Barcsay \u00c1kos to retreat to Szeben and besieged him.@May 22, 1660|In the battle of S\u00e1szfenes, Pasha Shejdi Ahmed of Buda defeated R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II, who lost his life. The Tatar armies invaded Transylvania for the second time.@November 1660|Kem\u00e9ny J\u00e1nos, the former commander of R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II, defeated the army of G\u00e1sp\u00e1r, the brother of Prince Barcsay Andr\u00e1s, at \u00d6rm\u00e9nyes. Barcsay G\u00e1sp\u00e1r fell in the battle. Then, on 31 December, Barcsay \u00c1kos renounced the throne. In 1661 Kem\u00e9ny J\u00e1nos had Barcsay \u00c1kos captured and murdered.@1661|The army of Pasha Seydi Ahmed of Buda marched into Transylvania, after the country assembly held in Beszterce on 23 April declared the independence of Transylvania from the Ottoman Empire and placed the country under the protection of Emperor Leopold I. On 14 September, Pasha Ali forced the country assembly to elect Apafi Mih\u00e1ly Prince of Transylvania in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely.@1662|Apafi Mih\u00e1ly retreated to Segesv\u00e1r and was beseaged by Kem\u00e9ny J\u00e1nos, who enjoyed the support of the Habsburgs. Lucky for him, Kem\u00e9ny J\u00e1nos was let down by the emperor and was defeated by the Turkish army of Pasha K\u00fccs\u00fck at Nagysz\u0151l\u0151s (next to Segesv\u00e1r) on 23 January, 1662. Kem\u00e9ny died in the battle.@1676|A fire devastated the town. According to contemporary sources, 624 houses burned down together with some of the churches and the fortifications.@#23|@#25|@#26|@from the early 18th century|The Saxon villages that were left desolate by the wars were repopulated by Vlach migrants from Wallachia. Vlachs appeared in the Saxon towns as well. This was the start of the process by the end of which Vlachs were in the majority in Transylvania instead of Hungarians.@#27|@1706|Pekri L\u0151rinc, one of the commanders of R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II, occupied the town, which was loyal to the Habsburgs. In order to prevent any further resistance, he blew up some of the defences. 5 out of the 14 bastions were destroyed, and the town lost its military significance once and for all.@1709|Plague decimated the population.@1788|A fire devastated the town.@1781|The decree of Emperor Joseph II introduced \u0022concivility\u0022, which allowed non-Saxons to settle and acquire property in King's Land.@1783|Emperor Joseph II abolished the Transylvanian Saxon Universality and the Saxon seats (traditional administrative units) were incorporated into the new county system. Joseph II, who was never crowned King of Hungary, thus he was called \u2019the king in hat\u2019, made German the official language of Hungary instead of Latin, which the Saxons protested against together with the Hungarian Estates.@1790|When Emperor Joseph II, the \u2019enlightened\u2019 absolute ruler of Hungary died, bonfires were lit throughout Transylvania and Hungarians and Saxons celebrated the repeal of his decrees as one. The Transylvanian Saxon Universality was restored, but the \u0022concivility\u0022, the decree that allowed non-Saxons to settle in the land of the Saxons was not withdrawn.@#28|@1848|The Transylvanian Saxons also voted in favour of the reunion with Hungary. However, during the Hungarian War of Independence, they supported the Habsburgs because of their German national consciousness and their loyalty to the Emperor.@1849|The Hungarian General Forr\u00f3 occupied the town, later General Bem J\u00f3zsef also marched into the town.@July 31, 1849|The battle of Segesv\u00e1r took place outside of the town. The Hungarian army of General Bem J\u00f3zsef was defeated by the twice as large Russian army of General L\u00fcderz. Nevertheless, Bem successfully prevented the Russians from advancing further towards Sz\u00e9kelyf\u00f6ld. The fleeing Hungarians were hunted down and killed by the Cossack cavalry, the great poet of the Hungarian revolution, Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor, probably died this way. In 1879, a memorial was raised in Feh\u00e9regyh\u00e1za, where the battle took place, to Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor, who disappeared in this battle for ever.@after 1849|After the fall of the Hungarian War of Independence, the Saxons\u2019 reward for supporting the Habsburgs against Hungary was that the Habsburg emperor abolished their autonomy and incorporated King's Land into the new centralized administrative system controlled from Vienna. The Count of the Saxons was removed, the locally elected magistrates were replaced by centrally assigned clerks and the Saxons lost their control over the judicial system as well.@1861|The October Diploma issued by Emperor Franz Joseph eased the absolutism and restored the autonomy of the Saxons. The old administrative system of King's Land was restored and the seat of Sz\u00e1szv\u00e1ros (Sz\u00e1szv\u00e1rossz\u00e9k) was resurrected for one and a half decades.@#30|@1876|Public administration was modernized and medieval structures were abolished in Hungary. The autonomy of the Saxons was abolished (as was that of the Hungarian Sz\u00e9kelys) and their seats were incorporated into the county system. King's Land had already lost its Saxon homogeneity (which was mainly due to low Saxon fertility) by that time making territorial autonomy redundant.@1876|The town became the seat of the newly created Nagy-K\u00fck\u00fcll\u0151 County after the Saxon seats were abolished together with all medieval administrative structures. The town was always famous for its craftsmanship. Its bronze smiths, pewtersmiths, carpenters, stonemasons, later its textile, ceramic and glass industries made the town famous.@after 1876|The Saxon Universality was transformed into a foundation to foster culture and education.@1910|The town had 11,587 inhabitants (5486 Germans, 3031 Vlachs and 2687 Hungarians).@#31|@1916|On 27 August, Romania declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and launched an attack against Hungary. This triggered a huge wave of refugees from Transylvania, as the population feared a repeat of the Romanian ethnic cleansing of 1848-49. The Saxon Arthur Arz von Straussenberg led the defence of Transylvania until the arrival of German reinforcement. Austro-Hungarian and German forces drove the invaders out of the country by mid-October and occupied Bucharest on 6 December. Romania surrendered and signed a peace treaty with the central powers on 7 May 1918 (Treaty of Bucharest).@1918|On 3 November, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy signed the Armistice of Padua. The already defeated Romania then declared war on Germany on 10 November, just one day before the Germans signed the armistice near Compi\u00e8gne. The Romanians then launched an offensive against Hungary, which had already unconditionally ceased fighting at the demand of the Entente. Romania was only recognised by the Entente powers as one of the victors of WWI only later.