Arad
Arad
Arad
Hungarian:
Arad
Romanian:
Arad
German:
Arad
Latin:
Aradinum
Nenea hartia, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Historical Hungarian county:
Arad
Country:
Romania
County:
Arad
River:
Maros
Altitude:
110 m
GPS coordinates:
46.171756, 21.31577
Google map:
Population
Population:
159k
Hungarian:
9.68%
Population in 1910
| Total | 63166 |
|---|---|
| Hungarian | 72.96% |
| German | 6.91% |
| Vlach | 16.27% |
| Serbian | 2.87% |
The city on the banks of the Maros River with a turbulent history has risen from the ashes several times. Arad County was founded by St Stephen of Hungary in the first half of the 11th century. The name of Arad is derived from a Hungarian personal name, probably the name of the first ispán of the county. The first castle named Arad was not yet here, but 7 km east of the present town. Arad was destroyed by the Mongols, and was not mentioned as a castle for a long time. The foundations of modern Arad were laid by refugees fleeing Turkish raids. In 1551, the Turks captured Arad Castle, completely destroyed the town, massacred its population and built a new wooden palisade. Arad was liberated by the Hungarian troops of the Transylvanian Principality in 1595, but in 1616 the prince was forced to cede it again at the Turkish demand. It was finally liberated in the 1680s and became the seat of a frontier region. In the 18th century the Habsburgs built a huge modern fortress near Arad. This was captured by the Hungarians in 1849 during the Hungarian War of Independence after a bloody nine-month siege. Following the Russian intervention, the commander of the Austrian armies, Haynau, had 13 Hungarian officers (12 generals and a colonel) executed in Arad, who are known today as the Arad Martyrs. The famous Statue of Liberty, the work of Zala György, was erected in their memory in 1890. The city underwent a major development after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, and in 1909 the car industry was launched. After the Romanian occupation, the Romanian authorities had the Statue of Liberty removed and they allowed the statue to be re-erected only in 2004, not in its original place, but in the company of a Romanian triumphal arch. The town, still predominantly Hungarian at the time of the occupation, became a Romanian-majority town as a result of the settlements and persecutions during the 20th century.
Check out other towns in Transylvania as well!
History
Sights
© OpenStreetMap contributors
895
Arrival of the Hungarians
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895
The alliance of the seven Hungarian tribes took possession of the then largely uninhabited Carpathian Basin. Until then, the sparse Slavic population of the north-western Carpathians had lived under Moravian rule for a few decades after the collapse of the Avar Khaganate in the early 9th century.
1000
Foundation of the Hungarian Kingdom
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1000
The Kingdom of Hungary was established with the coronation of King Stephen I. He converted the Hungarians to Christianity and created two archdioceses (Esztergom and Kalocsa) and ten dioceses. He divided Hungary into counties led by ispáns, who were appointed by the king.
1002
King Stephen I of Hungary settled border guards here, who were under the command of Arad.
1000's
The pagan leader Ajtony broke away from the Christian Kingdom of Hungary ruled by King Stephen I. He established his centre in Marosvár and allied himself to the Bulgars. Ajtony's ethnic origin is unknown, but his name comes from the Turk Altyn word, which means gold. His state is taken to be Proto-Romanian by official Romanian history without any credible evidence. His people were engaged in animal husbandry (horse and cattle breeding) and to a smaller extent in cultivation of land. The most important income of Ajtony was the duty levied arbitrarily on salt transported on the Maros River.
1019
Basil II the Bulgar Slayer, Byzantine Emperor, occupied Bulgaria. Ajtony pledged allegiance to the Greek emperor. He was baptized in Vidin and he invited Greek monks to his domain, but he continued to have seven wives according to the custom of the Bulgar aristocracy and lived a pagan life.
1028
After the death of Emperor Basil II, King Stephen I of Hungary sent an army to deal with Ajtony. According to the legend, Csanád, the leader of the Hungarian army, lost the first battle. But when St. George appeared in his dream in the form of a lion, he immediately set off and attacked the camp of Ajtony by night. The Hungarian army defeated Ajtony on the plain near Nagyősz, who was beheaded. King Stephen I renamed Marosvár to Csanád after the victorious commander and made him the firts ispán of Csanád County.
1029
Arad County was established after the defeat of Ajtony. The name Arad comes from a personal name. Arad (Urod, Orod) was most likely the name of the fist ispán of the castle appointed by King Stephen I after the victory over Ajtony.
11th century
It was the centre of a castle county. The first castle stood 7 kilometres to the east from the present-day town in the territory of the former village of Öthalom or Glogovác.
1131
Ilona, the Serbian wife of King Béla II of Hungary, had 68 aristocrats executed here, who were allegedly guilty in the blinding of her husband. The chapter of Arad was established from their confiscated properties. King Béla was the son of Álmos, the brother of King Kálmán. Kálmán ordered the blinding of Álmos and his son, Béla, in order to make them unable to rule, because Álmos attempted to take the throne several times.
1132
The castle was mentioned for the first time. This was not identical to the present-day fortress. It stood 7 kilometres to the east.
1135
King Béla II of Hungary established a chapter in Arad.
1224
The wife of King Andrew II of Hungary, Johanna, completed the construction of the basilica dedicated to St. Martin, which was started by King Béla II. The basilica was destroyed in 1552.
1241-1242
Mongol Invasion
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1241-1242
The hordes of the Mongol Empire invaded Hungary and almost completely destroyed it. One third to one half of the population was destroyed. The Mongols also suffered heavy losses in the battle of Muhi and they could not hunt down the king. After their withdrawal, King Béla IV reorganized Hungary. He allowed the feudal lords to build stone castles because they were able to successfully resist the nomadic Mongols. The vast majority of stone castles were built after this. The king called in German, Vlach (Romanian) and Slavic settlers to replace the destroyed population.
1241-42
Mongols destroyed the castle and the town of Arad (Orod). The town was burned to ashes and could hardly recover. The present-day town was founded by refugees fleeing from the Turkish raids on Hungary west of the old town of Orod on the banks of the Maros River.
