Lugos
Lugoj
Lugos
Hungarian:
Lugos
Romanian:
Lugoj
German:
Lugosch
Radu Trifan, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Historical Hungarian county:
Krassó-Szörény
Country:
Romania
County:
Timiș
River:
Temes
Altitude:
124 m
GPS coordinates:
45.683295, 21.901588
Google map:
Population
Population:
39k
Hungarian:
6.98%
Population in 1910
| Total | 19818 |
|---|---|
| Hungarian | 34.69% |
| German | 31.03% |
| Vlach | 31.42% |
| Serbian | 1.14% |
The town was founded by the Hungarians and its name is of Hungarian origin. It was part of the Krassó County, founded by St. Stephen of Hungary. In the middle of the 14th century the first Vlach immigrants arrived from the Balkans. They settled around the castles and acted as border guards. Lugos became the seat of one of these Vlach districts. It was under the jurisdiction of the Banate of Szörény, which was part of Hungary. From 1438, Hunyadi János held the office of the ban of Szörény and built a stone castle in the town. During the reign of King Matthias it belonged to the Temes County. In the 16th century, it became one of the seats of the Banate of Lugos and Karánsebes, which was a border region of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, later the Principality of Transylvania. In 1595, during the 15 Years' War, the prince commissioned Borbély György, ban of Lugos and Karánsebes, to launch a campaign against the Turks. It became successfull and the Transylvanian army advanced as far as Arad, liberating the area along the Maros River from the Turks. In 1658, Lugos came under Turkish control, when Grand Vizier Köprülü Mehmed marched into Transylvania in retaliation for Prince Rákóczi György II's campaign in Poland, wreaked havoc there with his armies amd demanded, among others, that the towns of Lugos and Karánsebes be ceded to them as a condition for his withdrawal. It was retaken by imperial troops at the end of the century, but the peace treaty with the Turks required the castle to be demolished. After the Turks were driven out of Temesvár, Lugos became part of the Banate of Temes, created by the Habsburgs. Hungarians were forbidden from returning to the area, and it was repopulated with German, Serbian and Vlach settlers. German settlers founded Németlugos on the left bank of the Temes River, while Oláhlugos on the right bank was inhabited mostly by Vlachs. In 1778, the area became part of Hungary again and the county of Krassó was re-established, with Lugos as its seat. By the end of the century, the German and the Vlach towns were united. In 1881, Szörény County was merged with Krassó County and Lugos became the seat of Krassó-Szörény County. Prior to the First World War, the town was inhabited by roughly equal numbers of Vlachs, Germans and Hungarians. Today, with a small Hungarian minority, the town's population is predominantly Vlach (Romanian).
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History
Sights
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895
Arrival of the Hungarians
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895
The alliance of the seven Hungarian tribes took possession of the then largely uninhabited Carpathian Basin. Until then, the sparse Slavic population of the north-western Carpathians had lived under Moravian rule for a few decades after the collapse of the Avar Khaganate in the early 9th century.
1000
Foundation of the Hungarian Kingdom
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1000
The Kingdom of Hungary was established with the coronation of King Stephen I. He converted the Hungarians to Christianity and created two archdioceses (Esztergom and Kalocsa) and ten dioceses. He divided Hungary into counties led by ispáns, who were appointed by the king.
1241-1242
Mongol Invasion
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1241-1242
The hordes of the Mongol Empire invaded Hungary and almost completely destroyed it. One third to one half of the population was destroyed. The Mongols also suffered heavy losses in the battle of Muhi and they could not hunt down the king. After their withdrawal, King Béla IV reorganized Hungary. He allowed the feudal lords to build stone castles because they were able to successfully resist the nomadic Mongols. The vast majority of stone castles were built after this. The king called in German, Vlach (Romanian) and Slavic settlers to replace the destroyed population.
1301
The extinction of the House of Árpád
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1301
The House of Árpád, the first Hungarian royal dynasty, died out with the death of King Andrew III. Hungary was ruled by oligarchs, the most powerful of whom was Csák Máté, whose main ally was the Aba family. King Charles I (1308-1342), supported by the Pope, eventually emerged as the most prominent of the contenders for the Hungarian throne. But it took decades to break the power of the oligarchs.
1333
The town was called Lucas for the first time it was mentioned. According to the papal tithe register, the town belonged to the Deanery of Karánsebes. Later its name appeared in various forms: in 1368 Lugas, in 1554 Lwgos, in 1564 Logos. The town's name is of Hungarian origin.
August 22, 1376
The castle of Lugos was mentioned for the first time. King Sigismund of Hungary donated it to Losonczy László and István together with the castles of Sebes, Somlyó and Érsomlyó after having appointed them ispáns of Temes and Csanád counties.
14th century
The population of Krassó County spanning from the river Maros to the Danube was mostly Hungarian, with a small Slavic population. This is evidenced by the old settlement and geographical names (rivers, hills, etc.), most of which are of Hungarian origin.
1340's
The first Vlach migrants appeared in the area. They migrated from the Balkans, and then settled in the place of the Hungarian population, which had dwindled around the castles. They were divided into districts according to the castles concerned, and served as border guards. These districts were later called the Vlach districts, and the district of Lugos was one of them.
1390
The district of Lugos was under the authority of the Bán of Szörény together with the districts of Sebes and Miháld.
after 1393
Bulgarian refugees settled in Lugos, who fled from the Turks.
1396
After the crusaders were defeated in the battle of Nicopolis, Turks crossed the Danube for the first time and plundered as far as Temesvár. Turkish raiders also arrived in the area afterwards.
1419
The districts of Lugos, Sebes, Karán and Komjáti formed part of the Bánság of Szörény, which was part of Hungary. The towns of Lugos and Karánsebes were in close friendship and in defensive alliance, which even the kings respected and did not separate them from each other.
1428
Duty was collected in Lugos.
1438
Hunyadi János was appointed bán of Szörény. He became ispán of Temes County and captain of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade) in 1441.
1439
Lugos was mentioned as an oppidum (a serf town with some privileges).
1440
Hunyadi János acquired Lugos. A square shape castle was erected on the north bank of the river, the exact date of which is unknown. Previously there was no fortification in the town. Its weekly fair was also mentioned, which attracted merchants from far afield.
1446
Lugos became the seat of a lordship.
May 13, 1451
Hunyadi János, Governor of Hungary, visited Lugos on his way from Transylvania to Temesvár.
1456
Siege of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade)
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1456
The Turkish army of Sultan Mehmed II, the conqueror of Constantinople, besieged the castle of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade), which was the southern gateway to Hungary. But the Hungarian army, led by Hunyadi János, won a decisive victory over the twice to three times larger Turkish army. The Pope had earlier ordered that church bells should be rung every noon to pray for the victory of the defenders. Hunyadi János died of plague in the camp after the battle.
1457
King László V of Hungary assured the Hunyadi family with an oath that he would not take revenge for the killing of Cillei Ulrich in Nándorfehérvár. Nevertheless, he had Hunyadi László beheaded. Then, fearing the revenge of his mother, Sziágyi Erzsébet, he confirmed the privileges of the eight Vlach districts (including Lugos and Karánsebes) that made up the Bánság of Szörény to ensure their support.
1464
King Matthias of Hungary donated the town to Dengelegi Pongrácz János, vajda of Transylvania. At that time Lugos and its district belonged to Temes County.
1504
Corvin János, the supposed owner of Lugos, died.
1511
George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, took possession of Lugos by marrying the widow of Corvin János, Frangepán Beatrix.
1516
The settlements of Újlugos (New Lugos), Ólugos (Old Lugos) and Kislugos (Small Lugos) were mentioned, the previous was likely situated on the site of the present day settlement.
1522
The castle of Lugos belonged to Szörény County and was owned by Lévai Zsigmond, ispán of Bars County. One quarter of the castle was acquired by Forgács Ferenc by marrying Zsófia, the daughter of Lévai Zsigmond.
1524
Szörény Castle, the centre of the Bánság of Szörény, was occupied by the Turks.
1526
Battle of Mohács and the splitting of Hungary into two parts
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1526
Sultan Suleiman I launched a war against Vienna, instigated by the French. Ferdinand I, Duke of Austria, was the brother-in-law of King Louis II of Hungary. The army of the Ottoman Empire defeated the much smaller Hungarian army at Mohács, and King Louis II died in the battle. A group of the barons elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the throne, who promised to defend Hungary from the Turks. He was the younger brother of the most powerful European monarch Emperor Charles V. But the nobility chose the most powerful Hungarian baron, Szapolyai János, who was also crowned as King John I. The country was split in two and a decades-long struggle for power began.
after 1526
The Bánság of Szörény, which stretched between the Danube and the Olt rivers and was part of the Kingdom of Hungary, ceased to exist as a result of the Turkish occupation. Its remaining parts and Krassó County were merged and Szörény County was created, which belonged to Transylvania (which was still part of Hungary) afterwards. Its leader bore the title of Bán of Karánsebes and Lugos. The bán lived in either Karánsebes or Lugos. The importance of the small fortification of Lugos grew significantly, when it became part of the border zone as the Ottomans advanced deeper and deeper into Hungary. Then it was expanded with a palisade to make it fit for a larger garrison. The primary task of the mercenaries stationing in Lugos was to repel the Turkish and Tatar raiders.
1528
Having returned from Poland with a Polish army, King John I of Hungary spent the winter in Lippa waiting for the army asked from the Turks so that he could take back Hungary from King Ferdinand I.
September 9, 1529
King John I of Hungary retook Buda, the capitol of Hungary, from King Ferdinand I with Turkish help.
1536
Somlyai Mihály was the first to bear the title of Bán of Karánsebes and Lugos. (the last man was Barcsay Ákos in 1658).
1541
The Turkish occupation of the capital, Buda, and the division of Hungary into three parts
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1541
The Turks conquered Buda, the capital of Hungary, after the death of King John I. The central part of the country was under Turkish rule for 150 years. The western and northern parts (including present-day Slovakia) formed the Kingdom of Hungary ruled by the Habsburg emperors. The eastern parts (now mainly under Romanian rule) were ruled by the successors of King John I of Hungary, who later established the Principality of Transylvania.
1541
After the death of King John I of Hungary, King Ferdinand I occupied Buda. The widow Queen Isabella retreated to Lippa, then to Gyulafehérvár with her baby boy, John Sigismund (later John II).
May 7, 1551
Queen Isabella made Lippa a free royal town.
July 1551
The child John Sigismund's guardian, George Martinuzzi, with Castaldo's imperial army, forced Queen Isabella to surrender the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (including Transylvania) to King Ferdinand I. Isabella left for Poland with her child, the heir to the throne. Lugos was invaded by the Spanish soldiers of Aldona Bernát. The Turks then launched a punitive campaign against Hungary.
middle of the 16th century
A palisade was constructed in Lugos, the exact location of which is unknown.
1552
After the fall of Temesvár, Lugos and Karánsebes paid a tribute to the Turks so that they would not capture and sack the towns.
1554
The Sultan donated Lugos and Karánsebes to Petrovics Péter, a relative of the deceased King John I, who moved to Lugos. Petrovics was to help Queen Isabella back to the throne (of Hungary).
1556
The Estates of Transylvania, dissatisfied with Habsburg rule, recalled Queen Isabella to the throne, to which the Sultan gave his consent. On her return, she regained control of eastern Hungary.
1556
Queen Isabella returned to Transylvania and confirmed the loyal Petrovics Péter as Bán of Lugos and Karánsebes. This was also a symbolic expression of the fact, that the area belonged to Transylvania. Petrovics died in 1557 and, being childless, his estates reverted to the Queen and her son. Békés László was appointed Bán of Lugos and Karánsebes.
from 1536 to 1658
Lugos was one of the centres of the Bánság of Karánsebes and Lugos, which was a border region of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, later (from 1570) the Principality of Transylvania. Its population consisted of Hungarians, Vlachs and Serbs, whose main task was to carry weapons and protect the border.
1570
The establishment of the Principality of Transylvania
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1570
John II (John Sigismund), the son of King John I of Hungary, renounced the title of King of Hungary in favor of King Maximilian of the House of Habsburg, and henceforth held the title of Prince. This formally created the Principality of Transylvania, which was the eastern half of Hungary not ruled by the Habsburgs and was also a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. John II died in 1571, after which the three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Székelys and the Saxons) elected the prince.
1571
After the death of King John II, the Estates of Transylvania elected Báthory István as Prince of Transylvania. He was recognized by the Emperor and the Sultan as well. Bekes Gáspár rebelled against the Prince, and tried to win the Sultan’s support by promising – among other things – to hand over the Bánság of Karánsebes and Lugos. Prince Báthory succeeded in winning the Sultan's support, and in 1573 he also forced Bekes Gáspár out of Fogaras Castle by siege, leaving him without supporters.
1575
Bekes Gáspár tried to seize the Transylvanian throne with the army of Emperor Maximilian, but was defeated on 10 July. 300 horsemen and 200 foot soldiers assisted Prince Báthory from the Lugos and Karánsebes area.