@#32|@January 8, 1919|In the shadow of Romanian occupation, the assembly of the Saxon delegates in Medgyes accepted the union with Romania with the promise of the restoration of Saxon autonomy. In 1910 only 231,000 Saxons lived in Transylvania.@#36|@1923|The Romanian government abolished all what remained of the Saxon autonomy. The vast estates of the Saxon Universality were confiscated, just like the lands of the Hungarian nobility and the historical churches, which almost exclusively financed Hungarian and Saxon education systems in Transylvania. Once again, Saxons were rewarded for betraying Hungary, though it depended by no means on their decision that Transylvania was united with Wallachia and Moldova, which was a decision similar to uniting Switzerland with Nigeria.@until 1941|As a result of the Romanian settlements, the Saxons lost their majority in every town. In desperation, the Saxons joined the SS en masse.@1944|The German high command ordered the evacuation of King's Land, just like East Prussia, but the majority stayed in their homeland. Romania betrayed their allies and sided with the Soviet Union, as soon as the first Soviet forces reached their eastern borders. After that, Saxons were also obliged to enlist in the Romanian army. Soviets despised the traitors, so they sent the Romanians to the front line to catch the bullet, which meant that Saxons had to fight against Saxons.@1950s|Illegal emigration to Germany began with the bribery of state employees. The Romanian secret service, the Securitate and the Directorate for Foreign Intelligence (DIE) became aware of the process and wanted to turn it to their own advantage.@from 1962|The state-coordinated sale of German nationalities in Romania has been launched. The so called \u2019products\u2019 were divided into four categories with different prices. For example West Germany had to pay 11,000 marks for a highly qualified person, while a student could be ransomed for only 1,800 marks.@from 1970|Romania made the process more democratic, because the FRG had to pay a uniform 8,000 marks for each German. This was the price of the one-way visa to West Germany.@from 1982|The price increased, because West Germany had to reimburse also the money the high quality education system of Romania spent on the German people wishing to leave the country. Moreover, the emigrants had to sign a declaration that they would leave their assets to the Romanian state. West Germany was allowed to pay in kind as well. For example, when the Germans said that they could only supply Volkswagen cars, the Romanians said that they would prefer Mercedes cars, but were willing to wait.@until 1990|Approximately 250 to 400 thousand Germans were ransomed to West Germany together with the Swabians that lived in the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g (Banat). Seeing the success of the deal, the Romanians also started selling Jews to Israel, and eventually they sold literally anyone, who had someone to pay the ransom.@1991-1992|With the opening of the borders, 75,000 of the remaining 95,000 Transylvanian Saxons emigrated to Germany voluntarily, leaving ghost villages behind. Those few that remained became more Romanian than Romanians, just as the example of the \u2019liberal\u2019 President of Romania, Klaus Iohannis shows, who took political advantage by accusing the \u2019social democrats\u2019 of wanting to hand over Transylvania to the Hungarians. This describes political conditions in Romania and the mental state of an average Romanian quite well.@1999|Segesv\u00e1r\u2019s historic town centre became part of the World Heritage.@2002|7.2 million people lived in Transylvania, including 1.42 million Hungarians. There were 1.65 million Hungarians out of 5.2 million in 1910. The proportion of the Romanians increased from 53.78% to 74.69%, while the proportion of the Hungarians decreased from 31.64% to 19.6%. The proportion of the Germans dropped from 10.75% to below 1%. These changes were mainly the results of migration and the persecution of Hungarians and Saxons. Transylvania here refers to the entire territory that once belonged to Hungary, which is much larger than historical Transylvania.&pangea.blog.hu: Az erd\u00e9lyi sz\u00e1sz etnikai t\u00e9rszerkezet kialakul\u00e1sa|https:\/\/pangea.blog.hu\/2014\/12\/03\/erdelyi_szasz_etnikai_terszerkezet_kialakulasa\npangea.blog.hu: Az erd\u00e9lyi sz\u00e1sz etnikai t\u00e9rszerkezet megsemmis\u00fcl\u00e9se|https:\/\/pangea.blog.hu\/2014\/12\/31\/az_erdelyi_szasz_etnikai_terszerkezet_megsemmisulese"},"sights":[{"sightId":2260,"townId":84,"active":2,"name_LO":"Biserica din Deal (Sf. Nicolae)","address":"","mapdata":"1|1242|1678","gps_lat":"46.2176557190","gps_long":"24.7905114038","religion":3,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Evangelikus-templom-Segesvar-859","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Cezar Suceveanu, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_din_deal_din_Sighisoara4.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Biserica din deal din Sighisoara4\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/94\/Biserica_din_deal_din_Sighisoara4.JPG\/512px-Biserica_din_deal_din_Sighisoara4.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_din_deal_din_Sighisoara4.JPG\u0022\u003ECezar Suceveanu\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"St. Nicholas Lutheran Castle Church","seolink":"st-nicholas-lutheran-castle-church","note":"","history":"The church (Bergkirche) was built by the Dominicans in the 13th century, but in the middle of the 14th century the Saxons started to build a new Gothic church in the place of the old Romanesque church. In 1345 the church, which was under construction, was mentioned in a charter of King Louis I of Hungary (Louis the Great). The nave was completed in 1429 and the tower was added in 1463. The paintings in the sanctuary and the triumphal arch date from 1488 and are the work of Master B\u00e1lint. The wing altar of St. Martin dates from 1520. Its 16th century Renaissance furnishings are the work of Johannes Reychmuth. It was awarded the Europa Nostra Prize for its restoration and strengthening of the supporting structure between 1991 and 1999."},{"sightId":2261,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Capela Cimitirului","address":"","mapdata":"1|1204|1735","gps_lat":"46.2173016390","gps_long":"24.7901918012","religion":3,"oldtype":"2","newtype":"2","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Cezar Suceveanu, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_din_deal_din_Sighisoara12.