1285
The town was devastated by the second Mongol invasion. In the following centuries Arad was not mentioned as a castle.
after 1241
Cumans and Vlachs settled in the neighbourhood.
1301
The extinction of the House of Árpád
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1301
The House of Árpád, the first Hungarian royal dynasty, died out with the death of King Andrew III. Hungary was ruled by oligarchs, the most powerful of whom was Csák Máté, whose main ally was the Aba family. King Charles I (1308-1342), supported by the Pope, eventually emerged as the most prominent of the contenders for the Hungarian throne. But it took decades to break the power of the oligarchs.
1388
Arad was an oppidum.
1459
The raiders of the army of Mehmed II the Conqueror reached as far as Arad.
1514
Arad was plundered by the peasant army of Dózsa György.
1526
Battle of Mohács and the splitting of Hungary into two parts
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1526
Sultan Suleiman I launched a war against Vienna, instigated by the French. Ferdinand I, Duke of Austria, was the brother-in-law of King Louis II of Hungary. The army of the Ottoman Empire defeated the much smaller Hungarian army at Mohács, and King Louis II died in the battle. A group of the barons elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the throne, who promised to defend Hungary from the Turks. He was the younger brother of the most powerful European monarch Emperor Charles V. But the nobility chose the most powerful Hungarian baron, Szapolyai János, who was also crowned as King John I. The country was split in two and a decades-long struggle for power began.
1541
The Turkish occupation of the capital, Buda, and the division of Hungary into three parts
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1541
The Turks conquered Buda, the capital of Hungary, after the death of King John I. The central part of the country was under Turkish rule for 150 years. The western and northern parts (including present-day Slovakia) formed the Kingdom of Hungary ruled by the Habsburg emperors. The eastern parts (now mainly under Romanian rule) were ruled by the successors of King John I of Hungary, who later established the Principality of Transylvania.
1551
The child John Sigismund's guardian, George Martinuzzi, with Castaldo's imperial army, forced Queen Isabella to surrender the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (including Transylvania) to King Ferdinand I. Isabella left for Poland with her child, the heir to the throne. The Turks then launched a punitive campaign against Hungary.
September 18, 1551
The Turks conquered the castle of Arad. The Turks completely destroyed the town and slaughtered its inhabitants.
1552 - 1554
The Turks built a new palisade near the present-day bridge of Újarad.
until 1554
Arad was the seat of a sanjak.
1556
The Estates of Transylvania, dissatisfied with Habsburg rule, recalled Queen Isabella to the throne, to which the Sultan gave his consent. On her return, she regained control of eastern Hungary.
1570
The establishment of the Principality of Transylvania
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1570
John II (John Sigismund), the son of King John I of Hungary, renounced the title of King of Hungary in favor of King Maximilian of the House of Habsburg, and henceforth held the title of Prince. This formally created the Principality of Transylvania, which was the eastern half of Hungary not ruled by the Habsburgs and was also a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. John II died in 1571, after which the three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Székelys and the Saxons) elected the prince.
1591-1606
Fifteen Years' War
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1591-1606
The Ottoman Empire started a war against the Habsburg Empire. The war was waged in the territory of Hungary. The Turks defeated the combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Principality of Transylvania in the battle of Mezőkeresztes in 1596, but their victory was not decisive. The war devastated the Principality of Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror.
June 11, 1594
Prince Báthory Zsigmond of Transylvania openly declared his break with the Ottoman Empire.
May 27, 1595
Prince Báthory Zsigmond of Transylvania appointed the battle-hardened Borbély György Bán of Karánsebes and Lugos. Borbély defeated the army of the Pasha of Temesvár at Facsád on 13 August and liberated Lippa on 1 September. Then he pressed on as far as Arad and liberated that town either, and several castles on his way.
1595
The army of Prince Báthory Zsigmond of Transylvania liberated Arad in the Thirteen Years War. Captain Szelestey János tried to rebuild and reinforce the castle.
1598
The Turks took the castle back, but Prince Bocskai István of Transylvania took control of Arad at the beginning of the 17th century.
1604-1606
Uprising of Bocskai István
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1604-1606
The alliance of the Habsburgs and the Principality of Transylvania was defeated by the Ottoman Empire in the Fifteen Years' War. The war devastated Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg imperial army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror. The nobility and the burghers were upset about the terror, the plundering mercenaries and the violent Counter-Reformation. Bocskai István decided to lead their uprising after the Habsburg emperor tried to confiscate his estates. Bocskai also rallied the hajdú warriors to his side. He was elected Prince of Transylvania and soon liberated the Kingdom of Hungary from the Habsburgs. In 1605 Bocskai István was crowned King of Hungary with the crown he received from the Turks.
23 June 1606
Peace of Vienna
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23 June 1606
Bocski István made peace with Emperor Rudolf. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and the freedom of religion. The counties of Szatmár, Bereg and Ugocsa were annexed to the Principality of Transylvania. Bocskai died of illness in the same year, leaving to his successors the idea of unifying Hungary from Transylvania.
1616
Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania had to hand Arad over to the Turks, because they demanded it. Arad County ceased to exist; it was only recreated in 1735.
1619
The campaign of Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1619
At the beginning of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania went to war against the Habsburg emperor as an ally of the rebelling Czech-Moravian-Austrian estates. The whole Kingdom of Hungary joined him, only the Austrian defenders of Pozsony had to be put to the sword. With his allies, he laid siege to Vienna. However, he was forced to abandon the siege because the Habsburg-loyal Hungarian aristocrat Homonnai Drugeth György attacked his heartland with Polish mercenaries. On 25 August 1620, the Diet of Besztercebánya elected Bethlen Gábor King of Hungary as vassal of the Turks. He continued to fight after the defeat of the Czechs at White Mountain on 8 November 1620, but without real chance to achieve decisive victory, he decided to come to an agreement with Emperor Ferdinand II.