1575
The Turks demanded the surrender of the castles of Lugos and Karánsebes and an increase in the yearly tribute paid by Transylvania, but Prince Báthory István refused their demands.
1591-1606
Fifteen Years' War
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1591-1606
The Ottoman Empire started a war against the Habsburg Empire. The war was waged in the territory of Hungary. The Turks defeated the combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Principality of Transylvania in the battle of Mezőkeresztes in 1596, but their victory was not decisive. The war devastated the Principality of Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror.
June 11, 1594
Prince Báthory Zsigmond of Transylvania openly declared his break with the Ottoman Empire.
May 27, 1595
Prince Báthory Zsigmond of Transylvania appointed the battle-hardened Borbély György Bán of Karánsebes and Lugos. Borbély defeated the army of the Pasha of Temesvár at Facsád on 13 August and liberated Lippa on 1 September. Then he pressed on as far as Arad and liberated that town either, and several castles on his way.
April 8, 1597
Prince Báthory Zsigmond renounced the throne of Transylvania in favour of Emperor Rudolf, but Bocskai István brought him back in August and he was sworn in again as prince.
July 7, 1598
The Beylerbey of Temesvár besieged Lugos with 6000 horsemen and the same number of foot soldiers. But the attack was instigated by fake fugitives sent by Barcsay András, bán of Lugos. The Turks walked into a trap and suffered heavy casualties.
October 17, 1599
Instigated by Emperor Rudolf, Voivode Mihai (Viteazul) of Wallachia broke into Transylvania through the Bodza Pass, after Prince Báthory Zsigmond, contrary to his promise, hand over power over Transylvania to his cousin Cardinal Báthory András instead of Emperor Rudolf. Voivode Mihai sided with the Székelys, who were dissatisfied with the Báthory dynasty, by promising to restore their rights, and with their help he defeated the army of Prince Báthory András at Sellenberk on 28 October.
November 1, 1599
Voivode Mihai Viteazul of Wallachia marched into Gyulafehérvár, the capitol of Transylvania, and took over power as governor appointed by Emperor Rudolf. But soon he started to act on his own behalf and introduced a reign of terror. He asked the Sultan to recognize him as Prince of Transylvania. The Turks asked the castles of Jenő, Lippa, Lugos and Karánsebes in return. He arbitrarily appointed Wallachian boyars to every position, looted the treasury and his unpaid mercenaries plundered and murdered throughout the land. The Vlach peasants rose up and started to exterminate Hungarian and Saxon population in Transylvania, which had a Hungarian majority at that time. The Estates of Transylvania asked General Basta for help against the Wallachian voivode.
September 18, 1600
Voivode Mihai of Wallachia was defeated in the battle of Miriszló and driven out by the combined armies of the Transylvanian nobility led by Báthory Zsigmond and General Basta’s imperial mercenaries.
February 3, 1601
The Estates of Transylvania broke with the Emperor and Báthory Zsigmond was elected prince once more. Basta withdrew from Transylvania. Emperor Rudolf asked the help of Voivode Mihai of Wallachia against Transylvania.
August 3, 1601.
The combined armies of General Basta and Voivode Mihai of Wallachia defeated the Transylvanian army of Prince Báthory Zsigmond in the battle of Goroszló. No help came from the Turks, because Viovode Mihai had sent a false letter to the Pasha of Temesvár saying that he was not needed. After that, the army of Voivode Mihai sacked and burned the towns of Torda, Nagyenyed and Gyulafehérvár, where they robbed the tombs of the Hunyadi family, King John II of Hungary and his mother Queen Isabella. Then, on 19 August, Voivode Mihai was assassinated by the mercenaries of General Basta, because Mihai tried to usurp the throne of Transylvania once again. Genral Basta also introduced a reign of terror in Transylvania and let his mercenaries ravage freely throughout the land.
August 19, 1601
General Basta had Viovode Mihai killed near Torda, because Mihai was planning to usurp the throne of Transylvania once more. Then in November, Báthory Zsigmond returned to Transylvania with a Turkish army. But in March 1602, he concluded a treaty with Emperor Rudolf and finally ceded Transylvania to him. The Prince was, as earlier, instigated by the Jesuits to do so.
1602
Lugos fell in the hands of General Basta, who appointed Berenhidai Huszár Péter captain of Lugos. He came from the castle of Pápa in Pannonia. General Basta forced Transylvania to pay tribute.
July 2, 1602
General Basta defeated the army of Székely Mózes near Gyulafehérvár, who did not want to swear loyalty to the emperor. Székely Mózes retreated to Temesvár to the Turks with his men, including Bethlen Gábor (later the greatest Prince of Transylvania).
August 7, 1602
The Turks attacked and plundered Lugos.
1603
General Basta left Transylvania with his army. Székely Mózes set out from Temesvár to conquer Transylvania with his Székely army and with the Turkish army of Pasha Bektás. Karánsebes voluntarily surrendered. Bán Huszár Péter of Lugos wanted to resist, but he was captured by the guards and the people of the town and handed over to Székely Mózes on 11 April. Székely wanted to spare Huszár’s life, but the pagan Tatars seized him. Their leader, Murza, cut off his head and drank his blood, which they believed gave them luck in war. Then Székely Mózes called for the Estates of Transylvania to join him in Gyulafehérvár, who gave him a positive reception having enough of Basta’s reign of terror. He was elected Prince of Transylvania on 9 May.
1603
Duval Henrik, the prefect of Lippa, burned Lugos and executed most of its inhabitants, who surrendered the town to Székely Mózes.
July 17, 1603
Mobilized by the Habsburgs, Voivode Radu Serban of Wallachia attacked the camp of Székely Mózes at Brassó at night. The Prince was killed and General Basta returned to Transylvania.
1604-1606
Uprising of Bocskai István
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1604-1606
The alliance of the Habsburgs and the Principality of Transylvania was defeated by the Ottoman Empire in the Fifteen Years' War. The war devastated Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg imperial army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror. The nobility and the burghers were upset about the terror, the plundering mercenaries and the violent Counter-Reformation. Bocskai István decided to lead their uprising after the Habsburg emperor tried to confiscate his estates. Bocskai also rallied the hajdú warriors to his side. He was elected Prince of Transylvania and soon liberated the Kingdom of Hungary from the Habsburgs. In 1605 Bocskai István was crowned King of Hungary with the crown he received from the Turks.
end of June 1605
Jenő, Lippa, Lugos and Karánsebes surrendered to Bocskai István.
23 June 1606
Peace of Vienna
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23 June 1606
Bocski István made peace with Emperor Rudolf. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and the freedom of religion. The counties of Szatmár, Bereg and Ugocsa were annexed to the Principality of Transylvania. Bocskai died of illness in the same year, leaving to his successors the idea of unifying Hungary from Transylvania.
April 3, 1609
Prince Báthory Gábor of Transylvania confirmed the privileges of Lugos granted by Queen Isabella in 1551. He also confirmed the privileges of the eight Vlach noble districts (Lugos, Karánsebes, Mehádia, Almás, Krassó, Borzava, Komjáth, Ilyéd).
1619
The campaign of Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1619
At the beginning of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania went to war against the Habsburg emperor as an ally of the rebelling Czech-Moravian-Austrian estates. The whole Kingdom of Hungary joined him, only the Austrian defenders of Pozsony had to be put to the sword. With his allies, he laid siege to Vienna. However, he was forced to abandon the siege because the Habsburg-loyal Hungarian aristocrat Homonnai Drugeth György attacked his heartland with Polish mercenaries. On 25 August 1620, the Diet of Besztercebánya elected Bethlen Gábor King of Hungary as vassal of the Turks. He continued to fight after the defeat of the Czechs at White Mountain on 8 November 1620, but without real chance to achieve decisive victory, he decided to come to an agreement with Emperor Ferdinand II.
31 December 1621
Peace of Nikolsburg
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31 December 1621
Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand II. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and later it was supplemented with the freedom of religion. Bethlen renounced the title of King of Hungary in exchange for seven counties of the Upper Tisza region (Szabolcs, Szatmár, Bereg, Ugocsa, Zemplén, Borsod, Abaúj) for the rest of his life, other estates in Hungary as his private property and the imperial title of Duke of Oppeln and Ratibor (Opole and Racibórz), one of the Duchies of Silesia. Prince Bethlen went to war against the Habsburgs in 1623 and 1626, but was unable to negotiate more favourable terms.
1622
Lugos became the seat of an Orthodox Eparchy.
1644-1645
The campaign of Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1644-1645
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania allied with the Swedes and the French in the Thirty Years' War and went to war against the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand III. On 18 July 1645 his army joined forces with Torstenson's Swedish army under Brno (Moravia). The excellent artillery of Transylvania opened fire on the city walls. However, Rákóczi had to give up the siege, having been informed that the Turks were planning a punitive campaign against Transylvania, because he went to war against the Sultan's prohibition.
16 December 1645
Peace of Linz
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16 December 1645
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand III. It secured the freedom of religion for the Protestants and extended it also to the serfs. Rákóczi received the same seven Hungarian counties that Prince Bethlen Gábor had also held (Abauj, Zemplén, Borsod, Bereg, Ugocsa, Szabolcs, Szatmár) until his death, and the counties of Szabolcs and Szatmár were also to be inherited by his sons. The Rákóczi family also received several new estates.
1654
Prince Rákóczi György II of Transylvania issued a charter of freedoms to Lugos in order to increase the number of soldiers.
1657
Prince Rákóczi György II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Kraków and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.
September 2, 1658
The Grand Vizier's army captured Jenő Castle. The Estates of Transylvania sent Governor Barcsay Ákos, bán of Lugos and Karánsebes, to his camp to ask him to have mercy on them. In return, the Grand Vizier demanded that the annual tax be raised from 15 to 40 thousand forints (gold coins) and that Lugos and Karansebes be ceded. The envoys had to accept the terms. This was the price for the Turks to leave Transylvania. The grand vizier appointed Barcsay prince on 14 September. Most of the town's population then fled to Transylvania. At the end of the century the castle was enlarged on the western side, thus doubling its area.
from 1658
The town was under the authority of the Bey of Karánsebes and Lugos, who had his seat in Karánsebes.
1683
Turkish defeat at Vienna and the formation of the Holy League
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1683
The combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Kingdom of Poland defeated the Turkish army besieging Vienna. Emperor Leopold I wanted to make peace with the Turks, but was refused by Sultan Mehmed IV. In 1684, at the persistent urging of Pope Innocent XI, the Holy League, an alliance of the Kingdom of Poland, the Habsburg Empire, the Republic of Venice and the Papal States, was formed to expel the Turks from Hungary. Thököly Imre, who had allied himself with the Turks, was gradually driven out of northern Hungary.
1686
Recapture of Buda and the liberation of Hungary from the Turks
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1686
The army of the Holy League recaptured Buda from the Turks by siege. In 1687, the Imperial army invaded the Principality of Transylvania. The liberation was hindered by the French breaking their promise of peace in 1688 and attacking the Habsburg Empire. By 1699, when the Peace of Karlóca was signed, all of Hungary and Croatia had been liberated from the Ottoman Empire with the exception of Temesköz, the area bounded by the Maros, the Tisza and the Danube rivers. It was not until the Peace of Požarevac in 1718 that Temesköz was liberated from the Turks. However, the continuous war against the Turkish invaders and the Habsburg autocracy, which lasted for more than 150 years, wiped out large areas of the Hungarian population, which had previously made up 80% of the country's population, and was replaced by Vlachs (Romanians), Serbs and other Slavic settlers and Germans. The Habsburgs also favoured the settlement of these foreign peoples over the 'rebellious' Hungarians.
June 1688
Imperial Colonel Pax called for the Turkish garrison to surrendered the castle, and they did so willingly, after the imperial army marched into Transylvania in 1687
August 21, 1690
Thököly Imre, the former leader of the anti-Habsburg Hungarian kuruc uprising, crossed the mountains with Turkish and Wallachian auxiliaries, attacked the imperial army of General Heisler from behind and defeated him.
September 21, 1690
The nobility of Transylvania joined Thököly Imre and he was elected Prince of Transylvania in Szeben. Soon the combined armies of Castelli and Heisler pushed him out of Transylvania.
1690
The Turks took back Lugos.
1690
Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again, with internal autonomy and freedom of religion
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1690
According to the Diploma Leopoldinum issued by Emperor Leopold I, Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again and Hungarian law remained in force. The three nations (the Hungarians, the Székelys – who are also Hungarians –, and the Saxons) administered its internal affairs with autonomy and the freedom of religion was also preserved. The incorporation of Transylvania into the Habsburg Empire was prevented by the temporary election of Thököly Imre as Prince of Transylvania in 1690 with Turkish help.
January 1691
Colonel Bolland took back Lugos from the Turks.