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Biserica din deal din Sighisoara12\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1d\/Biserica_din_deal_din_Sighisoara12.JPG\/512px-Biserica_din_deal_din_Sighisoara12.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_din_deal_din_Sighisoara12.JPG\u0022\u003ECezar Suceveanu\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Cemetery Chapel","seolink":"cemetery-chapel","note":"","history":"Next to the castle church, on the site of the former goldsmiths' tower, stands a cemetery chapel built in the 19th century. The tower was demolished after it was badly damaged by a lightning strike in 1890."},{"sightId":2262,"townId":84,"active":2,"name_LO":"Biserica M\u0103n\u0103stirii","address":"","mapdata":"1|1573|1334","gps_lat":"46.2196920774","gps_long":"24.7934530876","religion":3,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Domonkos-templom-Segesvar-878","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022h_laca, CC BY 3.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Segesv%C3%A1r_-_Fels%C5%91v%C3%A1ros_-_Kolostortemplom_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Segesv\u00e1r - Fels\u0151v\u00e1ros - Kolostortemplom - panoramio\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Segesv%C3%A1r_-_Fels%C5%91v%C3%A1ros_-_Kolostortemplom_-_panoramio.jpg\/512px-Segesv%C3%A1r_-_Fels%C5%91v%C3%A1ros_-_Kolostortemplom_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Segesv%C3%A1r_-_Fels%C5%91v%C3%A1ros_-_Kolostortemplom_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003Eh_laca\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Virgin Mary Monastery Church, Klosterkirche","seolink":"virgin-mary-monastery-church-klosterkirche","note":"","history":"The church was built between 1484 and 1515 in Gothic style on the site of the 16th-century Dominican monastery. A source from 1298 attests to the existence of the Dominican church. The church contains a bronze baptismal font from 1440, a collection of 35 oriental carpets from the 13th century and a Baroque altar from 1680. In 1556 the Dominicans left the town, which joined the Reformation. In 1676, it was damaged by fire and its roof burnt down. Then the present ridge turret was built and the church got new Baroque style furnishings. The former monastery was demolished in 1886. The carvings of the altar and the organ were made by Johann West, while the paintings were made by Jeremias Stranovius."},{"sightId":2263,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Catedrala Romano-Catolic\u0103 Sf.Iosif","address":"Strada Zidul Cet\u0103\u021bii","mapdata":"1|1506|1081","gps_lat":"46.2211443312","gps_long":"24.7927950873","religion":1,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"https:\/\/ersekseg.ro\/hu\/templom\/679","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Renardo la vulpo, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg,_katholische_Kirche_v_NO,_4.jpeg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Sch\u00e4\u00dfburg, katholische Kirche v NO, 4\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/29\/Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg%2C_katholische_Kirche_v_NO%2C_4.jpeg\/512px-Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg%2C_katholische_Kirche_v_NO%2C_4.jpeg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg,_katholische_Kirche_v_NO,_4.jpeg\u0022\u003ERenardo la vulpo\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"St. Joseph Roman Catholic Church","seolink":"st-joseph-roman-catholic-church","note":"","history":"The foundation of the parish is dated to 1143. The Pope granted an indulgence for the first church in 1298. This church was probably built on the castle hill. At the time of the Reformation, the castle had four churches. Of these, one was the church on the hill, another may have been next to the covered staircase (its exposed ruins date from the 14th century), the third was a monastery church of the Dominicans, which already existed in 1298, and the fourth was a small Gothic church belonging to the Dominican nuns. During the Reformation, the Saxon population of the town became Lutheran and the Dominicans had to leave the town. The revival of the Catholic faith began in 1702, when a Franciscan monk came to Segesv\u00e1r, preaching in the open air and initially living in a plank hut. In 1723, the Franciscan monks received the former small church of the Dominican nuns and the adjoining convent house. The present parish was built in 1892, the church - with its predecessor and a nearby bastion completely demolished - was begun in 1895 in the eclectic style and consecrated by Bishop L\u00f6nhart Ferenc on 4 October 1896."},{"sightId":2264,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Biserica Sf\u00e2ntul Spirit","address":"Strada \u0218tefan cel Mare 34","mapdata":"1|1113|427","gps_lat":"46.2249681639","gps_long":"24.7894327358","religion":4,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"http:\/\/www.bru.ro\/blaj\/anul-familiei-si-al-sfintei-taine-a-casatoriei-la-sighisoara\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022\u021aetcu Mircea Rare\u0219, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_leprosilor_din_Sighisoara.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Biserica leprosilor din Sighisoara\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/68\/Biserica_leprosilor_din_Sighisoara.jpg\/512px-Biserica_leprosilor_din_Sighisoara.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_leprosilor_din_Sighisoara.jpg\u0022\u003E\u021aetcu Mircea Rare\u0219\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Church of the Lepers, Holy Spirit Church","seolink":"church-of-the-lepers-holy-spirit-church","note":"","history":"Located outside the town walls, it was built in the 15th century. It was part of a complex of buildings outside the town walls on the banks of the K\u00fck\u00fcll\u0151 River, which included a school, a teachers' house, a hospital for lepers and a church. Lepers were not allowed to enter the church, but the priest went out to them to preach from the pulpit on the outside wall of the church. The pulpit was not used from 1684 and the hospital was demolished at the end of the 19th century when the railway was built.