31 December 1621
Peace of Nikolsburg
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31 December 1621
Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand II. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and later it was supplemented with the freedom of religion. Bethlen renounced the title of King of Hungary in exchange for seven counties of the Upper Tisza region (Szabolcs, Szatmár, Bereg, Ugocsa, Zemplén, Borsod, Abaúj) for the rest of his life, other estates in Hungary as his private property and the imperial title of Duke of Oppeln and Ratibor (Opole and Racibórz), one of the Duchies of Silesia. Prince Bethlen went to war against the Habsburgs in 1623 and 1626, but was unable to negotiate more favourable terms.
1644-1645
The campaign of Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1644-1645
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania allied with the Swedes and the French in the Thirty Years' War and went to war against the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand III. On 18 July 1645 his army joined forces with Torstenson's Swedish army under Brno (Moravia). The excellent artillery of Transylvania opened fire on the city walls. However, Rákóczi had to give up the siege, having been informed that the Turks were planning a punitive campaign against Transylvania, because he went to war against the Sultan's prohibition.
16 December 1645
Peace of Linz
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16 December 1645
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand III. It secured the freedom of religion for the Protestants and extended it also to the serfs. Rákóczi received the same seven Hungarian counties that Prince Bethlen Gábor had also held (Abauj, Zemplén, Borsod, Bereg, Ugocsa, Szabolcs, Szatmár) until his death, and the counties of Szabolcs and Szatmár were also to be inherited by his sons. The Rákóczi family also received several new estates.
1657
Prince Rákóczi György II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Kraków and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.
July 14, 1658
Prince Rákóczi György II of Transylvania defeated the army of the Pasha of Buda here. The prince captured the town for a short time and set it on fire.
1683
Turkish defeat at Vienna and the formation of the Holy League
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1683
The combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Kingdom of Poland defeated the Turkish army besieging Vienna. Emperor Leopold I wanted to make peace with the Turks, but was refused by Sultan Mehmed IV. In 1684, at the persistent urging of Pope Innocent XI, the Holy League, an alliance of the Kingdom of Poland, the Habsburg Empire, the Republic of Venice and the Papal States, was formed to expel the Turks from Hungary. Thököly Imre, who had allied himself with the Turks, was gradually driven out of northern Hungary.
December 5, 1685
Arad was taken back from the Turks.
1686
Recapture of Buda and the liberation of Hungary from the Turks
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1686
The army of the Holy League recaptured Buda from the Turks by siege. In 1687, the Imperial army invaded the Principality of Transylvania. The liberation was hindered by the French breaking their promise of peace in 1688 and attacking the Habsburg Empire. By 1699, when the Peace of Karlóca was signed, all of Hungary and Croatia had been liberated from the Ottoman Empire with the exception of Temesköz, the area bounded by the Maros, the Tisza and the Danube rivers. It was not until the Peace of Požarevac in 1718 that Temesköz was liberated from the Turks. However, the continuous war against the Turkish invaders and the Habsburg autocracy, which lasted for more than 150 years, wiped out large areas of the Hungarian population, which had previously made up 80% of the country's population, and was replaced by Vlachs (Romanians), Serbs and other Slavic settlers and Germans. The Habsburgs also favoured the settlement of these foreign peoples over the 'rebellious' Hungarians.
1688
Arad was liberated from Turkish rule permanently.
1690
Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again, with internal autonomy and freedom of religion
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1690
According to the Diploma Leopoldinum issued by Emperor Leopold I, Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again and Hungarian law remained in force. The three nations (the Hungarians, the Székelys – who are also Hungarians –, and the Saxons) administered its internal affairs with autonomy and the freedom of religion was also preserved. The incorporation of Transylvania into the Habsburg Empire was prevented by the temporary election of Thököly Imre as Prince of Transylvania in 1690 with Turkish help.
1690
One hundred thousand Serbians crossed the Danube and fled from the Turks to the territory of Hungary with the leadership of Arsen Csernojevics. They settled in southern Hungary north of the Danube, also in the neighbourhood of Arad. The Habsburg rulers employed the militant Serbians as border guards, and they also used them against the Hungarians several times, when they were fighting for the independence of their homeland.
1698
The palisade was repaired.
1699 - 1741
After the Peace of Karlóca, Arad was the seat of the Military Frontier of Maros, which was a special territory under military administration along Turkish border. The Maros River formed the border between the Habsburg ruled Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.
1702
Arad became a privileged town under the authority of the royal chamber, which kick-started its development.
1703-1711
Hungarian War of Independence led by Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II
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1703-1711
After the expulsion of the Turks, the Habsburgs treated Hungary as a newly conquered province and did not respect its constitution. The serfs rose up against the Habsburg ruler because of the sufferings caused by the war and the heavy burdens, and they invited Rákóczi Ferenc II to lead them. Trusting in the help promised by King Louis XIV of France, he accepted. Rákóczi rallied the nobility to his side, and soon most of the country was under his control. The rebels were called the kurucs. In 1704, the French and the Bavarians were defeated at the Battle of Blenheim, depriving the Hungarians of their international allies. The Rusyn, Slovak and Vlach peasants and the Saxons of Szepes supported the fight for freedom, while the Serbs in the south and the Saxons in Transylvania served the Habsburgs. Due to lack of funds Rákóczi could not raise a strong regular army, and in 1710, Hungary was also hit by a severe plague. Rákóczi tried unsuccessfully to forge an alliance with Tsar Peter the Great of Russia. In his absence, without his knowledge, his commander-in-chief, Károlyi Sándor, accepted Emperor Joseph I's peace offer. The Peace of Szatmár formally restored the Hungarian constitution and religious freedom and granted amnesty, but did not ease the burden of serfdom. Rákóczi refused to accept the pardon and went into exile. He died in Rodosto, Turkey.
1715
The Franciscan Minorite monk Camil Hofflich established the first German school.
from 1718
According to the Treaty of Passarowitz, the lands south of the Maros River (Bánság) were liberated from Turkish rule. Bánság was not reunited with Hungary, but was put directly under the authority of the imperial court in Vienna until 1778. Hungarians were prohibited from settling in Bánság. Habsburg rulers repopulated the once nearly entirely Hungarian territory with German, Vlach and Serbian migrants instead.
from 1723
Germans were settled on the south bank of the Maros River in three waves, who established Újarad.