July 27, 1691
Thökölyi Imre occupied Lugos, but the imperial army of Veterani took the town back in August.
September 21, 1695
Sultan Mustafa II won a pyrrhic victory over General Veterani, who was let down by Frederick Augustus, Elector of Saxony, the commander of the main imperial army. Veterani, who was favoured by the Transylvanians, fell in the battle. 1,000 Hungarian hussars also died heroically. Then the Turks attacked Lugos, slaughtered the guards and captured the castle.
October, 1695
The imperials took the town back from the small Turkish garrison left behind.
1696
The mercenaries of Herberstein plundered the town.
1699
According to the Treaty of Karlowitz, the town was left in the hands of the imperials, but the castle had to be destroyed.
1701
The castle was destroyed after the Turks demanded it.
1703-1711
Hungarian War of Independence led by Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II
Little more...
1703-1711
After the expulsion of the Turks, the Habsburgs treated Hungary as a newly conquered province and did not respect its constitution. The serfs rose up against the Habsburg ruler because of the sufferings caused by the war and the heavy burdens, and they invited Rákóczi Ferenc II to lead them. Trusting in the help promised by King Louis XIV of France, he accepted. Rákóczi rallied the nobility to his side, and soon most of the country was under his control. The rebels were called the kurucs. In 1704, the French and the Bavarians were defeated at the Battle of Blenheim, depriving the Hungarians of their international allies. The Rusyn, Slovak and Vlach peasants and the Saxons of Szepes supported the fight for freedom, while the Serbs in the south and the Saxons in Transylvania served the Habsburgs. Due to lack of funds Rákóczi could not raise a strong regular army, and in 1710, Hungary was also hit by a severe plague. Rákóczi tried unsuccessfully to forge an alliance with Tsar Peter the Great of Russia. In his absence, without his knowledge, his commander-in-chief, Károlyi Sándor, accepted Emperor Joseph I's peace offer. The Peace of Szatmár formally restored the Hungarian constitution and religious freedom and granted amnesty, but did not ease the burden of serfdom. Rákóczi refused to accept the pardon and went into exile. He died in Rodosto, Turkey.
1716
A new war broke out between the Habsburg and the Ottoman empires. After his victory at Pétervárad, Prince Eugene of Savoy attacked Temesvár. Cannonading destroyed most of the town in the siege that lasted 48 days until finally Pasha Mustafa surrendered.
1716
Prince Eugene of Savoy entrusted Claude Florimond de Mercy with the governance of Temesköz (the area bounded by the rivers Maros, Tisza and Danube). Mercy was later appointed civil and military leader of the Bánság of Temes by King Charles IV of Hungary (Emperor Charles VI).
July 21, 1718
According to the Treaty of Passarowitz, Temesköz was liberated from the Turks and Lugos became part of the newly created Bánság of Temes. Temesvár became the seat of the Bánság of Temes. Temesköz was not reincorporated into Hungary, but was governed separately from Vienna under the name of Bánság of Temes. The Habsburgs wanted to repopulate the area with Roman Catholic Germans and to make it an Austrian province, part of the Erblande (the Hereditary Lands of the Habsburgs). Habsburg rulers aimed to divide Hungary into separate parts and Germanize them one by one. To this end, they forbade the return of Hungarians to the Bánság of Temes, which was a Hungarian majority area before the Turkish invasion. Instead, the area was repopulated by German, Vlach and Serbian migrants.
from 1718
The town was the seat of the district of Lugos. On the left bank of the river, opposite to the town mainly inhabited by Vlachs on the right bank, a new town (Németlugos) was founded by German settlers. German artisans and peasants moved to the town in several waves during the century. The settlement on the right bank was called from then on Oláhlugos (Vlach Lugos).
1733
Minorites built a monastery.
1738
The Turks captured Orsova. Having heard the news of the attack, the neighbouring Vlachs swarmed at the town in a horde and began plundering. They attacked the Minorite church as well and even pulled out the iron clamps holding the walls together. The arriving Turkish pasha put an end to the looting. The Turks retreated to Orsova having been informed of the gathering Christian army.
1751
Empress Maria Theresia reorganized the administration of the Bánság of Temes. 8 of the 11 districts were removed from military governance and placed under civil administration , but the emperor exercised absolute power over the area. Of the remaining three districts, she organised the Military Border Region of Bánság. Lugos was placed under civil administration.
1778
At the demand of the Estates of Hungary, Empress Maria Theresia returned the area of the Bánság of Temes that was under civil governance to Hungary. This ended the unconstitutional status of the area and the counties of Torontál, Temes and Krassó, which ceased to exist due to the Turkish conquest, were formed. Hungarians were no longer prohibited from settling in the area. Hungarians started to move to Temesköz in larger numbers but they could never regain their former majority. The area was continued to be called simply Bánság (Banat refers to its eastern part that belongs to Romania now, and it is the simple translation of the Hungarian Bánság).
August 5, 1779
Krassó County was solemnly recreated after the Bánság of Temes was re-incorporated into Hungary. Lugos became its seat.
1783
The first pharmacy was opened.
November 18, 1793
Oláhlugos and Németlugos were united.
1796
The town was granted the privilege to hold four country fairs every year.
1788
The army of Emperor Joseph II was defeated next to the town during the Turkish campaign.
1795
The two towns were united and the judge was elected from among the Germans and Vlachs alternately every year.
1833
The Maderspach Company constructed the first suspension bridge over the Temes River.
1835
A theatre was built without a permanent theatre company.
1836
Cholera decimated the population.
1837
A lower grammar school was established by the county and it was operated by the Minorites. It was closed in 1850.
between 1842 and 1845
The town was the centre of operation of Eftimie Murgu. They had radical leftist ideas and wanted to make Bánság an independent province and to break the authority of the Hungarian nobility and the Serb Orthodox Church.
January 8, 1848
The casino, the new social institution of the German speaking intellectuals was opened.
1848-1849
Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence
Little more...
1848-1849
Following the news of the Paris Revolution on 22 February 1848, the Hungarian liberal opposition led by Kossuth Lajos demanded the abolition of serfdom, the abolition of the tax exemption of the nobility, a parliament elected by the people, and an independent and accountable national government. The revolution that broke out in Pest on 15 March expressed its demands in 12 points, which, in addition to the above mentioned, included the freedom of the press, equality before the law, the release of the political prisoners and the union with Transylvania. A Hungarian government was formed, Batthyány Lajos became prime minister, and on 11 April Emperor Ferdinand V ratified the reform laws. On August 31 the Emperor demanded the repeal of the laws threatening with military intervention. In September the Emperor unleashed the army of Jelacic, Ban of Croatia, on Hungary, but they were defeated by the Hungarians in the Battle of Pákozd on 29 September. An open war began for the independence of Hungary. The Habsburgs incited the nationalities against the Hungarians. The Rusyns, the Slovenes and most of the Slovaks and Germans supported the cause persistently, but the Vlachs (Romanians) and the Serbians turned against the Hungarians. The glorious Spring Campaign in 1849 led by General Görgei Artúr liberated almost all of Hungary. On 1 May 1849, Emperor Franz Joseph, effectively admitting defeat, asked for the help of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, who sent an intervention army of 200,000 soldiers against Hungary. The resistance became hopeless against the overwhelming enemy forces and on 13 August Görgei Artúr surrendered to the Russians at Világos. Bloody reprisals followed, and on 6 October 1849, 12 generals and a colonel of the Hungarian Revolution, the martyrs of Arad, were executed in Arad. On the same day, Batthyány Lajos, the first Hungarian Prime Minister, was executed by firing squad in Pest. The Habsburgs introduced total authoritarianism in Hungary, but they also failed to fulfil their promises to the nationalities that had betrayed the Hungarians.
May 3, 1848
The April Laws of the Hungarian Revolution were read aloud in the county assembly.
May 1848
Serbian migrants started a rebellion and created an autonomous region called Serbian Voivodina. Their goal was to secede the territory from Hungary and unite it with Serbia. Volunteers arrived from the Principality of Serbia, which was under Turkish protectorate, to support them in order to create Greater Serbia. The rebellious Serbs fought on the side of the Habsburgs to crush the Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence. The Serbs began a large-scale ethnic cleansing campaign in Hungarian and Vlach villages, which extended to the area of Bánság.
June 27, 1848
The Vlach minority of Bánság held an assembly with the leadership of Eftimie Murgu. They asked the Hungarian Batthyány government for the creation of a Vlach autonomous district in Bánság under the captainship of Murgu, an independent Vlach Orthodox church hierarchy and the general mobilization of the population in Bánság. They offered their armed support for the Hungarian revolutionary government in exchange. On behalf of the government, Vukovics Sebő refused to fulfil the demands. Meanwhile, Murgu promised armed support for the revolutionaries of Wallachia as well. The town elected Eftimie Murgu member of the Hungarian Parliament in Pest. Eftimie Murgu was freed from imperial prison on 14 March, 1848 by the Hungarian Revolution in Pest together with Táncsics Mihály as political prisoners.
1848
The imperial army and Serb insurgents captured Lugos. Serb insurgents supported the Habsburg ruler against the Hungarian Revolution.
April 19, 1849
The Hungarian army of General Bem József liberated Lugos. At the end of the war of independence, the money of the Hungarian revolutionary government was printed in Lugos.
August 8, 1849
The Hungarian government started negotiations with the representatives of the Vlach insurgents of Avram Iancu in Lugos. After the lost battle of Temesvár, the Hungarian army split in two in Lugos. Vécsey and Guyon marched on towards Facset, while the troops of Dessewffy and Lázár were heading towards Karánsebes together with several Hungarian leaders.
August 12, 1849
Kossuth Lajos arrived in Lugos, after he handed over the supreme power to General Görgey Arthúr. The Hungarian troops gathered in Lugos. Görgey surrendered to the Russian intervention army at Világos. Haynau ordered General Lichtenstein to hurry to Lugos to prevent the remaining Hungarian forces from also surrendering to the Russians.
August 16, 1849
Gulyon Richárd refused to surrender and General Bem József ordered him to set off towards Facset. The army of Dessewffy and Lázár consisting of around 5,000 soldiers had already set off towards Karánsebes on the 15th. Kmetty heroically covered the retreat of the Hungarian army towards Facset with his 3,500 men and 12 cannons at Lugos. Then the army dissolved, and most of them surrendered at Világos to the Russians.
after 1849
After the suppression of the Hungarian Revolution, the newer generations of the German citizens continued to speak German, but they identified themselves politically with the Hungarian nation. 150 Catholic families of Lugos sent a petition to the Bishop of Csanád already in 1852 asking for messes to be conducted in Hungarian language.
after 1849
After the Hungarian War of Independence was suppressed by the Russian intervention, the Habsburg emperor created the province called Serb Vajdaság and Bánság of Temes from the former territories of the Bánság of Temes and some parts of Serbian Voivodina declared arbitrarily by the Serbian rebels. This province was controlled directly from Vienna. This meant that the Habsburg emperor did not fulfil the Serb's demands, in return for which they turned against the Hungarians. None of the nationalities (Hungarians, Germans, Vlachs, Serbians) were anywhere near a majority in the new province.
1856–65
The Greek Catholic Diocese of Lugos was established. The diocese operated a teacher training institution from 1914 to around 1920.
1860
The province called Serb Vajdaság and Bánság of Temes (created in 1849) was abolished and the area was re-incorporated into Hungary. This was part of the October Diploma issued by Emperor Franz Joseph, which brought a minor ease in Habsburg absolutism.
1867
Austro-Hungarian Compromise
Little more...
1867
The Habsburg Empire was weakened by the defeats it suffered in the implementation of Italian and German unity. The Hungarians wanted to return to the reform laws of 1848, but they did not have the strength to do so. Emperor Franz Joseph and the Hungarian opposition, led by Deák Ferenc, finally agreed to restructure the Empire and abolish absolutism. Hungary was given autonomy in its internal affairs, with its own government and parliament, which was essential for the development of its economy and culture. However, foreign and military affairs remained in the hands of the Habsburgs and served their aspiration for becoming a great power. The majority wanted Hungary's independence, but they were excluded from political power.
1873
The old Szörény County was revived. Karánsebes became its seat.
1878
The Catholic school was nationalized, but the teaching language became exclusively Hungarian only in 1892. Hungarian was introduced in religious education in 1906. The first Hungarian performances were given in the theatre established by the Germans in 1875. Hungarian theatre companies became dominant already in the 1890’s. With the organization of modern public administration, Hungarian intellectuals moved to the town, which hastened the process of the German population getting Hungarian identity.
from 1881
Szörény County was merged with Krassó County. Lugos became the seat of the new Krassó-Szörény County.
1889
Németlugos and Románlugos were united permanently.
1879
The town got railway connection with Temesvár and Orsova.
1898
The town got railway connection with Gátalja and Marosillye.
1888
Jacob Muschong established the largest factory of the town, brickworks.
1888
The famous film star Lugosi Béla (Count Dracula), born as Blaskó Béla, was born in Lugos.