\n&\nwelcometoromania.eu: Segesv\u00e1r, Lepr\u00e1sok temploma|https:\/\/www.welcometoromania.eu\/Sighisoara\/Sighisoara_Biserica_Leprosilor_m.htm"},{"sightId":2265,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Biserica Reformat\u0103","address":"Strada Gheorghe Laz\u0103r","mapdata":"1|2183|965","gps_lat":"46.2218581004","gps_long":"24.7986440902","religion":2,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"https:\/\/kukulloieme.ro\/segesvar\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Renardo la vulpo, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg,_reformierte_Kirche,_2.jpeg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Sch\u00e4\u00dfburg, reformierte Kirche, 2\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/27\/Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg%2C_reformierte_Kirche%2C_2.jpeg\/256px-Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg%2C_reformierte_Kirche%2C_2.jpeg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg,_reformierte_Kirche,_2.jpeg\u0022\u003ERenardo la vulpo\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Calvinist Church","seolink":"calvinist-church","note":"","history":"The plans of the church were originally made by Alp\u00e1r Ign\u00e1c, but due to lack of funds they were changed and the foundations of a smaller church were laid on 8 June 1888, which was consecrated a year later. In 1894, the congregation built a new parish house next to the church, and then a denominational school with several classrooms."},{"sightId":2266,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Biserica Unitarian\u0103","address":"Strada G\u0103rii","mapdata":"1|1693|463","gps_lat":"46.2248115324","gps_long":"24.7944899683","religion":8,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Mister No, CC BY 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_Unitariana_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Biserica Unitariana - panoramio\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/72\/Biserica_Unitariana_-_panoramio.jpg\/512px-Biserica_Unitariana_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_Unitariana_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003EMister No\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Unitarian Church","seolink":"unitarian-church","note":"","history":"The church was built in 1936 for the Hungarian Unitarian faithful."},{"sightId":2267,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Biserica Intrarea Maicii Domnului \u00een Biseric\u0103 din Sighi\u0219oara","address":"Strada Ecaterina Varga 22","mapdata":"1|278|1219","gps_lat":"46.2203317120","gps_long":"24.7823275993","religion":5,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022\u021aetcu Mircea Rare\u0219, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Biserica_Intrarea_Maicii_Domnului_in_Biserica_din_Sighisoara_(1).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO MS Biserica Intrarea Maicii Domnului in Biserica din Sighisoara (1)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f9\/RO_MS_Biserica_Intrarea_Maicii_Domnului_in_Biserica_din_Sighisoara_%281%29.jpg\/512px-RO_MS_Biserica_Intrarea_Maicii_Domnului_in_Biserica_din_Sighisoara_%281%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_MS_Biserica_Intrarea_Maicii_Domnului_in_Biserica_din_Sighisoara_(1).jpg\u0022\u003E\u021aetcu Mircea Rare\u0219\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Mother of God Orthodox Church","seolink":"mother-of-god-orthodox-church","note":"","history":"The church was built between 1788 and 1797."},{"sightId":2268,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Biserica Sf\u00e2nta Treime","address":"Strada Andrei \u0218aguna","mapdata":"1|1863|967","gps_lat":"46.2219335866","gps_long":"24.7958690714","religion":5,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Robindechanoz, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Eglise_Orhodoxe_de_Sighisoara.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Eglise Orhodoxe de Sighisoara\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/46\/Eglise_Orhodoxe_de_Sighisoara.JPG\/512px-Eglise_Orhodoxe_de_Sighisoara.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Eglise_Orhodoxe_de_Sighisoara.JPG\u0022\u003ERobindechanoz\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Holy Trinity Orthodox Church","seolink":"holy-trinity-orthodox-church","note":"","history":"Built between 1934 and 1937."},{"sightId":2269,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Liceul Teoretic Joseph Haltrich Sighisoara","address":"Strada Sc\u0103rii 5-6","mapdata":"1|1340|1655","gps_lat":"46.2178190606","gps_long":"24.7914404608","religion":3,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"74","homepage":"https:\/\/www.liceulhaltrich.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Joseph-Haltrich-liceum-Segesvar-875","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Mister No, CC BY 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liceul_Teoretic_Joseph_Haltrich_Sighisoara_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Liceul Teoretic Joseph Haltrich Sighisoara - panoramio\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/65\/Liceul_Teoretic_Joseph_Haltrich_Sighisoara_-_panoramio.jpg\/512px-Liceul_Teoretic_Joseph_Haltrich_Sighisoara_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liceul_Teoretic_Joseph_Haltrich_Sighisoara_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003EMister No\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Lutheran Lyceum, Joseph Haltrich High School","seolink":"former-lutheran-lyceum-joseph-haltrich-high-school","note":"","history":"The lyceum was built between 1900 and 1901 in the Romantic style on the site of the old Baroque school building, partly from its materials. The construction of the Baroque school was begun in 1772, but there was also an earlier school building, and the Student Staircase was built in the mid-17th century to provide access to it. The school was first mentioned in sources in 1522, but may have existed as early as the 15th century. Today it bears the name of the former headmaster Josef Haltrich."},{"sightId":2270,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Turnul cu Ceas","address":"Strada Turnului","mapdata":"1|1559|1404","gps_lat":"46.2193137005","gps_long":"24.7933482294","religion":0,"oldtype":"25,12","newtype":"98","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Oras-torony-Segesvar-858","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022h_laca, CC BY 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Segesv%C3%A1r_-_Fels%C5%91v%C3%A1ros_-_%C3%93ra-torony_-_panoramio_(1).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Segesv\u00e1r - Fels\u0151v\u00e1ros - \u00d3ra-torony - panoramio (1)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/80\/Segesv%C3%A1r_-_Fels%C5%91v%C3%A1ros_-_%C3%93ra-torony_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg\/256px-Segesv%C3%A1r_-_Fels%C5%91v%C3%A1ros_-_%C3%93ra-torony_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Segesv%C3%A1r_-_Fels%C5%91v%C3%A1ros_-_%C3%93ra-torony_-_panoramio_(1).jpg\u0022\u003Eh_laca\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Clock Tower, History Museum","seolink":"clock-tower-history-museum","note":"","history":"The gate tower is the main entrance to the castle, the eastern gate separating the Lower Town from the Upper Town. Unlike the other towers, it was not defended by the guilds but by the town's military. It was originally built in the 14th century. Until 1556 the town council met in the hall on the first floor. The tower housed the town treasury, archives and the ammunition store. It was rebuilt in 1677 after a fire the previous year, when it was given a baroque roof.