1745
The grammar school of Arad was established.
1748
Arad became the seat of Arad County.
1750
Empress Maria Theresia forbade the inhabitants of Arad to settle in the neighbourhood of the new fortress that was under construction. The town handed over the island covered with forest at the bend of the Maros River for the purpose of the construction. The regular hexagonal star shape fortress was built in Vauban style according to the plans of General Philipp Ferdinand Harsch.
between 1763 and 1783
The fortress was constructed. It had a perimeter of 3,180 metres and it covered a huge area of 730 thousand square metres. A bastion was located on each sides and it had six gates. The fortress was surrounded with ramparts and moats, which could be flooded by the water of the Maros River when needed. The fortress could accommodate 3,600 soldiers and 296 cannons.
1776
A royal decree was issued to move the entire town to the site of the present-day village of Zimánd, because of the construction of the fortress, but it was never executed. This plan was dropped completely in 1871 by Emperor Joseph II.
1812
The first teacher training institute with Vlach as the language of education was established in the territory of Hungary. It was called Preparandia.
1817-1818
The carpet merchant Hirschl Jakab built the first theatre of Arad, which is the oldest, still existing stone theatre in the territory of present-day Romania. Performances were given in Hungarian, German and Vlach languages as well.
1818
The protection zone of the fortress was reduced from 2 kilometres fixed in 1783 to 500 metres.
1822
Ortodox seminary was established.
1833
The sixth conservatory of Europe was established in Arad (after Paris, Prague, Brussels, Vienna and London) by the name Aradi Zenede.
1833
The construction of the town hospital started.
August 21, 1834
King Francis I of Hungary (Emperor Francis II) made Arad a free royal town.
1840-1841
The White Cross Hotel was built. Liszt Ferenc, Johann Strauss and Johannes Brahms gave concerts within its walls, and the famous Hungarian writers and poets Móricz Zsigmond, Jókai Mór, Ady Endre and Krúdy Gyula were among its guests.
1846
Liszt Ferenc gave a concert in the town.
1847
The Calvinist church was built in the centre according to the plans of Hoffer József. It was extended with a prayer room and an organ loft according to the plans of Szántay Lajos in 1925.
1848-1849
Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence
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1848-1849
Following the news of the Paris Revolution on 22 February 1848, the Hungarian liberal opposition led by Kossuth Lajos demanded the abolition of serfdom, the abolition of the tax exemption of the nobility, a parliament elected by the people, and an independent and accountable national government. The revolution that broke out in Pest on 15 March expressed its demands in 12 points, which, in addition to the above mentioned, included the freedom of the press, equality before the law, the release of the political prisoners and the union with Transylvania. A Hungarian government was formed, Batthyány Lajos became prime minister, and on 11 April Emperor Ferdinand V ratified the reform laws. On August 31 the Emperor demanded the repeal of the laws threatening with military intervention. In September the Emperor unleashed the army of Jelacic, Ban of Croatia, on Hungary, but they were defeated by the Hungarians in the Battle of Pákozd on 29 September. An open war began for the independence of Hungary. The Habsburgs incited the nationalities against the Hungarians. The Rusyns, the Slovenes and most of the Slovaks and Germans supported the cause persistently, but the Vlachs (Romanians) and the Serbians turned against the Hungarians. The glorious Spring Campaign in 1849 led by General Görgei Artúr liberated almost all of Hungary. On 1 May 1849, Emperor Franz Joseph, effectively admitting defeat, asked for the help of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, who sent an intervention army of 200,000 soldiers against Hungary. The resistance became hopeless against the overwhelming enemy forces and on 13 August Görgei Artúr surrendered to the Russians at Világos. Bloody reprisals followed, and on 6 October 1849, 12 generals and a colonel of the Hungarian Revolution, the martyrs of Arad, were executed in Arad. On the same day, Batthyány Lajos, the first Hungarian Prime Minister, was executed by firing squad in Pest. The Habsburgs introduced total authoritarianism in Hungary, but they also failed to fulfil their promises to the nationalities that had betrayed the Hungarians.
March 17, 1848
Local youths read the 12 points of the Hungarian Revolution out loud in the Hirschl Theatre and recited the National Song (Nemzeti dal) written by Petőfi Sándor. The town's council accepted the 12 points on 20 March, but the fortress remained under Habsburg command.
June 28, 1849
Hungarian forces captured the fortress of Arad after nine months of bloody siege. The imperials left the fortress in accordance with the agreement. The Austrian garrison bombarded the town incessantly during the siege. Arad became the new centre of the Hungarian war of independence.
August 11, 1849
Kossuth Lajos ceded the supreme command of the Hungarian military to General Görgey Artúr in Arad.
August 17, 1849
General Damjanich János gave up the fortress after the Hungarians surrendered to the Russians at Világos. The Austrian commander Haynau moved his headquarters to Arad afterwards.
October 6, 1849
13 Hungarian military commanders (12 generals and 1 colonel) were executed in Arad as retaliation for the Hungarian war of independence. The executions were ordered by Haynau. A stone obelisk was raised on the supposed site of the executions in 1881. The Statue of Liberty was erected in 1890 in memory of the martyrs and the Hungarian war of independence in the main square. The statue was torn down by the Romanian invaders in 1925. The Statue of Liberty could only be re-erected in 2004 in a much less spectacular location next to a Romanian triumphal arch.
October 25, 1849
The Hungarian colonel Kazinczy Lajos was also executed in Arad.
1850
The first library was opened in Arad in the White Cross Hotel.
1851
The Neumann distillery and yeast factory was established.
1858
The railway reached the town from the direction of Szolnok (Hungary).
1861-1865
The Romanian orthodox cathedral was constructed.
1863
The Astra National Association of Arad was established to foster Romanian education and culture.
1867
Austro-Hungarian Compromise
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1867
The Habsburg Empire was weakened by the defeats it suffered in the implementation of Italian and German unity. The Hungarians wanted to return to the reform laws of 1848, but they did not have the strength to do so. Emperor Franz Joseph and the Hungarian opposition, led by Deák Ferenc, finally agreed to restructure the Empire and abolish absolutism. Hungary was given autonomy in its internal affairs, with its own government and parliament, which was essential for the development of its economy and culture. However, foreign and military affairs remained in the hands of the Habsburgs and served their aspiration for becoming a great power. The majority wanted Hungary's independence, but they were excluded from political power.