1864
A distillery and a steam mill were established.
1907
The South Hungary Textile Industry Company (Délmagyarországi Textilipar Rt.) was established. The Kammer brothers owned it from 1911.
1891
The girl’s institution of the School Sisters of Notre Dame established in 1874 was promoted to the rank of civil school.
1894
An industrial apprentice’s school was established.
1901
A civil boy’s school and in 1903 a second civil girl’s school were established.
1900
Electric lighting was introduced and a new theatre was inaugurated.
1902
The iron bridge was built, which became the symbol of the town.
1910
Out of its 19,818 inhabitants 6,875 were Hungarians (34,69%), 6,227 were Vlachs (31,42%), 6,151 were Germans (31,03%), 221 were Serbs (1,14%) and 127 were Slovaks (0,64%).
1914-1918
World War I
Little more...
1914-1918
As part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, Hungary took part in the war on the side of the Central Powers.
1916
On 27 August, Romania declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and launched an attack against Hungary. This triggered a huge wave of refugees from Transylvania, as the population feared a repeat of the Romanian ethnic cleansing of 1848-49. Austro-Hungarian and German forces drove the invaders out of the country by mid-October and occupied Bucharest on 6 December. Romania surrendered and signed a peace treaty with the central powers on 7 May 1918 (Treaty of Bucharest).
1918
On 3 November, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy signed the Armistice of Padua. The already defeated Romania then declared war on Germany on 10 November, just one day before the Germans signed the armistice near Compiègne. The Romanians then launched an offensive against Hungary, which had already unconditionally ceased fighting at the demand of the Entente. Romania was only recognised by the Entente powers as one of the victors of WWI only later.
November 1918 - January 1919
The Czech, Romanian and Serbian occupation of Hungary
Little more...
November 1918 - January 1919
In Hungary, the freemasonic subversion brought the pro-Entente Károlyi Mihály to power. The new government, naively trusting the Entente powers, met all their demands and disbanded the Hungarian military, which rendered the country completely defenseless in the most dire need. Under French and Italian command, Czech, Romanian and Serbian troops invaded large parts of Hungary, where they immediately began the takeover. They fired Hungarian railway workers, officials and teachers, banned the use of the Hungarian language, abolished Hungarian education, and disposed of everything that reminded them of the country's Hungarian past. Hundreds of thousands of Hungarians were forced to leave their homeland, and the forcible assimilation of the remaining Hungarians was begun.
December 3, 1918
The French army invaded Temesvár. The French arbitrarily divided the area of Bánság between the Serbians and the Romanians. Lugos went to the Romanians.
until 1920
Lugos was the cultural and political centre of the Vlachs in Bánság (Banat in Romanian). This was due to the strong social class of well-off Vlach artisans (there was no significant class of Vlach citizens in Temesvár, the largest town of Bánság). The electoral district of the town regularly sent Vlach representatives to the Hungarian Parliament in Pest. Most of the Vlachs of Lugos supported the Vlach national opposition. Minutes were taken in the local council in Hungarian since 1886 besides the Vlach and German languages. After the introduction of street name signs in 1891, street names were displayed in Hungarian and in Vlach languages in Románlugos and in Hungarian and in German languages in Németlugos.
4 June 1920
Trianon Dictate
Little more...
4 June 1920
Hungary was forced to sign the Treaty of Trianon, although the country was not invited to the peace talks. Hungary lost two thirds of its territory that had belonged to it for more than 1000 years. One-third of the Hungarian population came under foreign rule. On the basis of the national principle, countries with a more mixed and less ethnically balanced composition than the former Hungary were created, such as Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia). For example, while 48% of the population of the territory ceded to Czechoslovakia was Slovak and 30% Hungarian, 54% of the population of the former Hungary was Hungarian and 10.6% Slovak. And in the territory that is now part of Serbia, the Hungarians outnumbered the Serbs. The part of the territory allocated to Romania from Hungary was larger than the remaining territory of Hungary, despite the fact that there were 10 million Hungarians and less than 3 million Romanians in the former Hungary. While Hungary used to have the most liberal nationality policy in Europe, the successor states had no respect at all for the national and cultural rights of the indigenous Hungarians and engaged in forced assimilation. The Trianon Dictate destroyed the organic economic unity of the region. Before the First World War, Hungary had a dynamic economy, more advanced than Spain's. After 1920, the successor states formed the so-called "Little Entente", putting Hungary under an economic blockade and sabotaging it on the international stage.
2002
7.2 million people lived in Transylvania, including 1.42 million Hungarians. There were 1.65 million Hungarians out of 5.2 million in 1910. The proportion of the Romanians increased from 53.78% to 74.69%, while the proportion of the Hungarians decreased from 31.64% to 19.6%. The proportion of the Germans dropped from 10.75% to below 1%. These changes were mainly the results of migration and the persecution of Hungarians and Saxons. Transylvania here refers to the entire territory that once belonged to Hungary, which is much larger than historical Transylvania.
Sights
All
Churches, religious buildings
Public buildings
Cultural facilities
Commerce, industry, hospitality
Town infrastructure
Private buildings
Museums and Galleries
Churches, religious buildings
Holy Trinity Fromer Minorite Church and Monastery
Biserica Sfânta Treime
Radu Trifan, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
church and monastery
Currently:
church
Church:
Roman Catholic
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Holy Trinity Fromer Minorite Church and Monastery
History
The Minorites arrived in the town in 1718. The church was built in 1733-35, the church tower in 1832.
St. Nicholas Tower
Turnul Sfântul Nicolae
Originally:
church
Currently:
abandoned
Church:
Roman Catholic
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St. Nicholas Tower
History
The tower originally belonged to a church or monastery church built at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries, which was rebuilt in 1726 by Captain Rátz János from Mehádia in Baroque style.
Calvinist Church
ronada.com, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Calvinist
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Calvinist Church
History
The church was built in 1906 according to the plans of Pongrácz Sándor.
Holy Spirit Greek Catholic Cathedral
Catedrala Greco-Catolică Coborârea Sfântului Spirit
.jpg)
zonemars, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Greek Catholic
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Holy Spirit Greek Catholic Cathedral
History
The church was built in 1843-54 in the neoclassical style. In 1948, the Greek Catholic denomination was banned and the church was given to the Orthodox. It was returned to the Greek Catholics in 1990.
Dormition of the Mother of God Orthodox Church
Catedrala Adormirea Maicii Domnului
Radu Trifan, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Orthodox
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Dormition of the Mother of God Orthodox Church
History
The church was built in 1759-66 in the Baroque style, designed by Johannes Breuttner, an architect from Temesvár, and under the direction of master builder Johannes Burgel.
St. Stephen of Hungary Chapel
Capela Sfântul Ștefan
Originally:
chapel
Currently:
chapel
Church:
Roman Catholic
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St. Stephen of Hungary Chapel
History
The chapel was built in 1780. In 1856, it was renovated by Deutsch Dávid with the stipulation that it be used for holy masses in Hungarian on both St. Stephen's feasts, in April and August.
Roman Catholic Parish
Parohia Romano-Catolica
Turbojet, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
parish
Currently:
parish
Church:
Roman Catholic
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Roman Catholic Parish
History
Former Greek Catholic Seminary
Originally:
seminary
Currently:
parish
Church:
Greek Catholic
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Former Greek Catholic Seminary
History
Greek Catholic Episcopal Palace
Episcopia Greco-Catolică de Lugoj
Originally:
Bishop's / Archbishop's Palace
Currently:
Bishop's / Archbishop's Palace
Church:
Greek Catholic
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Greek Catholic Episcopal Palace
History
Former Neolog Synagogue
Sinagoga Sefardă
Radu Trifan, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
synagogue
Currently:
n/a
Church:
Jewish
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Former Neolog Synagogue
History
The synagogue was completed in 1842.
Public buildings
Former County Hall
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FOTO:FORTEPAN / Magyar Földrajzi Múzeum / Erdélyi Mór cége, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
county hall
Currently:
n/a
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Former County Hall
History
The former country hall was built between 1843 and 1859.
Former Town Hall
History
Former Hungarian Royal Financial Directorate, Town Hall
Primăria
Radu Trifan, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
public administration
Currently:
town hall
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Former Hungarian Royal Financial Directorate, Town Hall
History
The eclectic palace was built in 1903-05 for the Directorate of Finance.
Tobacco Exchange
History
Former Hungarian Royal Court of Justice
Judecătoria
Originally:
court
Currently:
court
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Former Hungarian Royal Court of Justice
History
Built in the Eclectic style between 1911-13.
Former Archduke Joseph Military Barracks
History
Former Post Office
Biblioteca Municipală Lugoj
ronada.com, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
post office
Currently:
library
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Former Post Office
History
Town Hospital
Spitalului Municipal Dr. Teodor Andrei
Originally:
hospital / clinic / sanatorium / doctor's office
Currently:
hospital / clinic / sanatorium / doctor's office
Town Hospital
History
The hospital was built in the Art Nouveau style between 1909-10 according to the plans of Villányi Ármin.
Cultural facilities
Theatre
Theater Traian Grazavescu
Radu Trifan, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
theatre/opera
Currently:
theatre/opera
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Theatre
History
The building was built in 1900 as a theatre.
Former Hungarian Royal State School
Şcoala Gimnazială Anişoara Odeanu
Originally:
school
Currently:
school
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Former Hungarian Royal State School
History
Former Hungarian Royal State Grammar School
Colegiul Național Coriolan Brediceanu
Radu Trifan, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
school
Currently:
school
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Former Hungarian Royal State Grammar School
History
In 1837, the Minorite monks were granted permission to establish a secondary school.The present school building was built between 1895-96 on the site of the house where the Minorites, who arrived in the town in 1718, first lived. After the Romanian occupation, it was expropriated by the Romanians in 1919 and became a Romanian state school. Today it is the Coriolan Brediceanu High School.
Former Hungarian Casino
Originally:
casino
Currently:
military headquarters / administration
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Former Hungarian Casino
History
The building of the former Hungarian casino is now the Army House.
Commerce, industry, hospitality
Former Drei Rosen Inn, King of Hungary Hotel
Hotel Restaurant Dacia
Originally:
hotel / tavern / guesthouse
Currently:
hotel / tavern / guesthouse
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Former Drei Rosen Inn, King of Hungary Hotel
History
There has been news of the inn since 1835. Originally called Drei Rosen, it was called Kaiser Gasthaus after the 1848-49 Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence, and König von Ungarn during the Dualism era (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy). After the Romanian occupation in 1918 it was renamed Dacia.
Bésán Palace, Former Corso Café and South Hungary Bank
Karl Hart, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
restaurant / confectionery / café, bank
Currently:
house
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Bésán Palace, Former Corso Café and South Hungary Bank
History
Built between 1901-04, it once housed the Corso Grand Café and the Bank of South Hungary (Délmagyarországi Bank).
Former Amigo Café
Turbojet, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
restaurant / confectionery / café
Currently:
commercial building
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Former Amigo Café
History
This building was the town's first theatre, built in 1835.
Former People's Bank of Lugos, Town Museum
Muzeul de Istorie, Etnografie și Artă Plastică
Originally:
bank
Currently:
museum
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Former People's Bank of Lugos, Town Museum
History
Since 1968, the town museum has been housed in the former People's Bank of Lugos (Lugosi Népbank), built in 1899-1901.
Former Austro-Hungarian Bank
History
Town infrastructure
Iron Bridge
Podul De Fier
Tibs at Romanian Wikipedia, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
bridge
Currently:
bridge
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Iron Bridge
History
The iron bridge of Temes, the symbol of the town, was built in 1902 in the ironworks of Resica, on the site of an earlier wooden bridge.
Private buildings
Muschong Palace
Palatul Muschong
Radu Trifan, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
palace
Currently:
hotel / tavern / guesthouse
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Muschong Palace
History
The house was built in 1926. Muschong Jakab (1868-1923) was a wealthy brickmaker.
Vértes Palace
.jpg)
Adrian Farcas, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
palace
Currently:
house
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Vértes Palace
History
Haberehrn Palace
History
Calvinist Apartment House
Radu Trifan, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
house
Currently:
house
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Calvinist Apartment House
History
The tenement house was built by the Reformed (Calvinist) Church in 1906, based on plans by Villányi Ármin.
Gáspári Palace
History
Museums and Galleries
Former People's Bank of Lugos, Town Museum
Muzeul de Istorie, Etnografie și Artă Plastică
Originally:
bank
Currently:
museum
Show on map
Visit
Former People's Bank of Lugos, Town Museum
History
Since 1968, the town museum has been housed in the former People's Bank of Lugos (Lugosi Népbank), built in 1899-1901.
Check out other towns in Transylvania as well!