@\nIn 1604, the tower was given the name Stundturm (Clock Tower), after a wooden clockwork was installed in it. In 1648, the clockwork and dial were replaced, and it was at this time that master Johann Kirschel installed the figures (silver statues of the 12 apostles) that circulated at each hour. The clockwork was destroyed by fire in 1676 and replaced by a new one.@\nIn 1704, during the Hungarian war of independence, the kuruc insurgents attacked the town and their cannons hit the weathervane on top of the tower and the crescent moon, a symbol of Turkish vassalage. In 1774 the crescent moon was replaced by a two-headed eagle, the symbol of the Habsburgs.@\nDuring the 1894 restoration, the tower was covered with coloured tiles. In 1899, the building was converted into a museum of the town's history. In 1906, the clock was restored and since 1964 it has been powered by an electric motor. The tower is 64 metres high.@\nThe tower now houses a museum. In Budapest, the Apostles' Tower in Vajdahunyad Castle, made for the Millennium of Hungary, is reminiscent of the clock tower in Segesv\u00e1r. "},{"sightId":2271,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Turnul Cizmarilor","address":"","mapdata":"1|1403|1069","gps_lat":"46.2212664003","gps_long":"24.7920145256","religion":0,"oldtype":"24","newtype":"24","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Varoserodites-Segesvar-3282","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Cezar Suceveanu, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Turnul_Cizmarilor_din_Sighisoara3.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Turnul Cizmarilor din Sighisoara3\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/34\/Turnul_Cizmarilor_din_Sighisoara3.JPG\/512px-Turnul_Cizmarilor_din_Sighisoara3.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Turnul_Cizmarilor_din_Sighisoara3.JPG\u0022\u003ECezar Suceveanu\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Bootmaker's Tower","seolink":"bootmakers-tower","note":"","history":"The tower was built in 1521 and reinforced in 1603. In 1606, the tower, defended by the Guild of the Bootmakers, was partially damaged, but was rebuilt in 1650. It took its present form in 1681, after being rebuilt after the fire of 1676. Located at the northern end of the castle wall, it is the lowest tower of all.\n&\nwelcometoromania.eu: Segesv\u00e1r, Csizmadi\u00e1k tornya|https:\/\/www.welcometoromania.eu\/Sighisoara\/Sighisoara_Turnul_Cismarilor_m.htm"},{"sightId":2272,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Scara acoperit\u0103","address":"Scara \u015ecolarilor","mapdata":"1|1327|1530","gps_lat":"46.2184832732","gps_long":"24.7912998944","religion":0,"oldtype":"27","newtype":"27","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Diaklepcso-Segesvar-860","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Cezar Suceveanu, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Scara_acoperita_din_Sighisoara.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Scara acoperita din Sighisoara\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e5\/Scara_acoperita_din_Sighisoara.JPG\/512px-Scara_acoperita_din_Sighisoara.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Scara_acoperita_din_Sighisoara.JPG\u0022\u003ECezar Suceveanu\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Student's Stairs, Sch\u00fclertreppe","seolink":"students-stairs-schulertreppe","note":"","history":"The staircase was built in 1642. A covered staircase leads from the main square to the castle hill. It connected the upper town with the highest point on the castle hill, the school next to the Lutheran church, first mentioned in sources in 1522. The 1849 renovations left only 175 steps of the original 300.\n&\nwelcometoromania.eu: Segesv\u00e1r, Di\u00e1kl\u00e9pcs\u0151|https:\/\/www.welcometoromania.eu\/Sighisoara\/Sighisoara_Scara_acoperita_m.htm"},{"sightId":2273,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Turnul Fierarilor","address":"","mapdata":"1|1637|1358","gps_lat":"46.2195768275","gps_long":"24.7939584771","religion":0,"oldtype":"24","newtype":"24","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Varoserodites-Segesvar-3282","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Cezar Suceveanu, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Turnul_Fierarilor_din_Sighisoara2.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Turnul Fierarilor din Sighisoara2\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/83\/Turnul_Fierarilor_din_Sighisoara2.JPG\/512px-Turnul_Fierarilor_din_Sighisoara2.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Turnul_Fierarilor_din_Sighisoara2.JPG\u0022\u003ECezar Suceveanu\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Smith's Tower","seolink":"smiths-tower","note":"","history":"The tower was built in 1631 on the foundations of the former Barbers' Tower to protect the main thoroughfare. On the upper floor was the fire station. \n&\nwelcometoromania.eu: Segesv\u00e1r, Kov\u00e1csok tornya|https:\/\/www.welcometoromania.eu\/Sighisoara\/Sighisoara_Turnul_Fierarilor_m.htm"},{"sightId":2274,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Turnul Fr\u00e2nghierilor","address":"","mapdata":"1|1174|1666","gps_lat":"46.2177519532","gps_long":"24.7899569773","religion":0,"oldtype":"24","newtype":"24","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Varoserodites-Segesvar-3282","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Cezar Suceveanu, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Turnul_Franghierilor_din_Sighisoara4.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Turnul Franghierilor din Sighisoara4\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/39\/Turnul_Franghierilor_din_Sighisoara4.JPG\/512px-Turnul_Franghierilor_din_Sighisoara4.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Turnul_Franghierilor_din_Sighisoara4.JPG\u0022\u003ECezar Suceveanu\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Ropemaker's Tower","seolink":"ropemakers-tower","note":"","history":"It is the same age as the oldest walls of the castle. It was destroyed by the Mongols in 1241 but rebuilt in 1350. It was not affected by the fire of 1676. It is still inhabited today. It protected the rim of the hilltop, the wall rising here surrounded the hilltop church.