1869-1873
The Hungarian royal grammar school was constructed.
1872
The Hendl machine factory was established. A cement and brick factory was also established not long after.
1874
The new theatre was inaugurated.
1877
The town hall of Arad was completed, which became the symbol of the town.
1881
The Hungarian Kölcsey Cultural Association was formed. They established the town library and the museum, and later they built the Palace of Culture to house the institutions.
1884
During his visit in Arad, Emperor Franz Joseph elevated the Neumann brothers to the rank of baron, who owned a distillery, a yeast factory and a steam mill in the town.
1890
The philharmonic orchestra of Arad was formed.
October 6, 1890
The Statue of Liberty was inaugurated commemorating the 13 commanders of the Hungarian War of Independence executed in Arad in 1849. The statue was made by the sculptor Zala György. The former Liberty Square now bears the name of Avram Iancu, who committed genocide among the Hungarians during the war of independence, taking advantage of the Hungarian forces being busy with the liberation of Transylvania from Habsburg oppression. The statue was torn down by the Romanian invaders in 1925. It could only be re-erected in 2004 in a much less spectacular location next to a Romanian triumphal arch dedicated also to Avram Iancu.
1891
Arad had 42052 inhabitants (25901 Hungarians, 5626 Germans, 7873 Valchs, 1704 Serbians).
1891
Weitzer János established a railway wagon manufacturing factory. The first successful gasoline powered locomotives of Europe were manufactured here in 1903.
1893
The Arad & Csanád United Railways Company was established by merging the local railway companies.
1895
The electrical network of the town was installed.
1902-1904
The Roman Catholic cathedral was constructed. It was managed by the Minorite Order.
1906
The Arad-Hegyalja narrow gauge railway was opened. It had three lines, which connected Arad with Gyorok, Pankota and Máriaradna (one of the most significant pilgrimage sites). The locomotives were powered by gasoline. The network was electrified by 1913. After the area was occupied by Romania in 1918, it became the first and only electrified railway in the territory of Romania until 1965.
1909
Car manufacturing started in Arad. The Hungarian Automobile Company Westinghouse System (Magyar Automobil Rt Westinghouse rendszer) was established as a subsidiary of the American Westinghouse company. In 1911 trucks were also produced beside passenger cars, but only in small number. In 1911, Westinghouse gave up car manufacturing and the factory was sold to the Hungarian Rubberware Factory (Magyar Ruggyantaárugyár). The company was renamed to Magyar Automobil Részvény Társaság Arad, and its brand name became MARTA, the acronym of the company's Hungarian name. The Hungarian Royal Post ordered 175 buses from the company. The chassis was licensed by the German Daimler. The MARTA also manufactured the cars for the taxi fleet of Budapest. The company was purchased by the German Benz in 1915, production increased significantly and the factory started producing aeroengines and trucks exclusively. The manufacturing ceased not long after the Romanian occupation.
1909
The Neumann family established its textile factory.
1911–1913
The Arad-Hegyalja narrow gauge railway was electrified. This was the third electric railway in Hungary and the sixth in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. After the area was occupied by Romania in 1918, it became the first and only electric railway in the territory of Romania until 1965.
1910
Arad had a population of 63166 (46085 Hungarians, 10279 Vlachs, 4365 Germans, 1816 Serbians, 277 Slovaks és 133 Czechs).
1910
The construction of the iron bridge over the Maros River connecting Arad with Újarad started. These were two separate towns at that time, and they also belonged to different counties. The new railway station of Arad was inaugurated.
1913
The Palace of Culture was completed. The construction was ordered by the Hungarian Kölcsey Cultural Association. The building housed the museum, the library and the philharmonic orchestra. The architect was Szántay Lajos.
1914-1918
World War I
Little more...
1914-1918
As part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, Hungary took part in the war on the side of the Central Powers.
1916
On 27 August, Romania declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and launched an attack against Hungary. This triggered a huge wave of refugees from Transylvania, as the population feared a repeat of the Romanian ethnic cleansing of 1848-49. Austro-Hungarian and German forces drove the invaders out of the country by mid-October and occupied Bucharest on 6 December. Romania surrendered and signed a peace treaty with the central powers on 7 May 1918 (Treaty of Bucharest).
1918
On 3 November, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy signed the Armistice of Padua. The already defeated Romania then declared war on Germany on 10 November, just one day before the Germans signed the armistice near Compiègne. The Romanians then launched an offensive against Hungary, which had already unconditionally ceased fighting at the demand of the Entente. Romania was only recognised by the Entente powers as one of the victors of WWI only later.
November 1918 - January 1919
The Czech, Romanian and Serbian occupation of Hungary
Little more...
November 1918 - January 1919
In Hungary, the freemasonic subversion brought the pro-Entente Károlyi Mihály to power. The new government, naively trusting the Entente powers, met all their demands and disbanded the Hungarian military, which rendered the country completely defenseless in the most dire need. Under French and Italian command, Czech, Romanian and Serbian troops invaded large parts of Hungary, where they immediately began the takeover. They fired Hungarian railway workers, officials and teachers, banned the use of the Hungarian language, abolished Hungarian education, and disposed of everything that reminded them of the country's Hungarian past. Hundreds of thousands of Hungarians were forced to leave their homeland, and the forcible assimilation of the remaining Hungarians was begun.
from 1918
By 1922, 197,000 Hungarians were forced to leave the Romanian-occupied part of the country. By 1939 a further 169,000 Hungarians had left Transylvania, mostly aristocrats, intellectuals and a significant number of farmers. Most of them moved to Hungary. Before the Romanian invasion, 1,662,000 Hungarians lived in Transylvania, 32 percent of the population.
1919
The counter-revolutionary (anti-communist) Hungarian government of Count Károlyi Gyula was based in Arad. Horthy Miklós, the future governor of Hungary, was also a member of this government.