{"item":"town","set":{"mapcenter":{"lat":"45.6832950000","long":"21.9015880000"},"townlink":"lugos-lugoj","town":{"townId":67,"active":1,"name_HU":"Lugos","name_LO":"Lugoj","name_GE":"Lugosch","name_LT":"","seolink":"lugos-lugoj","listorder":30,"oldcounty":29,"country":4,"division":15,"altitude":"124","gps_lat":"45.6832950000","gps_long":"21.9015880000","population":39,"hungarian_2011":6.98,"population_1910":19818,"hungarian_1910":34.69,"german_1910":31.03,"slovak_1910":0,"romanian_1910":31.42,"rusin_1910":0,"serbian_1910":1.14,"croatian_1910":0,"slovenian_1910":0,"coatofarms":"","coatofarms_ref":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Radu Trifan, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Teatrul_Traian_Grozavescu_-_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Teatrul Traian Grozavescu - Lugoj\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e8\/Teatrul_Traian_Grozavescu_-_Lugoj.jpg\/512px-Teatrul_Traian_Grozavescu_-_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Teatrul_Traian_Grozavescu_-_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003ERadu Trifan\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","georegion":"Temes Plain, B\u00e1ns\u00e1g, Great Hungarian Plain","river":"Temes","description":"The town was founded by the Hungarians and its name is of Hungarian origin. It was part of the Krass\u00f3 County, founded by St. Stephen of Hungary. In the middle of the 14th century the first Vlach immigrants arrived from the Balkans. They settled around the castles and acted as border guards. Lugos became the seat of one of these Vlach districts. It was under the jurisdiction of the Banate of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny, which was part of Hungary. From 1438, Hunyadi J\u00e1nos held the office of the ban of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny and built a stone castle in the town. During the reign of King Matthias it belonged to the Temes County. In the 16th century, it became one of the seats of the Banate of Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes, which was a border region of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, later the Principality of Transylvania. In 1595, during the 15 Years' War, the prince commissioned Borb\u00e9ly Gy\u00f6rgy, ban of Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes, to launch a campaign against the Turks. It became successfull and the Transylvanian army advanced as far as Arad, liberating the area along the Maros River from the Turks. In 1658, Lugos came under Turkish control, when Grand Vizier K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc Mehmed marched into Transylvania in retaliation for Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II's campaign in Poland, wreaked havoc there with his armies amd demanded, among others, that the towns of Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes be ceded to them as a condition for his withdrawal. It was retaken by imperial troops at the end of the century, but the peace treaty with the Turks required the castle to be demolished. After the Turks were driven out of Temesv\u00e1r, Lugos became part of the Banate of Temes, created by the Habsburgs. Hungarians were forbidden from returning to the area, and it was repopulated with German, Serbian and Vlach settlers. German settlers founded N\u00e9metlugos on the left bank of the Temes River, while Ol\u00e1hlugos on the right bank was inhabited mostly by Vlachs. In 1778, the area became part of Hungary again and the county of Krass\u00f3 was re-established, with Lugos as its seat. By the end of the century, the German and the Vlach towns were united. In 1881, Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny County was merged with Krass\u00f3 County and Lugos became the seat of Krass\u00f3-Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny County. Prior to the First World War, the town was inhabited by roughly equal numbers of Vlachs, Germans and Hungarians. Today, with a small Hungarian minority, the town's population is predominantly Vlach (Romanian).","nameorigin":"","history":"#1|@#3|@#5|@#6|@1333|The town was called Lucas for the first time it was mentioned. According to the papal tithe register, the town belonged to the Deanery of Kar\u00e1nsebes. Later its name appeared in various forms: in 1368 Lugas, in 1554 Lwgos, in 1564 Logos. The town's name is of Hungarian origin.@August 22, 1376|The castle of Lugos was mentioned for the first time. King Sigismund of Hungary donated it to Losonczy L\u00e1szl\u00f3 and Istv\u00e1n together with the castles of Sebes, Somly\u00f3 and \u00c9rsomly\u00f3 after having appointed them isp\u00e1ns of Temes and Csan\u00e1d counties.@14th century|The population of Krass\u00f3 County spanning from the river Maros to the Danube was mostly Hungarian, with a small Slavic population. This is evidenced by the old settlement and geographical names (rivers, hills, etc.), most of which are of Hungarian origin.@1340's|The first Vlach migrants appeared in the area. They migrated from the Balkans, and then settled in the place of the Hungarian population, which had dwindled around the castles. They were divided into districts according to the castles concerned, and served as border guards. These districts were later called the Vlach districts, and the district of Lugos was one of them.@1390|The district of Lugos was under the authority of the B\u00e1n of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny together with the districts of Sebes and Mih\u00e1ld.@after 1393|Bulgarian refugees settled in Lugos, who fled from the Turks.@1396|After the crusaders were defeated in the battle of Nicopolis, Turks crossed the Danube for the first time and plundered as far as Temesv\u00e1r. Turkish raiders also arrived in the area afterwards.@1419|The districts of Lugos, Sebes, Kar\u00e1n and Komj\u00e1ti formed part of the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny, which was part of Hungary. The towns of Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes were in close friendship and in defensive alliance, which even the kings respected and did not separate them from each other.@1428|Duty was collected in Lugos.@1438|Hunyadi J\u00e1nos was appointed b\u00e1n of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny. He became isp\u00e1n of Temes County and captain of N\u00e1ndorfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r (Belgrade) in 1441.@1439|Lugos was mentioned as an oppidum (a serf town with some privileges).@1440|Hunyadi J\u00e1nos acquired Lugos. A square shape castle was erected on the north bank of the river, the exact date of which is unknown. Previously there was no fortification in the town. Its weekly fair was also mentioned, which attracted merchants from far afield.@1446|Lugos became the seat of a lordship.@May 13, 1451|Hunyadi J\u00e1nos, Governor of Hungary, visited Lugos on his way from Transylvania to Temesv\u00e1r.@#7|@1457|King L\u00e1szl\u00f3 V of Hungary assured the Hunyadi family with an oath that he would not take revenge for the killing of Cillei Ulrich in N\u00e1ndorfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r. Nevertheless, he had Hunyadi L\u00e1szl\u00f3 beheaded. Then, fearing the revenge of his mother, Szi\u00e1gyi Erzs\u00e9bet, he confirmed the privileges of the eight Vlach districts (including Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes) that made up the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny to ensure their support.@1464|King Matthias of Hungary donated the town to Dengelegi Pongr\u00e1cz J\u00e1nos, vajda of Transylvania. At that time Lugos and its district belonged to Temes County.@1504|Corvin J\u00e1nos, the supposed owner of Lugos, died.@1511|George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, took possession of Lugos by marrying the widow of Corvin J\u00e1nos, Frangep\u00e1n Beatrix.@1516|The settlements of \u00dajlugos (New Lugos), \u00d3lugos (Old Lugos) and Kislugos (Small Lugos) were mentioned, the previous was likely situated on the site of the present day settlement.@1522|The castle of Lugos belonged to Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny County and was owned by L\u00e9vai Zsigmond, isp\u00e1n of Bars County. One quarter of the castle was acquired by Forg\u00e1cs Ferenc by marrying Zs\u00f3fia, the daughter of L\u00e9vai Zsigmond.@1524|Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny Castle, the centre of the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny, was occupied by the Turks.@#8|@after 1526|The B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny, which stretched between the Danube and the Olt rivers and was part of the Kingdom of Hungary, ceased to exist as a result of the Turkish occupation. Its remaining parts and Krass\u00f3 County were merged and Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny County was created, which belonged to Transylvania (which was still part of Hungary) afterwards. Its leader bore the title of B\u00e1n of Kar\u00e1nsebes and Lugos. The b\u00e1n lived in either Kar\u00e1nsebes or Lugos. The importance of the small fortification of Lugos grew significantly, when it became part of the border zone as the Ottomans advanced deeper and deeper into Hungary. Then it was expanded with a palisade to make it fit for a larger garrison. The primary task of the mercenaries stationing in Lugos was to repel the Turkish and Tatar raiders.@1528|Having returned from Poland with a Polish army, King John I of Hungary spent the winter in Lippa waiting for the army asked from the Turks so that he could take back Hungary from King Ferdinand I.@September 9, 1529|King John I of Hungary retook Buda, the capitol of Hungary, from King Ferdinand I with Turkish help.@1536|Somlyai Mih\u00e1ly was the first to bear the title of B\u00e1n of Kar\u00e1nsebes and Lugos. (the last man was Barcsay \u00c1kos in 1658).@#9|@1541|After the death of King John I of Hungary, King Ferdinand I occupied Buda. The widow Queen Isabella retreated to Lippa, then to Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r with her baby boy, John Sigismund (later John II).@May 7, 1551|Queen Isabella made Lippa a free royal town.@July 1551|The child John Sigismund's guardian, George Martinuzzi, with Castaldo's imperial army, forced Queen Isabella to surrender the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (including Transylvania) to King Ferdinand I. Isabella left for Poland with her child, the heir to the throne. Lugos was invaded by the Spanish soldiers of Aldona Bern\u00e1t. The Turks then launched a punitive campaign against Hungary.@middle of the 16th century|A palisade was constructed in Lugos, the exact location of which is unknown.@1552|After the fall of Temesv\u00e1r, Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes paid a tribute to the Turks so that they would not capture and sack the towns.@1554|The Sultan donated Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes to Petrovics P\u00e9ter, a relative of the deceased King John I, who moved to Lugos. Petrovics was to help Queen Isabella back to the throne (of Hungary).@1556|The Estates of Transylvania, dissatisfied with Habsburg rule, recalled Queen Isabella to the throne, to which the Sultan gave his consent. On her return, she regained control of eastern Hungary.@1556|Queen Isabella returned to Transylvania and confirmed the loyal Petrovics P\u00e9ter as B\u00e1n of Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes. This was also a symbolic expression of the fact, that the area belonged to Transylvania. Petrovics died in 1557 and, being childless, his estates reverted to the Queen and her son. B\u00e9k\u00e9s L\u00e1szl\u00f3 was appointed B\u00e1n of Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes.@from 1536 to 1658|Lugos was one of the centres of the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Kar\u00e1nsebes and Lugos, which was a border region of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, later (from 1570) the Principality of Transylvania. Its population consisted of Hungarians, Vlachs and Serbs, whose main task was to carry weapons and protect the border.@#10|@1571|After the death of King John II, the Estates of Transylvania elected B\u00e1thory Istv\u00e1n as Prince of Transylvania. He was recognized by the Emperor and the Sultan as well. Bekes G\u00e1sp\u00e1r rebelled against the Prince, and tried to win the Sultan\u2019s support by promising \u2013 among other things \u2013 to hand over the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Kar\u00e1nsebes and Lugos. Prince B\u00e1thory succeeded in winning the Sultan's support, and in 1573 he also forced Bekes G\u00e1sp\u00e1r out of Fogaras Castle by siege, leaving him without supporters.@1575|Bekes G\u00e1sp\u00e1r tried to seize the Transylvanian throne with the army of Emperor Maximilian, but was defeated on 10 July. 300 horsemen and 200 foot soldiers assisted Prince B\u00e1thory from the Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes area.@1575|The Turks demanded the surrender of the castles of Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes and an increase in the yearly tribute paid by Transylvania, but Prince B\u00e1thory Istv\u00e1n refused their demands.@#12|@June 11, 1594|Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond of Transylvania openly declared his break with the Ottoman Empire.@May 27, 1595|Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond of Transylvania appointed the battle-hardened Borb\u00e9ly Gy\u00f6rgy B\u00e1n of Kar\u00e1nsebes and Lugos. Borb\u00e9ly defeated the army of the Pasha of Temesv\u00e1r at Facs\u00e1d on 13 August and liberated Lippa on 1 September. Then he pressed on as far as Arad and liberated that town either, and several castles on his way.@April 8, 1597|Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond renounced the throne of Transylvania in favour of Emperor Rudolf, but Bocskai Istv\u00e1n brought him back in August and he was sworn in again as prince.@July 7, 1598|The Beylerbey of Temesv\u00e1r besieged Lugos with 6000 horsemen and the same number of foot soldiers. But the attack was instigated by fake fugitives sent by Barcsay Andr\u00e1s, b\u00e1n of Lugos. The Turks walked into a trap and suffered heavy casualties.@October 17, 1599|Instigated by Emperor Rudolf, Voivode Mihai (Viteazul) of Wallachia broke into Transylvania through the Bodza Pass, after Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond, contrary to his promise, hand over power over Transylvania to his cousin Cardinal B\u00e1thory Andr\u00e1s instead of Emperor Rudolf. Voivode Mihai sided with the Sz\u00e9kelys, who were dissatisfied with the B\u00e1thory dynasty, by promising to restore their rights, and with their help he defeated the army of Prince B\u00e1thory Andr\u00e1s at Sellenberk on 28 October.