\n&\nwelcometoromania.eu: Segesv\u00e1r, K\u00f6t\u00e9lver\u0151k tornya|https:\/\/www.welcometoromania.eu\/Sighisoara\/Sighisoara_Turnul_Franghierilor_m.htm"},{"sightId":2275,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Turnul M\u0103celarilor","address":"","mapdata":"1|1188|1496","gps_lat":"46.2187427615","gps_long":"24.7901044527","religion":0,"oldtype":"24","newtype":"24","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Varoserodites-Segesvar-3282","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Cezar Suceveanu, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Turnul_Macelarilor_din_Sighisoara.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Turnul Macelarilor din Sighisoara\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cc\/Turnul_Macelarilor_din_Sighisoara.JPG\/512px-Turnul_Macelarilor_din_Sighisoara.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Turnul_Macelarilor_din_Sighisoara.JPG\u0022\u003ECezar Suceveanu\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Butcher's Tower","seolink":"butchers-tower","note":"","history":"One of two towers built to protect the eastern T\u00f6rle Gate. It is from the 12th century, the upper two storeys were added in the 16th century, together with the cannon bastion in front of it.\n&\nwelcometoromania.eu: Segesv\u00e1r, M\u00e9sz\u00e1rosok tornya|https:\/\/www.welcometoromania.eu\/Sighisoara\/Sighisoara_Turnul_Macelarilor_m.htm"},{"sightId":2276,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Turnul Cojocarilor","address":"","mapdata":"1|1204|1446","gps_lat":"46.2190156016","gps_long":"24.7902196511","religion":0,"oldtype":"24","newtype":"24","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Varoserodites-Segesvar-3282","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Renardo la vulpo, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg,_T%C3%B6rle_beim_K%C3%BCrschnerturm,_2.jpeg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Sch\u00e4\u00dfburg, T\u00f6rle beim K\u00fcrschnerturm, 2\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1e\/Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg%2C_T%C3%B6rle_beim_K%C3%BCrschnerturm%2C_2.jpeg\/512px-Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg%2C_T%C3%B6rle_beim_K%C3%BCrschnerturm%2C_2.jpeg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg,_T%C3%B6rle_beim_K%C3%BCrschnerturm,_2.jpeg\u0022\u003ERenardo la vulpo\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Furrier's Tower","seolink":"furriers-tower","note":"","history":"One of the two towers built to protect the T\u00f6rle Gate on the east side. It was probably built in the 15th century and defended by a guild of furriers. It was repaired and enlarged after the fire of 1676.\n&\nwelcometoromania.eu: Segesv\u00e1r, Sz\u0171cs\u00f6k tornya|https:\/\/www.welcometoromania.eu\/Sighisoara\/Sighisoara_Turnul_Cojocarilor_m.htm"},{"sightId":2277,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Turnul Croitorilor","address":"Strada Zidul Cet\u0103\u0163ii","mapdata":"1|1316|1247","gps_lat":"46.2201958711","gps_long":"24.7912166410","religion":0,"oldtype":"24","newtype":"24","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Varoserodites-Segesvar-3282","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Pudelek (Marcin Szala), CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sighi%C5%9Foara_(Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg,_Segesv%C3%A1r)_-_The_Tower_of_Tailors.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Sighi\u015foara (Sch\u00e4\u00dfburg, Segesv\u00e1r) - The Tower of Tailors\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a1\/Sighi%C5%9Foara_%28Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg%2C_Segesv%C3%A1r%29_-_The_Tower_of_Tailors.JPG\/256px-Sighi%C5%9Foara_%28Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg%2C_Segesv%C3%A1r%29_-_The_Tower_of_Tailors.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sighi%C5%9Foara_(Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg,_Segesv%C3%A1r)_-_The_Tower_of_Tailors.JPG\u0022\u003EPudelek (Marcin Szala)\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Tailor's Tower","seolink":"tailors-tower","note":"","history":"The tower was built in the 14th century to defend the western gate of the town. It was fortified with a barbican. In the 1676 fire, the gunpowder stored in the upper storeys exploded. It was rebuilt in 1935, when it took on its present appearance.\n&\nwelcometoromania.eu: Segesv\u00e1r, Szab\u00f3k tornya|https:\/\/www.welcometoromania.eu\/Sighisoara\/Sighisoara_Turnul_Croitorilor_m.htm"},{"sightId":2278,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Turnul T\u0103b\u0103carilor","address":"","mapdata":"1|1475|1518","gps_lat":"46.2186009142","gps_long":"24.7925725028","religion":0,"oldtype":"24","newtype":"24","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Varoserodites-Segesvar-3282","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Vislupus, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sighi%C8%99oara_008_(cropped).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Sighi\u0219oara 008 (cropped)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Sighi%C8%99oara_008_%28cropped%29.jpg\/512px-Sighi%C8%99oara_008_%28cropped%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sighi%C8%99oara_008_(cropped).jpg\u0022\u003EVislupus\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Tanner's Tower","seolink":"tanners-tower","note":"","history":"The tower was built in the south-east of the castle around the 13th-14th centuries to protect the square of the Clock Tower.\n&\nwelcometoromania.eu: Segesv\u00e1r, T\u00edm\u00e1rok tornya|https:\/\/www.welcometoromania.eu\/Sighisoara\/Sighisoara_Turnul_Tabacarilor_m.htm"},{"sightId":2279,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Turnul Cositorarilor","address":"","mapdata":"1|1439|1582","gps_lat":"46.2182031056","gps_long":"24.7922440663","religion":0,"oldtype":"24","newtype":"24","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Varoserodites-Segesvar-3282","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Ana Grozea @ Jauntingtrips, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Turnul_Cositorarilor_Sighisoara.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Turnul Cositorarilor Sighisoara\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Turnul_Cositorarilor_Sighisoara.jpg\/512px-Turnul_Cositorarilor_Sighisoara.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Turnul_Cositorarilor_Sighisoara.jpg\u0022\u003EAna Grozea @ Jauntingtrips\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Tinsmith's Tower","seolink":"tinsmiths-tower","note":"","history":"The tower was built at the same time as the town wall. It was rebuilt in 1583. In front of it is the best preserved bastion.