4 June 1920
Trianon Dictate
Little more...
4 June 1920
Hungary was forced to sign the Treaty of Trianon, although the country was not invited to the peace talks. Hungary lost two thirds of its territory that had belonged to it for more than 1000 years. One-third of the Hungarian population came under foreign rule. On the basis of the national principle, countries with a more mixed and less ethnically balanced composition than the former Hungary were created, such as Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia). For example, while 48% of the population of the territory ceded to Czechoslovakia was Slovak and 30% Hungarian, 54% of the population of the former Hungary was Hungarian and 10.6% Slovak. And in the territory that is now part of Serbia, the Hungarians outnumbered the Serbs. The part of the territory allocated to Romania from Hungary was larger than the remaining territory of Hungary, despite the fact that there were 10 million Hungarians and less than 3 million Romanians in the former Hungary. While Hungary used to have the most liberal nationality policy in Europe, the successor states had no respect at all for the national and cultural rights of the indigenous Hungarians and engaged in forced assimilation. The Trianon Dictate destroyed the organic economic unity of the region. Before the First World War, Hungary had a dynamic economy, more advanced than Spain's. After 1920, the successor states formed the so-called "Little Entente", putting Hungary under an economic blockade and sabotaging it on the international stage.
1921
The Weitzer Wagon Factory and the MARTA Company were merged under the name Astra Arad. This became the largest freight car factory of Europe by the 1980's.
1925
The Romanian authorities tore down the Statue of Liberty.
1926
Car manufacturing stopped in Arad.
1924
Bartók Béla gave a concert in Arad.
September 13, 1944
The 3rd Hungarian army liberated Arad for a short time.
September 19, 1944
Soviet and Romanian armies invaded Arad.
1948
Újarad was attached to Arad.
from the 1950's
The German inhabitants emigrated.
from the 1950s
800,000 Romanians were settled in Transylvania from Moldavia, but many also came from Wallachia. The aim was to Romanianize the still majorly Hungarian towns and to break up the ethnic Hungarian blocks. While previously there was a Romanian majority in only a few small towns, this has been reversed by now.
2002
7.2 million people lived in Transylvania, including 1.42 million Hungarians. There were 1.65 million Hungarians out of 5.2 million in 1910. The proportion of the Romanians increased from 53.78% to 74.69%, while the proportion of the Hungarians decreased from 31.64% to 19.6%. The proportion of the Germans dropped from 10.75% to below 1%. These changes were mainly the results of migration and the persecution of Hungarians and Saxons. Transylvania here refers to the entire territory that once belonged to Hungary, which is much larger than historical Transylvania.
April 2004
The Romanian government allowed the Statue of Liberty commemorating the martyrs of the Hungarian War of Independence to be re-erected in a much less spectacular location next to a Romanian triumphal arch dedicated to Avram Iancu. The statue was vandalized by Romanians multiple times.
Castles
Arad Fortress
Cetatea Aradului
FlorinCB, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Condition:
Ruined
Entrance:
Closed to the public
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Sights
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Churches, religious buildings
Public buildings
Cultural facilities
Commerce, industry, hospitality
Town infrastructure
Private buildings
Memorials
Churches, religious buildings
St. Anthony of Padua Roman Catholic Cathedral, Minorite Church
Turbojet, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Roman Catholic
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St. Anthony of Padua Roman Catholic Cathedral, Minorite Church
History
The Minorite church was built between 1902-1903 in eclectic style on the site of the former Baroque church, according to the plans of Tabakovits Emil. The interior design was delayed, and the church was consecrated in 1911. After their liberation, the sculptures of the Statue of Liberty, removed by the Romanian invaders in 1925, were kept in the courtyard.
The Catholic Church resumed its activities in Arad at the end of the 17th century, when the Franciscan Minorite monks settled with the imperial army in the fortress of Arad, where the first Catholic church was built. The Minorites also preached in the civilian settlement and contributed to the establishment of the first Catholic church in the town at the beginning of the century.
The foundation stone of the Catholic Church of Arad was laid on 3 April 1751 by Bishop Franz Anton Engl von Wagrain of Csanád, and on 13 April 1758 the church was consecrated and handed over to the Minorites. Between 1901 and 1903 the old church was demolished. The new church in neo-Baroque style, designed by Tabakovits Emil, was built by 1906, but it was not consecrated until 2 October 1911. Above the entrance is a copy of Michelangelo's Pietà. Above it are statues of Jesus, St Margaret of Hungary and St Elisabeth of Hungary. The group of bronze statues of the Holy Trinity in the pronaos is by Róna János. The main altarpiece depicts St. Antal of Padua. It is the work of Vastagh György Sr. The church is decorated with frescoes depicting the life of Jesus by Lohr Ferenc and Bodgánffy Pauli Erik. The stained glass windows depict Hungarian saints of the House of Árpád: St Stephen, St László, St Imre and St Elisabeth.
In the churchyard there is the Minorite Order's house of culture, built in 1926.
Calvinist Church
Biserica Reformată
.jpg)
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Calvinist
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Calvinist Church
History
The church was built in 1847. In 1848-49 it was a war hospital, as it was not yet furnished. The pastor at the time was Baló Benjámin, who fled from Brád to Arad after many Hungarian civilians were killed there in the Vlach uprisings. His wife and his one-year-old son also died on the way. Nevertheless, he was the pastor of the two Protestant martyrs, Count Leiningen-Westerburg Károly and Dessewffy Aristid, who were executed on 6 October 1849. But he also buried a colonel executed before them, Ormai Norbert, and Kazinczy Lajos, executed after them on 25 October.
Horthy Miklós had his wedding in the Reformed Church in 1901 with Purgly Magdolna in front of Csécsei Imre, the pastor of the time.
Lutheran Church, Red Church
Biserica Roșie
Domokos adrian, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Lutheran
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Lutheran Church, Red Church
History
The foundation stone was laid on 15 March 1905 and inaugurated in September 1906. The neo-Gothic Lutheran church was designed by Szántay Lajos in Main Street (formerly known as Andrássy Avenue). The altar and the pulpit are the work of the master altar builder Örr György from Kassa. The stained glass windows were made by Palka József, a glass painter from Budapest.