@November 1, 1599|Voivode Mihai Viteazul of Wallachia marched into Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, the capitol of Transylvania, and took over power as governor appointed by Emperor Rudolf. But soon he started to act on his own behalf and introduced a reign of terror. He asked the Sultan to recognize him as Prince of Transylvania. The Turks asked the castles of Jen\u0151, Lippa, Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes in return. He arbitrarily appointed Wallachian boyars to every position, looted the treasury and his unpaid mercenaries plundered and murdered throughout the land. The Vlach peasants rose up and started to exterminate Hungarian and Saxon population in Transylvania, which had a Hungarian majority at that time. The Estates of Transylvania asked General Basta for help against the Wallachian voivode.@September 18, 1600|Voivode Mihai of Wallachia was defeated in the battle of Miriszl\u00f3 and driven out by the combined armies of the Transylvanian nobility led by B\u00e1thory Zsigmond and General Basta\u2019s imperial mercenaries.@February 3, 1601|The Estates of Transylvania broke with the Emperor and B\u00e1thory Zsigmond was elected prince once more. Basta withdrew from Transylvania. Emperor Rudolf asked the help of Voivode Mihai of Wallachia against Transylvania.@August 3, 1601.|The combined armies of General Basta and Voivode Mihai of Wallachia defeated the Transylvanian army of Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond in the battle of Goroszl\u00f3. No help came from the Turks, because Viovode Mihai had sent a false letter to the Pasha of Temesv\u00e1r saying that he was not needed. After that, the army of Voivode Mihai sacked and burned the towns of Torda, Nagyenyed and Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, where they robbed the tombs of the Hunyadi family, King John II of Hungary and his mother Queen Isabella. Then, on 19 August, Voivode Mihai was assassinated by the mercenaries of General Basta, because Mihai tried to usurp the throne of Transylvania once again. Genral Basta also introduced a reign of terror in Transylvania and let his mercenaries ravage freely throughout the land.@August 19, 1601|General Basta had Viovode Mihai killed near Torda, because Mihai was planning to usurp the throne of Transylvania once more. Then in November, B\u00e1thory Zsigmond returned to Transylvania with a Turkish army. But in March 1602, he concluded a treaty with Emperor Rudolf and finally ceded Transylvania to him. The Prince was, as earlier, instigated by the Jesuits to do so.@1602|Lugos fell in the hands of General Basta, who appointed Berenhidai Husz\u00e1r P\u00e9ter captain of Lugos. He came from the castle of P\u00e1pa in Pannonia. General Basta forced Transylvania to pay tribute.@July 2, 1602|General Basta defeated the army of Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes near Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, who did not want to swear loyalty to the emperor. Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes retreated to Temesv\u00e1r to the Turks with his men, including Bethlen G\u00e1bor (later the greatest Prince of Transylvania).@August 7, 1602|The Turks attacked and plundered Lugos.@1603|General Basta left Transylvania with his army. Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes set out from Temesv\u00e1r to conquer Transylvania with his Sz\u00e9kely army and with the Turkish army of Pasha Bekt\u00e1s. Kar\u00e1nsebes voluntarily surrendered. B\u00e1n Husz\u00e1r P\u00e9ter of Lugos wanted to resist, but he was captured by the guards and the people of the town and handed over to Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes on 11 April. Sz\u00e9kely wanted to spare Husz\u00e1r\u2019s life, but the pagan Tatars seized him. Their leader, Murza, cut off his head and drank his blood, which they believed gave them luck in war. Then Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes called for the Estates of Transylvania to join him in Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, who gave him a positive reception having enough of Basta\u2019s reign of terror. He was elected Prince of Transylvania on 9 May.@1603|Duval Henrik, the prefect of Lippa, burned Lugos and executed most of its inhabitants, who surrendered the town to Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes.@July 17, 1603|Mobilized by the Habsburgs, Voivode Radu Serban of Wallachia attacked the camp of Sz\u00e9kely M\u00f3zes at Brass\u00f3 at night. The Prince was killed and General Basta returned to Transylvania.@#13|@end of June 1605|Jen\u0151, Lippa, Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes surrendered to Bocskai Istv\u00e1n.@#14|@April 3, 1609|Prince B\u00e1thory G\u00e1bor of Transylvania confirmed the privileges of Lugos granted by Queen Isabella in 1551. He also confirmed the privileges of the eight Vlach noble districts (Lugos, Kar\u00e1nsebes, Meh\u00e1dia, Alm\u00e1s, Krass\u00f3, Borzava, Komj\u00e1th, Ily\u00e9d).@#15|@#16|@1622|Lugos became the seat of an Orthodox Eparchy.@#17|@#18|@1654|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania issued a charter of freedoms to Lugos in order to increase the number of soldiers.@1657|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Krak\u00f3w and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.@September 2, 1658|The Grand Vizier's army captured Jen\u0151 Castle. The Estates of Transylvania sent Governor Barcsay \u00c1kos, b\u00e1n of Lugos and Kar\u00e1nsebes, to his camp to ask him to have mercy on them. In return, the Grand Vizier demanded that the annual tax be raised from 15 to 40 thousand forints (gold coins) and that Lugos and Karansebes be ceded. The envoys had to accept the terms. This was the price for the Turks to leave Transylvania. The grand vizier appointed Barcsay prince on 14 September. Most of the town's population then fled to Transylvania. At the end of the century the castle was enlarged on the western side, thus doubling its area.@from 1658|The town was under the authority of the Bey of Kar\u00e1nsebes and Lugos, who had his seat in Kar\u00e1nsebes.@#23|@#25|@June 1688|Imperial Colonel Pax called for the Turkish garrison to surrendered the castle, and they did so willingly, after the imperial army marched into Transylvania in 1687@August 21, 1690|Th\u00f6k\u00f6ly Imre, the former leader of the anti-Habsburg Hungarian kuruc uprising, crossed the mountains with Turkish and Wallachian auxiliaries, attacked the imperial army of General Heisler from behind and defeated him.@September 21, 1690|The nobility of Transylvania joined Th\u00f6k\u00f6ly Imre and he was elected Prince of Transylvania in Szeben. Soon the combined armies of Castelli and Heisler pushed him out of Transylvania.@1690|The Turks took back Lugos.@#26|@January 1691|Colonel Bolland took back Lugos from the Turks.@July 27, 1691|Th\u00f6k\u00f6lyi Imre occupied Lugos, but the imperial army of Veterani took the town back in August.@September 21, 1695|Sultan Mustafa II won a pyrrhic victory over General Veterani, who was let down by Frederick Augustus, Elector of Saxony, the commander of the main imperial army. Veterani, who was favoured by the Transylvanians, fell in the battle. 1,000 Hungarian hussars also died heroically. Then the Turks attacked Lugos, slaughtered the guards and captured the castle.@October, 1695|The imperials took the town back from the small Turkish garrison left behind.@1696|The mercenaries of Herberstein plundered the town.@1699|According to the Treaty of Karlowitz, the town was left in the hands of the imperials, but the castle had to be destroyed.@1701|The castle was destroyed after the Turks demanded it.@#27|@1716|A new war broke out between the Habsburg and the Ottoman empires. After his victory at P\u00e9terv\u00e1rad, Prince Eugene of Savoy attacked Temesv\u00e1r. Cannonading destroyed most of the town in the siege that lasted 48 days until finally Pasha Mustafa surrendered.@1716|Prince Eugene of Savoy entrusted Claude Florimond de Mercy with the governance of Temesk\u00f6z (the area bounded by the rivers Maros, Tisza and Danube). Mercy was later appointed civil and military leader of the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Temes by King Charles IV of Hungary (Emperor Charles VI).@July 21, 1718|According to the Treaty of Passarowitz, Temesk\u00f6z was liberated from the Turks and Lugos became part of the newly created B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Temes. Temesv\u00e1r became the seat of the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Temes. Temesk\u00f6z was not reincorporated into Hungary, but was governed separately from Vienna under the name of B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Temes. The Habsburgs wanted to repopulate the area with Roman Catholic Germans and to make it an Austrian province, part of the Erblande (the Hereditary Lands of the Habsburgs). Habsburg rulers aimed to divide Hungary into separate parts and Germanize them one by one. To this end, they forbade the return of Hungarians to the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Temes, which was a Hungarian majority area before the Turkish invasion. Instead, the area was repopulated by German, Vlach and Serbian migrants.@from 1718|The town was the seat of the district of Lugos. On the left bank of the river, opposite to the town mainly inhabited by Vlachs on the right bank, a new town (N\u00e9metlugos) was founded by German settlers. German artisans and peasants moved to the town in several waves during the century. The settlement on the right bank was called from then on Ol\u00e1hlugos (Vlach Lugos).@1733|Minorites built a monastery.@1738|The Turks captured Orsova. Having heard the news of the attack, the neighbouring Vlachs swarmed at the town in a horde and began plundering. They attacked the Minorite church as well and even pulled out the iron clamps holding the walls together. The arriving Turkish pasha put an end to the looting. The Turks retreated to Orsova having been informed of the gathering Christian army.@1751|Empress Maria Theresia reorganized the administration of the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Temes. 8 of the 11 districts were removed from military governance and placed under civil administration , but the emperor exercised absolute power over the area. Of the remaining three districts, she organised the Military Border Region of B\u00e1ns\u00e1g. Lugos was placed under civil administration.@1778|At the demand of the Estates of Hungary, Empress Maria Theresia returned the area of the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Temes that was under civil governance to Hungary. This ended the unconstitutional status of the area and the counties of Toront\u00e1l, Temes and Krass\u00f3, which ceased to exist due to the Turkish conquest, were formed. Hungarians were no longer prohibited from settling in the area. Hungarians started to move to Temesk\u00f6z in larger numbers but they could never regain their former majority. The area was continued to be called simply B\u00e1ns\u00e1g (Banat refers to its eastern part that belongs to Romania now, and it is the simple translation of the Hungarian B\u00e1ns\u00e1g).@August 5, 1779|Krass\u00f3 County was solemnly recreated after the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Temes was re-incorporated into Hungary. Lugos became its seat.@1783|The first pharmacy was opened.@November 18, 1793|Ol\u00e1hlugos and N\u00e9metlugos were united.@1796|The town was granted the privilege to hold four country fairs every year.@1788|The army of Emperor Joseph II was defeated next to the town during the Turkish campaign.@1795|The two towns were united and the judge was elected from among the Germans and Vlachs alternately every year.@1833|The Maderspach Company constructed the first suspension bridge over the Temes River.@1835|A theatre was built without a permanent theatre company.@1836|Cholera decimated the population.@1837|A lower grammar school was established by the county and it was operated by the Minorites. It was closed in 1850.@between 1842 and 1845|The town was the centre of operation of Eftimie Murgu. They had radical leftist ideas and wanted to make B\u00e1ns\u00e1g an independent province and to break the authority of the Hungarian nobility and the Serb Orthodox Church.@January 8, 1848|The casino, the new social institution of the German speaking intellectuals was opened.@#28|@May 3, 1848|The April Laws of the Hungarian Revolution were read aloud in the county assembly.@May 1848|Serbian migrants started a rebellion and created an autonomous region called Serbian Voivodina. Their goal was to secede the territory from Hungary and unite it with Serbia. Volunteers arrived from the Principality of Serbia, which was under Turkish protectorate, to support them in order to create Greater Serbia. The rebellious Serbs fought on the side of the Habsburgs to crush the Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence. The Serbs began a large-scale ethnic cleansing campaign in Hungarian and Vlach villages, which extended to the area of B\u00e1ns\u00e1g.@June 27, 1848|The Vlach minority of B\u00e1ns\u00e1g held an assembly with the leadership of Eftimie Murgu. They asked the Hungarian Batthy\u00e1ny government for the creation of a Vlach autonomous district in B\u00e1ns\u00e1g under the captainship of Murgu, an independent Vlach Orthodox church hierarchy and the general mobilization of the population in B\u00e1ns\u00e1g. They offered their armed support for the Hungarian revolutionary government in exchange. On behalf of the government, Vukovics Seb\u0151 refused to fulfil the demands. Meanwhile, Murgu promised armed support for the revolutionaries of Wallachia as well. The town elected Eftimie Murgu member of the Hungarian Parliament in Pest. Eftimie Murgu was freed from imperial prison on 14 March, 1848 by the Hungarian Revolution in Pest together with T\u00e1ncsics Mih\u00e1ly as political prisoners.@1848|The imperial army and Serb insurgents captured Lugos. Serb insurgents supported the Habsburg ruler against the Hungarian Revolution.@April 19, 1849|The Hungarian army of General Bem J\u00f3zsef liberated Lugos. At the end of the war of independence, the money of the Hungarian revolutionary government was printed in Lugos.@August 8, 1849|The Hungarian government started negotiations with the representatives of the Vlach insurgents of Avram Iancu in Lugos. After the lost battle of Temesv\u00e1r, the Hungarian army split in two in Lugos. V\u00e9csey and Guyon marched on towards Facset, while the troops of Dessewffy and L\u00e1z\u00e1r were heading towards Kar\u00e1nsebes together with several Hungarian leaders.@August 12, 1849|Kossuth Lajos arrived in Lugos, after he handed over the supreme power to General G\u00f6rgey Arth\u00far. The Hungarian troops gathered in Lugos. G\u00f6rgey surrendered to the Russian intervention army at Vil\u00e1gos. Haynau ordered General Lichtenstein to hurry to Lugos to prevent the remaining Hungarian forces from also surrendering to the Russians.@August 16, 1849|Gulyon Rich\u00e1rd refused to surrender and General Bem J\u00f3zsef ordered him to set off towards Facset. The army of Dessewffy and L\u00e1z\u00e1r consisting of around 5,000 soldiers had already set off towards Kar\u00e1nsebes on the 15th. Kmetty heroically covered the retreat of the Hungarian army towards Facset with his 3,500 men and 12 cannons at Lugos. Then the army dissolved, and most of them surrendered at Vil\u00e1gos to the Russians.