\n&\nwelcometoromania.eu: Segesv\u00e1r, \u00d3nm\u0171vesek tornya|https:\/\/www.welcometoromania.eu\/Sighisoara\/Sighisoara_Turnul_Cositorarilor_m.htm"},{"sightId":2280,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"","mapdata":"1|1194|1471","gps_lat":"46.2188700314","gps_long":"24.7901524836","religion":0,"oldtype":"23","newtype":"23","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Varoserodites-Segesvar-3282","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Renardo la vulpo, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg,_T%C3%B6rle_beim_K%C3%BCrschnerturm,_2.jpeg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Sch\u00e4\u00dfburg, T\u00f6rle beim K\u00fcrschnerturm, 2\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1e\/Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg%2C_T%C3%B6rle_beim_K%C3%BCrschnerturm%2C_2.jpeg\/512px-Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg%2C_T%C3%B6rle_beim_K%C3%BCrschnerturm%2C_2.jpeg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg,_T%C3%B6rle_beim_K%C3%BCrschnerturm,_2.jpeg\u0022\u003ERenardo la vulpo\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"T\u00f6rle Gate","seolink":"torle-gate","note":"","history":"It was a small gate for the sheep, which were herded behind the walls in case of danger."},{"sightId":2281,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Prim\u0103ria","mapdata":"1|1607|1249","gps_lat":"46.2202349949","gps_long":"24.7936679768","religion":0,"oldtype":"11","newtype":"12","homepage":"https:\/\/www.sighisoara.org.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022h_laca, CC BY 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Segesv%C3%A1r_-_Fels%C5%91v%C3%A1ros_-_az_egykori_V%C3%A1rmegyeh%C3%A1za_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Segesv\u00e1r - Fels\u0151v\u00e1ros - az egykori V\u00e1rmegyeh\u00e1za - panoramio\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3b\/Segesv%C3%A1r_-_Fels%C5%91v%C3%A1ros_-_az_egykori_V%C3%A1rmegyeh%C3%A1za_-_panoramio.jpg\/512px-Segesv%C3%A1r_-_Fels%C5%91v%C3%A1ros_-_az_egykori_V%C3%A1rmegyeh%C3%A1za_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Segesv%C3%A1r_-_Fels%C5%91v%C3%A1ros_-_az_egykori_V%C3%A1rmegyeh%C3%A1za_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003Eh_laca\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former County Hall, Town Hall","seolink":"former-county-hall-town-hall","note":"","history":"The old country hall was built between 1886 and 1888 in neo-Renaissance style. A plaque on the wall of the country hall proclaims that Blessed Bishop Apor Vilmos was born here."},{"sightId":2282,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Casa Vene\u021bian\u0103","address":"Pia\u021ba Muzeului","mapdata":"1|1514|1329","gps_lat":"46.2196608344","gps_long":"24.7928960689","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Cezar Suceveanu, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Casa_Venetiana_din_Sighisoara4.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Casa Venetiana din Sighisoara4\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e2\/Casa_Venetiana_din_Sighisoara4.JPG\/512px-Casa_Venetiana_din_Sighisoara4.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Casa_Venetiana_din_Sighisoara4.JPG\u0022\u003ECezar Suceveanu\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Venetian House","seolink":"venetian-house","note":"","history":"The was probably built in the early 17th century and restored in the 19th century in neo-Gothic style. It takes its name from the shape of its windows. Its most notable inhabitant was the town's mayor Stephanus Mann.\n&\nwelcometoromania.eu: Segesv\u00e1r, Velencei h\u00e1z|https:\/\/www.welcometoromania.eu\/Sighisoara\/Sighisoara_Casa_Venetiana_m.htm"},{"sightId":2283,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Casa cu Cerb","address":"Strada \u0218colii 1","mapdata":"1|1455|1323","gps_lat":"46.2197515910","gps_long":"24.7923967024","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"80","homepage":"http:\/\/www.casacucerb.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Mister No, CC BY 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Piata_Cetatii_-_panoramio_(1).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Piata Cetatii - panoramio (1)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/92\/Piata_Cetatii_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg\/512px-Piata_Cetatii_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Piata_Cetatii_-_panoramio_(1).jpg\u0022\u003EMister No\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"House with Stag","seolink":"house-with-stag","note":"","history":"The house was built in the 17th century and takes its name from the deer head on the corner of the house. It was renovated between 1988 and 2001. It is now a hotel.\n&\nwelcometoromania.eu: Segesv\u00e1r, Szarvasos h\u00e1z|https:\/\/www.welcometoromania.eu\/Sighisoara\/Sighisoara_Casa_Cerb_m.htm"},{"sightId":2284,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"Casa Vlad Dracul","address":"","mapdata":"1|1501|1363","gps_lat":"46.2195358068","gps_long":"24.7928668602","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"81","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Vlad-Dracul-haza-Segesvar-854","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Pivari.com, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Casa_natale_di_Vlad_III_di_Valacchia,_Sighi%C8%99oara.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Casa natale di Vlad III di Valacchia, Sighi\u0219oara\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2f\/Casa_natale_di_Vlad_III_di_Valacchia%2C_Sighi%C8%99oara.jpg\/512px-Casa_natale_di_Vlad_III_di_Valacchia%2C_Sighi%C8%99oara.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Casa_natale_di_Vlad_III_di_Valacchia,_Sighi%C8%99oara.jpg\u0022\u003EPivari.com\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"House of Vlad Dracul","seolink":"house-of-vlad-dracul","note":"","history":"The oldest burgher house in the town. It has a 14th century Gothic core. According to tradition, Vlad II lived in the house during his exile in Transylvania between 1431 and 1436. He used the name Dracul (Dragon) from 1431, when King Sigismund of Hungary made him a member of the Order of the Dragon in Nuremberg. The order was founded by Sigismund in 1408. Vlad II became prince of Wallachia in 1436. It is said that his son Vlad III, alias Vlad Tepes, alias Vlad Dracula (meaning son of Dracul), was born in this house. Vlad Dracula raided the territory of Hungary, especially the land of the Saxons, on several occasions and carried off Saxons, whom he then killed with selective cruelty, envious of their wealth acquired through trade. There is no evidence that the house had anything to do with his family.