St. Peter and Paul Serbian Orthodox Church
Biserica sârbească Sf. Petru și Pavel
IuliuSturza92, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Orthodox
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St. Peter and Paul Serbian Orthodox Church
History
The church was founded between 1698 and 1702 by Captain Jovan Popovic Tekelija for the Serbian border guards who settled in Arad with their families. It was built in Baroque style. It took on its present appearance between 1790 and 1822, when Sava Tekelij, the founder's great-grandson, had the tower raised by Russian masters. It is the oldest building still standing in Arad.
Nativity of St. John the Baptist Romanian Orthodox Cathedral
Catedrala Nașterea Sfântului Ioan Botezătorul din Arad
Originally:
church
Currently:
church
Church:
Orthodox
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Nativity of St. John the Baptist Romanian Orthodox Cathedral
History
The church was built between 1862 and 65 on the initiative of Bishop Procopie Ivascovici, based on the plans of architect Czigler Antal from Gyula, in the late Baroque, Zopf style. Its main sponsors were the Mocsonyi family and the Viennese banker Sina György. The gable between the two slender towers dominating the main western facade was only built between 1905 and 1906, when the church was renovated.
St. Simeon Stylites Orthodox Monastery
Sven Teschke, Büdingen, CC BY-SA 3.0 DE, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
monastery / nunnery / canon's house / provost residence
Currently:
monastery / nunnery / canon's house / provost residence
Church:
Orthodox
St. Simeon Stylites Orthodox Monastery
History
In 1760, the Orthodox Bishop Sinesie Jivanovici signed a contract with the master builder Egidius Ienowein of Arad to build the church and the mansion. It was built on the northern edge of the once independent village of Gáj in the Baroque style. It was the Orthodox bishop's seat for two decades and then became a summer residence. In the first half of the 19th century, the church was a parish church until the separation of the Serbian and Romanian Orthodox Churches, and after the separation of the two national churches (1864) it was used only by the Romanian community until the First World War. After the Romanian invasion, a new Romanian church was built in the village centre, the old one stood empty. In 1955 the Orthodox women's monastery was founded, which is still in operation today. The new neo-Byzantine church next to it was built recently.
Serbian Episcopal Palace
Originally:
Bishop's / Archbishop's Palace
Currently:
Bishop's / Archbishop's Palace
Church:
Orthodox
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Serbian Episcopal Palace
History
It was built at the beginning of the 20th century according to the plans of architect Tabakovics Emil.
Synagogue
.jpg)
Silenzio76, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
synagogue, house
Currently:
house, synagogue, dancing / concert hall
Church:
Jewish
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Synagogue
History
Jews settled in the city in the 18th century. The synagogue was built between 1828 and 1834 in neoclassical style. Today it is still used by the local Jewish community and hosts concerts.
Public buildings
Town Hall
Primăria
.jpg)
Nick Savchenko from Kiev, Ukraine, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
town hall
Currently:
town hall
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Town Hall
History
During Atzél Péter's mayoralty, the town council voted to take out a loan for the new theatre and town hall. The plans for the town hall were drawn up by Lechner Ödön, but after the theatre was opened on 21 September 1874 it became clear that most of the money borrowed (HUF 800,000) had already been used up by the construction of the theatre, so the plans for the town hall were modified by local architect Pekár Ferenc (originally designed as a two-storey building with a closed courtyard). Its style combines Flemish Renaissance and late medieval town halls. Its tower is 54 metres high and its clockwork was imported from Switzerland in 1878. The clock mechanism plays a patriotic song every full hour. A group of statues of Kossuth Lajos once stood in front of the Town Hall, but is no longer visible.
Former County Hall
Silenzio76, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
county hall
Currently:
public administration
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Former County Hall
History
The former centre of Arad Counry was built in 1821 in the neoclassical style. Its designer is unknown. For a time it was the seat of the court and there was a prison in its basement. When the county administration was expanded in 1870-71, a similar neoclassical twin building was erected opposite the building (at No 81).
Palace of Financial Administration, Treasury
Sven Teschke, Büdingen, CC BY-SA 3.0 DE, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
public administration
Currently:
public administration
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Palace of Financial Administration, Treasury
History
Towards the end of the 19th century, it was built in an eclectic style, with Viennese Rococo features.
Palace of Csanád, Former Seat of the Arad & Csanád United Railways
Palatul Cenad
IuliuSturza92, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
seat of an institution, house
Currently:
house
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Palace of Csanád, Former Seat of the Arad & Csanád United Railways
History
The palace was built between 1892 and 1894 as the headquarters of the Arad-Csanád United Railway Lines, according to the plans of Ybl Miklós's architecture office. The Arad - Csanád United Railways was founded in 1893 by the merger of the Arad-Körös Valley Railway and the Arad-Csanád Railway. The railway operated until 1927, after which the offices were converted into apartments.
This building was the editorial office of the longest-lived daily newspaper in Arad, the Aradi Közlöny (1885-1940). In the courtyard, two gas lamps for street lighting can still be seen in their original state.
Former Concordia Masonic Lodge
Bogdan Muraru, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
seat of an institution
Currently:
school
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Former Concordia Masonic Lodge
History
In 1870, the St. John's order lodge named after Széchenyi István was founded in Arad, and in 1871, the Petőfi lodge in Újarad. In addition to the two lodges, a Scottish rite lodge called Fraternitas started its activities in 1870. After eight to ten years of activity, all three lodges in Arad faded out and decided to temporarily cease. In 1888, some of the former members decided to form and build a new lodge under the name of Concordia. In 1902, the land opposite the Teacher Training College was purchased, and by 1905 the ornate neoclassical building, designed by Tabakovics Milán, known as Emil, was built, resembling a high church. The building was inaugurated as a lodge house on 21 October 1905. By 1908 the membership had grown to 126. Today it serves as the ceremonial hall of the Aurel Vlaicu group of educational institutions.