@after 1849|After the suppression of the Hungarian Revolution, the newer generations of the German citizens continued to speak German, but they identified themselves politically with the Hungarian nation. 150 Catholic families of Lugos sent a petition to the Bishop of Csan\u00e1d already in 1852 asking for messes to be conducted in Hungarian language.@after 1849|After the Hungarian War of Independence was suppressed by the Russian intervention, the Habsburg emperor created the province called Serb Vajdas\u00e1g and B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Temes from the former territories of the B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Temes and some parts of Serbian Voivodina declared arbitrarily by the Serbian rebels. This province was controlled directly from Vienna. This meant that the Habsburg emperor did not fulfil the Serb's demands, in return for which they turned against the Hungarians. None of the nationalities (Hungarians, Germans, Vlachs, Serbians) were anywhere near a majority in the new province.@1856\u201365|The Greek Catholic Diocese of Lugos was established. The diocese operated a teacher training institution from 1914 to around 1920.@1860|The province called Serb Vajdas\u00e1g and B\u00e1ns\u00e1g of Temes (created in 1849) was abolished and the area was re-incorporated into Hungary. This was part of the October Diploma issued by Emperor Franz Joseph, which brought a minor ease in Habsburg absolutism.@#30|@1873|The old Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny County was revived. Kar\u00e1nsebes became its seat.@1878|The Catholic school was nationalized, but the teaching language became exclusively Hungarian only in 1892. Hungarian was introduced in religious education in 1906. The first Hungarian performances were given in the theatre established by the Germans in 1875. Hungarian theatre companies became dominant already in the 1890\u2019s. With the organization of modern public administration, Hungarian intellectuals moved to the town, which hastened the process of the German population getting Hungarian identity.@from 1881|Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny County was merged with Krass\u00f3 County. Lugos became the seat of the new Krass\u00f3-Sz\u00f6r\u00e9ny County.@1889|N\u00e9metlugos and Rom\u00e1nlugos were united permanently.@1879|The town got railway connection with Temesv\u00e1r and Orsova.@1898|The town got railway connection with G\u00e1talja and Marosillye.@1888|Jacob Muschong established the largest factory of the town, brickworks.@1888|The famous film star Lugosi B\u00e9la (Count Dracula), born as Blask\u00f3 B\u00e9la, was born in Lugos.@1864|A distillery and a steam mill were established.@1907|The South Hungary Textile Industry Company (D\u00e9lmagyarorsz\u00e1gi Textilipar Rt.) was established. The Kammer brothers owned it from 1911.@1891|The girl\u2019s institution of the School Sisters of Notre Dame established in 1874 was promoted to the rank of civil school.@1894|An industrial apprentice\u2019s school was established.@1901|A civil boy\u2019s school and in 1903 a second civil girl\u2019s school were established.@1900|Electric lighting was introduced and a new theatre was inaugurated.@1902|The iron bridge was built, which became the symbol of the town.@1910|Out of its 19,818 inhabitants 6,875 were Hungarians (34,69%), 6,227 were Vlachs (31,42%), 6,151 were Germans (31,03%), 221 were Serbs (1,14%) and 127 were Slovaks (0,64%).@#31|@1916|On 27 August, Romania declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and launched an attack against Hungary. This triggered a huge wave of refugees from Transylvania, as the population feared a repeat of the Romanian ethnic cleansing of 1848-49. Austro-Hungarian and German forces drove the invaders out of the country by mid-October and occupied Bucharest on 6 December. Romania surrendered and signed a peace treaty with the central powers on 7 May 1918 (Treaty of Bucharest).@1918|On 3 November, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy signed the Armistice of Padua. The already defeated Romania then declared war on Germany on 10 November, just one day before the Germans signed the armistice near Compi\u00e8gne. The Romanians then launched an offensive against Hungary, which had already unconditionally ceased fighting at the demand of the Entente. Romania was only recognised by the Entente powers as one of the victors of WWI only later.@#32|@December 3, 1918|The French army invaded Temesv\u00e1r. The French arbitrarily divided the area of B\u00e1ns\u00e1g between the Serbians and the Romanians. Lugos went to the Romanians.@until 1920|Lugos was the cultural and political centre of the Vlachs in B\u00e1ns\u00e1g (Banat in Romanian). This was due to the strong social class of well-off Vlach artisans (there was no significant class of Vlach citizens in Temesv\u00e1r, the largest town of B\u00e1ns\u00e1g). The electoral district of the town regularly sent Vlach representatives to the Hungarian Parliament in Pest. Most of the Vlachs of Lugos supported the Vlach national opposition. Minutes were taken in the local council in Hungarian since 1886 besides the Vlach and German languages. After the introduction of street name signs in 1891, street names were displayed in Hungarian and in Vlach languages in Rom\u00e1nlugos and in Hungarian and in German languages in N\u00e9metlugos.@#36|@2002|7.2 million people lived in Transylvania, including 1.42 million Hungarians. There were 1.65 million Hungarians out of 5.2 million in 1910. The proportion of the Romanians increased from 53.78% to 74.69%, while the proportion of the Hungarians decreased from 31.64% to 19.6%. The proportion of the Germans dropped from 10.75% to below 1%. These changes were mainly the results of migration and the persecution of Hungarians and Saxons. Transylvania here refers to the entire territory that once belonged to Hungary, which is much larger than historical Transylvania.&Iv\u00e1nyi Istv\u00e1n: Lugos rendezett tan\u00e1cs\u00fa v\u00e1ros t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete|http:\/\/digiteka.ro\/detail\/19\/lugos-rendezett-tanacsu-varos-tortenete"},"sights":[{"sightId":1724,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"Biserica Sf\u00e2nta Treime","address":"Strada Bucegi","mapdata":"1|837|1128","gps_lat":"45.6836792833","gps_long":"21.9014665519","religion":1,"oldtype":"9","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Radu Trifan, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_Romano-Catolica_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Biserica Romano-Catolica Lugoj\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d8\/Biserica_Romano-Catolica_Lugoj.jpg\/256px-Biserica_Romano-Catolica_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_Romano-Catolica_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003ERadu Trifan\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Holy Trinity Fromer Minorite Church and Monastery","seolink":"holy-trinity-fromer-minorite-church-and-monastery","note":"","history":"The Minorites arrived in the town in 1718. The church was built in 1733-35, the church tower in 1832."},{"sightId":1725,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"Turnul Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae","address":"Strada Victor Vlad Delamarina","mapdata":"1|1502|627","gps_lat":"45.6867229345","gps_long":"21.9071258171","religion":1,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"121","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022ronada, CC BY 2.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:St._Nicholas_Tower_Lugoj.png\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022St. Nicholas Tower Lugoj\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/80\/St._Nicholas_Tower_Lugoj.png\/512px-St._Nicholas_Tower_Lugoj.png\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:St._Nicholas_Tower_Lugoj.png\u0022\u003Eronada\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 2.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"St. Nicholas Tower","seolink":"st-nicholas-tower","note":"","history":"The tower originally belonged to a church or monastery church built at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries, which was rebuilt in 1726 by Captain R\u00e1tz J\u00e1nos from Meh\u00e1dia in Baroque style."},{"sightId":1726,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Coriolan Brediceanu 7","mapdata":"1|838|747","gps_lat":"45.6860211229","gps_long":"21.9015414618","religion":2,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022ronada.com, CC BY 2.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lugoj_church.png\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Lugoj church\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ae\/Lugoj_church.png\/256px-Lugoj_church.png\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lugoj_church.png\u0022\u003Eronada.com\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 2.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Calvinist Church","seolink":"calvinist-church","note":"","history":"The church was built in 1906 according to the plans of Pongr\u00e1cz S\u00e1ndor."},{"sightId":1727,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"Capela Sf\u00e2ntul \u0218tefan","address":"Strada Alexandru Mocioni, Strada Cemei","mapdata":"1|450|1503","gps_lat":"45.6815496247","gps_long":"21.8980948285","religion":1,"oldtype":"2","newtype":"2","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"St. Stephen of Hungary Chapel","seolink":"st-stephen-of-hungary-chapel","note":"","history":"The chapel was built in 1780. In 1856, it was renovated by Deutsch D\u00e1vid with the stipulation that it be used for holy masses in Hungarian on both St. Stephen's feasts, in April and August."},{"sightId":1728,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"Catedrala Greco-Catolic\u0103 Cobor\u00e2rea Sf\u00e2ntului Spirit","address":"Pia\u021ba Iosif Constantin Dr\u0103gan 8","mapdata":"1|1322|907","gps_lat":"45.6850150881","gps_long":"21.9056875993","religion":4,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022zonemars, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lugoj_-_panoramio_-_zonemars_(1).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Lugoj - panoramio - zonemars (1)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/54\/Lugoj_-_panoramio_-_zonemars_%281%29.jpg\/512px-Lugoj_-_panoramio_-_zonemars_%281%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lugoj_-_panoramio_-_zonemars_(1).jpg\u0022\u003Ezonemars\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Holy Spirit Greek Catholic Cathedral","seolink":"holy-spirit-greek-catholic-cathedral","note":"","history":"The church was built in 1843-54 in the neoclassical style. In 1948, the Greek Catholic denomination was banned and the church was given to the Orthodox. It was returned to the Greek Catholics in 1990."},{"sightId":1729,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"Catedrala Adormirea Maicii Domnului","address":"Strada 20 Decembrie 1989","mapdata":"1|1414|563","gps_lat":"45.6871164150","gps_long":"21.9064332425","religion":5,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Radu Trifan, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_Ortodoxa_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Biserica Ortodoxa Lugoj\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/67\/Biserica_Ortodoxa_Lugoj.jpg\/512px-Biserica_Ortodoxa_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_Ortodoxa_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003ERadu Trifan\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Dormition of the Mother of God Orthodox Church","seolink":"dormition-of-the-mother-of-god-orthodox-church","note":"","history":"The church was built in 1759-66 in the Baroque style, designed by Johannes Breuttner, an architect from Temesv\u00e1r, and under the direction of master builder Johannes Burgel."},{"sightId":1730,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"Sinagoga Sefard\u0103","address":"Strada Cuza Vod\u0103 8","mapdata":"1|981|1479","gps_lat":"45.6815940438","gps_long":"21.9027381173","religion":6,"oldtype":"8","newtype":"120","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Radu Trifan, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sinagoga_din_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Sinagoga din Lugoj\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/65\/Sinagoga_din_Lugoj.jpg\/512px-Sinagoga_din_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sinagoga_din_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003ERadu Trifan\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Neolog Synagogue","seolink":"former-neolog-synagogue","note":"","history":"The synagogue was completed in 1842."},{"sightId":1731,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"Parohia Romano-Catolica","address":"Strada Bucegi 4","mapdata":"1|863|1181","gps_lat":"45.6833980876","gps_long":"21.9017192637","religion":1,"oldtype":"4","newtype":"4","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Turbojet, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lugoj,_Bucegi_4.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Lugoj, Bucegi 4\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3c\/Lugoj%2C_Bucegi_4.jpg\/512px-Lugoj%2C_Bucegi_4.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lugoj,_Bucegi_4.jpg\u0022\u003ETurbojet\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Roman Catholic Parish","seolink":"roman-catholic-parish","note":"","history":""},{"sightId":1732,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"Colegiul Na\u021bional Coriolan Brediceanu","address":"Splaiul Coriolan Brediceanu nr 3","mapdata":"1|972|1039","gps_lat":"45.6841991815","gps_long":"21.9027073733","religion":0,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"74","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Radu Trifan, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Colegiul_National_Coriolan_Brediceanu_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Colegiul National Coriolan Brediceanu Lugoj\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3d\/Colegiul_National_Coriolan_Brediceanu_Lugoj.jpg\/512px-Colegiul_National_Coriolan_Brediceanu_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Colegiul_National_Coriolan_Brediceanu_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003ERadu Trifan\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Hungarian Royal State Grammar School","seolink":"former-hungarian-royal-state-grammar-school","note":"","history":"In 1837, the Minorite monks were granted permission to establish a secondary school.The present school building was built between 1895-96 on the site of the house where the Minorites, who arrived in the town in 1718, first lived. After the Romanian occupation, it was expropriated by the Romanians in 1919 and became a Romanian state school. Today it is the Coriolan Brediceanu High School."