\n&\nwelcometoromania.eu: Segesv\u00e1r, Vlad Dracul h\u00e1z|https:\/\/www.welcometoromania.eu\/Sighisoara\/Sighisoara_Casa_Vlad_Dracul_m.htm"},{"sightId":2285,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor park","mapdata":"1|1458|1061","gps_lat":"46.2212485653","gps_long":"24.7924174936","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/31476\/petofi-sandor-mellszobra#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Bust of Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor","seolink":"bust-of-petofi-sandor","note":"","history":"The Hungarian revolutionary poet Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor died on 31 July 1849 in Feh\u00e9regyh\u00e1za, near Segesv\u00e1r. 48 years later, in 1897, his life-size statue, the work of K\u00f6ll\u0151 Mikl\u00f3s, was unveiled in front of the county hall (now the Town Hall) on the northeastern battlements of Segesv\u00e1r Castle. This statue was dismantled and transported to Budapest in the summer of 1916, during the flight from the Romanian invasion, and then erected in Kiskunf\u00e9legyh\u00e1za in the autumn of 1922, after the Trianon Dictate.@\nAfter that, Pet\u0151fi did not have a statue in Segesv\u00e1r Castle for more than 40 years, until in 1959, when the statue of the poet, modelled by the Romanian sculptor Romulus Ladea (1901-1970), was inaugurated in place of the former statue. It was cast in the factory of the Fine Arts Fund in Bucharest. The statue stood there until 2006, when it was removed and its pedestal dismantled, on the pretext of ground soaking and the weakening of the castle walls, with the promise that it would be erected elsewhere in the town. This was to wait until the summer of 2013, when it was ceremoniously unveiled in a small park between the Roman Catholic church of St Joseph and the Bastion of the Bootmakers."},{"sightId":2286,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"","mapdata":"1|1532|1098","gps_lat":"46.2211004948","gps_long":"24.7930334267","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/41624\/apor-vilmos#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Bust of Blessed Bishop Apor Vilmos","seolink":"bust-of-blessed-bishop-apor-vilmos","note":"","history":"Apor Vilmos (1892-1945) was born on 29 February 1892 in the northern wing of the nearby former county hall (now the Town Hall). Although Apor Vilmos's family, of baronial rank, originated in H\u00e1romsz\u00e9k (Sz\u00e9kelyland), he was a native of Segesv\u00e1r, as his father Baron Apor G\u00e1bor (1851-1898) was the isp\u00e1n of Nagy-K\u00fck\u00fcll\u0151 County. The lawyer father, as a large landowner in Torja, built a resort at the spa below B\u00e1lv\u00e1nyos Castle (in H\u00e1romsz\u00e9k), thus creating the famous B\u00e1lv\u00e1nyosf\u00fcrd\u0151.@\nApor Vilmos was appointed bishop of Gy\u0151r on 21 January 1941. On 28 March 1945 (Good Wednesday) the Soviet siege of Gy\u0151r began. The bishop took in all the refugees, and hundreds of people found shelter in the cellars of the Bishop's Castle. He celebrated his last mass here on Holy Thursday. On 30 March, after refusing to hand over women who had fled to his residence, he was shot dead by a Soviet soldier. The bust of Bishop Apor Vilmos was unveiled on 28 August 1993. It is the work of Hunyadi L\u00e1szl\u00f3. The martyred bishop was beatified on 9 November 1997 by Pope John Paul II in St Peter's Square in Rome."},{"sightId":2287,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Muzeului","mapdata":"1|1566|1209","gps_lat":"46.2204377410","gps_long":"24.7933461232","religion":0,"oldtype":"39","newtype":"39","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/34877\/apor-vilmos-emlektabla#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Plaque of Blessed Bishop Apor Vilmos","seolink":"plaque-of-blessed-bishop-apor-vilmos","note":"","history":"The memorial plaque is on the wall of the former country hall (now the Town Hall), where Apor Vilmos (1892-1945) was born on 29 February 1892. @\nAlthough Apor Vilmos's family, of baronial rank, originated in H\u00e1romsz\u00e9k (Sz\u00e9kelyland), he was a native of Segesv\u00e1r, as his father Baron Apor G\u00e1bor (1851-1898) was the isp\u00e1n of Nagy-K\u00fck\u00fcll\u0151 County. The lawyer father, as a large landowner in Torja, built a resort at the spa below B\u00e1lv\u00e1nyos Castle (in H\u00e1romsz\u00e9k), thus creating the famous B\u00e1lv\u00e1nyosf\u00fcrd\u0151.@\nApor Vilmos was appointed bishop of Gy\u0151r on 21 January 1941. On 28 March 1945 (Good Wednesday) the Soviet siege of Gy\u0151r began. The bishop took in all the refugees, and hundreds of people found shelter in the cellars of the Bishop's Castle. He celebrated his last mass here on Holy Thursday. On 30 March, after refusing to hand over women who had fled to his residence, he was shot dead by a Soviet soldier.@ \nThe memorial plaque to Bishop Apor Vilmos was unveiled on 4 November 2007. It is the work of Hunyadi L\u00e1szl\u00f3."},{"sightId":2513,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"","mapdata":"1|1536|1425","gps_lat":"46.2191162092","gps_long":"24.7931001372","religion":0,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"120","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Renardo la vulpo, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg,_Alberthaus_v_O,_1.jpeg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Sch\u00e4\u00dfburg, Alberthaus v O, 1\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/74\/Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg%2C_Alberthaus_v_O%2C_1.jpeg\/512px-Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg%2C_Alberthaus_v_O%2C_1.jpeg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg,_Alberthaus_v_O,_1.jpeg\u0022\u003ERenardo la vulpo\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Albert House, Albert-haus","seolink":"albert-house-albert-haus","note":"","history":"The dormitory of the school on the hill."},{"sightId":2514,"townId":84,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Tache Ionescu 11 B","mapdata":"1|1242|2193","gps_lat":"46.2145947161","gps_long":"24.7905653329","religion":6,"oldtype":"8","newtype":"8","homepage":"http:\/\/www.infosighisoara.ro\/obiective-turistice-sighisoara\/sinagoga-sighisoara","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Renardo la vulpo, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg,_Synagoge,_3.jpeg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Sch\u00e4\u00dfburg, Synagoge, 3\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f1\/Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg%2C_Synagoge%2C_3.jpeg\/512px-Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg%2C_Synagoge%2C_3.jpeg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sch%C3%A4%C3%9Fburg,_Synagoge,_3.jpeg\u0022\u003ERenardo la vulpo\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Synagogue","seolink":"synagogue","note":"","history":"The synagogue was built in 1903."}]},"language":"en","region":"romania","regionid":4,"offer":[],"gallery":false,"album":false}