},{"sightId":1733,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Some\u0219ului","mapdata":"1|1452|871","gps_lat":"45.6852221353","gps_long":"21.9067730941","religion":0,"oldtype":"11","newtype":"120","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022FOTO:FORTEPAN \/ Magyar F\u00f6ldrajzi M\u00fazeum \/ Erd\u00e9lyi M\u00f3r c\u00e9ge, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Izabella_t%C3%A9r_(Piata_Iosif_Constantin_Dr%C4%83gan),_V%C3%A1rmegyeh%C3%A1za._Fortepan_86665.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Izabella t\u00e9r (Piata Iosif Constantin Dr\u0103gan), V\u00e1rmegyeh\u00e1za. Fortepan 86665\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/32\/Izabella_t%C3%A9r_%28Piata_Iosif_Constantin_Dr%C4%83gan%29%2C_V%C3%A1rmegyeh%C3%A1za._Fortepan_86665.jpg\/512px-Izabella_t%C3%A9r_%28Piata_Iosif_Constantin_Dr%C4%83gan%29%2C_V%C3%A1rmegyeh%C3%A1za._Fortepan_86665.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Izabella_t%C3%A9r_(Piata_Iosif_Constantin_Dr%C4%83gan),_V%C3%A1rmegyeh%C3%A1za._Fortepan_86665.jpg\u0022\u003EFOTO:FORTEPAN \/ Magyar F\u00f6ldrajzi M\u00fazeum \/ Erd\u00e9lyi M\u00f3r c\u00e9ge\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former County Hall","seolink":"former-county-hall","note":"","history":"The former country hall was built between 1843 and 1859."},{"sightId":1734,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"Prim\u0103ria","address":"Pia\u021ba Victoriei 4","mapdata":"1|1409|706","gps_lat":"45.6862813450","gps_long":"21.9063760334","religion":0,"oldtype":"15","newtype":"12","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Radu Trifan, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Primaria_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Primaria Lugoj\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8b\/Primaria_Lugoj.jpg\/512px-Primaria_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Primaria_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003ERadu Trifan\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Hungarian Royal Financial Directorate, Town Hall","seolink":"former-hungarian-royal-financial-directorate-town-hall","note":"","history":"The eclectic palace was built in 1903-05 for the Directorate of Finance."},{"sightId":1735,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"Muzeul de Istorie, Etnografie \u0219i Art\u0103 Plastic\u0103","address":"Strada Nicolae B\u0103lcescu 4","mapdata":"1|1049|1292","gps_lat":"45.6827297736","gps_long":"21.9032874838","religion":0,"oldtype":"84","newtype":"98","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022ronada, CC BY 2.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lugoj_museum.png\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Lugoj museum\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f9\/Lugoj_museum.png\/512px-Lugoj_museum.png\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lugoj_museum.png\u0022\u003Eronada\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 2.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former People's Bank of Lugos, Town Museum","seolink":"former-peoples-bank-of-lugos-town-museum","note":"","history":"Since 1968, the town museum has been housed in the former People's Bank of Lugos (Lugosi N\u00e9pbank), built in 1899-1901."},{"sightId":1736,"townId":67,"active":2,"name_LO":"Theater Traian Grazavescu","address":"Splaiul Coriolan Brediceanu 4","mapdata":"1|915|945","gps_lat":"45.6848279749","gps_long":"21.9021915827","religion":0,"oldtype":"91","newtype":"91","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Radu Trifan, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Teatrul_Traian_Grozavescu_-_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Teatrul Traian Grozavescu - Lugoj\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e8\/Teatrul_Traian_Grozavescu_-_Lugoj.jpg\/512px-Teatrul_Traian_Grozavescu_-_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Teatrul_Traian_Grozavescu_-_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003ERadu Trifan\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Theatre","seolink":"theatre","note":"","history":"The building was built in 1900 as a theatre."},{"sightId":1737,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"Judec\u0103toria","address":"Strada 20 Decembrie 1989 13","mapdata":"1|1203|375","gps_lat":"45.6882602567","gps_long":"21.9047424392","religion":0,"oldtype":"17","newtype":"17","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022ronada, CC BY 2.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Municipal_court_lugoj.png\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Municipal court lugoj\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/75\/Municipal_court_lugoj.png\/512px-Municipal_court_lugoj.png\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Municipal_court_lugoj.png\u0022\u003Eronada\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 2.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Hungarian Royal Court of Justice","seolink":"former-hungarian-royal-court-of-justice","note":"","history":"Built in the Eclectic style between 1911-13."},{"sightId":1738,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"Hotel Restaurant Dacia","address":"Strada Alexandru Mocioni 7","mapdata":"1|911|1275","gps_lat":"45.6828133087","gps_long":"21.9021627856","religion":0,"oldtype":"80","newtype":"80","homepage":"http:\/\/www.hotel-dacia.ro\/about.html","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Former Drei Rosen Inn, King of Hungary Hotel","seolink":"former-drei-rosen-inn-king-of-hungary-hotel","note":"","history":"There has been news of the inn since 1835. Originally called Drei Rosen, it was called Kaiser Gasthaus after the 1848-49 Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence, and K\u00f6nig von Ungarn during the Dualism era (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy). After the Romanian occupation in 1918 it was renamed Dacia."},{"sightId":1739,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"Spitalului Municipal Dr. Teodor Andrei","address":"Strada Gheorghe Doja 36","mapdata":"","gps_lat":"45.6904879498","gps_long":"21.8886765521","religion":0,"oldtype":"71","newtype":"71","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Town Hospital","seolink":"town-hospital","note":"","history":"The hospital was built in the Art Nouveau style between 1909-10 according to the plans of Vill\u00e1nyi \u00c1rmin."},{"sightId":1740,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"Podul De Fier","address":"Strada Nicolae B\u0103lcescu","mapdata":"1|1136|1114","gps_lat":"45.6837844285","gps_long":"21.9039678927","religion":0,"oldtype":"30","newtype":"30","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Tibs at Romanian Wikipedia, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Podul_de_Fier_din_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Podul de Fier din Lugoj\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b2\/Podul_de_Fier_din_Lugoj.jpg\/512px-Podul_de_Fier_din_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Podul_de_Fier_din_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003ETibs at Romanian Wikipedia\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Iron Bridge","seolink":"iron-bridge","note":"","history":"The iron bridge of Temes, the symbol of the town, was built in 1902 in the ironworks of Resica, on the site of an earlier wooden bridge."},{"sightId":1741,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"Palatul Muschong","address":"Strada Cernei 4","mapdata":"1|474|1473","gps_lat":"45.6817119407","gps_long":"21.8983344352","religion":0,"oldtype":"50","newtype":"80","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Radu Trifan, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Hotel_Timis_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Hotel Timis Lugoj\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d4\/Hotel_Timis_Lugoj.jpg\/512px-Hotel_Timis_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Hotel_Timis_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003ERadu Trifan\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Muschong Palace","seolink":"muschong-palace","note":"","history":"The house was built in 1926. Muschong Jakab (1868-1923) was a wealthy brickmaker."},{"sightId":1742,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Unirii, Splaiu Corneliu Coposu","mapdata":"1|1186|1040","gps_lat":"45.6842312082","gps_long":"21.9045097484","religion":0,"oldtype":"81,84","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Karl Hart\n, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lugoj,_Palatul_Bejan.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Lugoj, Palatul Bejan\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Lugoj%2C_Palatul_Bejan.jpg\/256px-Lugoj%2C_Palatul_Bejan.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lugoj,_Palatul_Bejan.jpg\u0022\u003EKarl Hart\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"B\u00e9s\u00e1n Palace, Former Corso Caf\u00e9 and South Hungary Bank","seolink":"besan-palace-former-corso-cafe-and-south-hungary-bank","note":"","history":"Built between 1901-04, it once housed the Corso Grand Caf\u00e9 and the Bank of South Hungary (D\u00e9lmagyarorsz\u00e1gi Bank)."},{"sightId":1743,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"Episcopia Greco-Catolic\u0103 de Lugoj","address":"Strada Episcop dr. Ioan B\u0103lan nr.6","mapdata":"1|1161|1730","gps_lat":"45.6801293300","gps_long":"21.9042565671","religion":4,"oldtype":"7","newtype":"7","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Greek Catholic Episcopal Palace","seolink":"greek-catholic-episcopal-palace","note":"","history":""},{"sightId":1744,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Some\u0219ului, Pia\u021ba Iosif Constantin Dr\u0103gan","mapdata":"1|1405|925","gps_lat":"45.6849498032","gps_long":"21.9063366674","religion":0,"oldtype":"16","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Tobacco Exchange","seolink":"tobacco-exchange","note":"","history":""},{"sightId":1745,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Splaiul Coriolan Brediceanu, Strada Alexandru Mocioni","mapdata":"1|1047|1153","gps_lat":"45.6835381128","gps_long":"21.9032275536","religion":0,"oldtype":"50","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Adrian Farcas, CC BY 2.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Targul_de_Martisoare_2_(5488086067).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Targul de Martisoare 2 (5488086067)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3b\/Targul_de_Martisoare_2_%285488086067%29.jpg\/512px-Targul_de_Martisoare_2_%285488086067%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Targul_de_Martisoare_2_(5488086067).jpg\u0022\u003EAdrian Farcas\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 2.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"V\u00e9rtes Palace","seolink":"vertes-palace","note":"","history":""},{"sightId":1746,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Banatului","mapdata":"1|749|1873","gps_lat":"45.6792218456","gps_long":"21.9007494792","religion":0,"oldtype":"21","newtype":"18","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Former Archduke Joseph Military Barracks","seolink":"former-archduke-joseph-military-barracks","note":"","history":""},{"sightId":1747,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Episcop dr. Ioan B\u0103lan","mapdata":"1|1115|1660","gps_lat":"45.6805629508","gps_long":"21.9038431139","religion":4,"oldtype":"6","newtype":"4","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Former Greek Catholic Seminary","seolink":"former-greek-catholic-seminary","note":"","history":""},{"sightId":1748,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"BCR","address":"Strada Cuza Vod\u0103 4","mapdata":"1|897|1340","gps_lat":"45.6824557166","gps_long":"21.9020550277","religion":0,"oldtype":"84","newtype":"84","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Former Austro-Hungarian Bank","seolink":"former-austro-hungarian-bank","note":"","history":""},{"sightId":1749,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Bucegi 1","mapdata":"1|851|1255","gps_lat":"45.6829950208","gps_long":"21.9016368668","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Radu Trifan, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Centrul_Pietonal2_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Centrul Pietonal2 Lugoj\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5c\/Centrul_Pietonal2_Lugoj.jpg\/512px-Centrul_Pietonal2_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Centrul_Pietonal2_Lugoj.jpg\u0022\u003ERadu Trifan\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Calvinist Apartment House","seolink":"calvinist-apartment-house","note":"","history":"The tenement house was built by the Reformed (Calvinist) Church in 1906, based on plans by Vill\u00e1nyi \u00c1rmin."},{"sightId":1750,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Nicolae B\u0103lcescu","mapdata":"1|1055|1323","gps_lat":"45.6825163067","gps_long":"21.9033593200","religion":0,"oldtype":"93","newtype":"20","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Former Hungarian Casino","seolink":"former-hungarian-casino","note":"","history":"The building of the former Hungarian casino is now the Army House."},{"sightId":1751,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"\u015ecoala Gimnazial\u0103 Ani\u015foara Odeanu","address":"nr. 6,-, Strada Bucegi 7","mapdata":"1|798|1160","gps_lat":"45.6835015863","gps_long":"21.9012327849","religion":0,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"74","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Former Hungarian Royal State 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href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Amigo Caf\u00e9","seolink":"former-amigo-cafe","note":"","history":"This building was the town's first theatre, built in 1835."},{"sightId":1753,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Unirii, Strada, Splaiul George Co\u0219buc","mapdata":"1|1218|1077","gps_lat":"45.6840143307","gps_long":"21.9046701471","religion":0,"oldtype":"50","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Haberehrn Palace","seolink":"haberehrn-palace","note":"","history":""},{"sightId":1754,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"Poli\u021bia","address":"Pia\u021ba Iosif Constantin 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src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Lugoj_Library.jpg\/512px-Lugoj_Library.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lugoj_Library.jpg\u0022\u003Eronada.com\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 2.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Post Office","seolink":"former-post-office","note":"","history":""},{"sightId":1756,"townId":67,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Cuza Vod\u0103, Strada Oltului","mapdata":"1|916|1377","gps_lat":"45.6822292259","gps_long":"21.9022460017","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"G\u00e1sp\u00e1ri Palace","seolink":"gaspari-palace","note":"","history":""}]},"language":"en","region":"romania","regionid":4,"offer":[],"gallery":false,"album":false}