Palace of Justice
Palatul Justiției
IuliuSturza92, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
court
Currently:
court
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Palace of Justice
History
Built between 1892 and 1895 in neoclassical style.
Andényi Hospital
Spitalul Clinic Județean de Urgență Arad
Originally:
hospital / clinic / sanatorium / doctor's office
Currently:
hospital / clinic / sanatorium / doctor's office
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Andényi Hospital
History
Cultural facilities
Palace of Culture, Relic Museum, Museum of Arad County
Complexul Museal Arad
Foto: Sven Teschke
Originally:
museum, library, gallery
Currently:
museum, dancing / concert hall
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Palace of Culture, Relic Museum, Museum of Arad County
History
The palace was built between 1911 and 1913 on the initiative of the Kölcsey Society, based on the plans of Szántay Lajos. Different parts of the palace were designed according to the architecture of different historical periods. It was home to the Museum of Relics, the library, the picture gallery and other local collections. The Museum of Relics housed a collection of the military officers executed in Arad in 1849 and of the Hungarian War of Independence. Its construction was supported by the Ministry of Public Education of Hungary with 150,000 crowns. The building is decorated with reliefs by Rubletzky Géza. Today it houses the History Museum with important 1848 memorabilia.
In 1881, the Kölcsey Association of Arad was founded with the aim of collecting relics related to the Hungarian War of Independence and later opening a museum. This museum opened on 6 October 1892 on the second floor of the present theatre. It was opened permanently and inaugurated on 15 March 1893. It remained there until 1913. In 1913, it moved to the Palace of Culture designed by Szántay Lajos. In 1893, when it opened, the museum had an exhibition of almost 4000 objects.
Theatre
Teatrul Clasic Ioan Slavici
B. Proksch, CC BY-SA 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
theatre/opera
Currently:
theatre/opera
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Theatre
History
During Atzél Péter's mayoralty, the town council voted to take out a loan for the new theatre and town hall. Construction of the theatre began in 1871, based on plans by the architect Czigler Antal from Arad (or maybe his son Győző). It was inaugurated on 21 September 1874 in the presence of Emperor Franz Joseph with the opening of the opera Hunyadi László. By this time, it became clear that most of the money raised for two buildings (800,000 forints) had already been used up on the construction of the theatre. The facade is neoclassical, the interior is neo-baroque. The ceilings were painted by Györgyössy Rudolf, a painter from Arad, based on the designs of Lotz Károly. Its huge auditorium could seat 1200 people. The building burnt down on 18 February 1883. Halmay Arad from Arad was commissioned to rebuild it. It opened in October 1885. Until 1913, when the Palace of Culture was built, the first floor of the building housed the Museum of Relics, a collection of the memories of the military officers executed in Arad in 1849 and the Hungarian War of Independence. The interior was decorated by the sculptor Tóth András, father of the poet Tóth Árpád. In 1949 the Hungarian section was closed down. It burnt down again in 1955. During its reconstruction the interior was significantly modified. The columns of the main facade were also added at this time by Milos Cristea, with a group of sculptures in the timpanum in the style of socialist realism.
Former Hungarian Royal State Grammar School
Colegiul Național Moise Nicoară
Originally:
school
Currently:
school
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Former Hungarian Royal State Grammar School
History
Designed by József Diescher.
The history of education at secondary school level in Arad began in 1745, when the Minorite Order founded a school, which operated as a six-form grammar school until 1872, when it became a state institution. A new building for the grammar school was constructed at the turn of the century. It was known as the Royal High School until 1919. The educational institution was then taken over by the Romanian state, which meant that secondary education in Hungarian practically ceased in the town, which had Hungarian majority. Since only denominational schools were legally allowed to provide education in minority languages, the Hungarian community of Arad joined forces with the Catholic Church to found the Roman Catholic High School, and in 1922, with public donations and parental support, the school building was constructed - the ownership of the building was transferred by the parents to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Temesvár.
Csiky Gergely Hungarian High School
History
The main building has been used for teaching since 1923. It is the only Hungarian-language secondary school in Arad County, the successor of the former Royal Hungarian High School and the Catholic High School of Arad.
The history of education at secondary school level in Arad began in 1745, when the Minorite Order founded a school, which operated as a six-form grammar school until 1872, when it became a state institution. A new building for the grammar school was constructed at the turn of the century. It was known as the Royal High School until 1919. The educational institution was then taken over by the Romanian state, which meant that secondary education in Hungarian practically ceased in the town, which had Hungarian majority. Since only denominational schools were legally allowed to provide education in minority languages, the Hungarian community of Arad joined forces with the Catholic Church to found the Roman Catholic High School, and in 1922, with public donations and parental support, the school building was constructed - the ownership of the building was transferred by the parents to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Temesvár.
Former Academy of Commerce
Seldon92, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
university / college
Currently:
school
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Former Academy of Commerce
History
Former Hungarian Royal Teacher Training Institute
Colegiul Național Preparandia - Dimitrie Țichindeal
Silenzio76, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
university / college
Currently:
school
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Former Hungarian Royal Teacher Training Institute
History
The building of the teacher training college was built before 1900. It was taken over by the occupying Romanians in 1919.
Arad County Library
Biblioteca Județeană Alexandru D. Xenopol Arad
Seldon92, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
library
Currently:
library
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Arad County Library
History
In 1881, the Kölcsey Cultural Association established the first library, but only for the members of the association. The municipal library opened in 1913 in the Palace of Culture. It moved to its current building in 1984.
Old Theatre, Hirschl Theatre
Teatrul vechi
IuliuSturza92, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
theatre/opera, cinema
Currently:
abandoned
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Old Theatre, Hirschl Theatre
History
The theatre was built between 1817-1818 in Baroque style by Jakob Hirschl, an Arad merchant of Viennese origin. In the beginning, German and Hungarian companies, travelling companies, with actors such as Déryné Széppataki Róza (1793-1872) and Petőfi Sándor, performed in the hall. After the construction of the new theatre (1874), the old theatre was converted into a prop store, and in 1907 the city's first permanent cinema, the Urania, was opened here, which operated until 1967.
Former Casino
Vechiul Cazinou
Silenzio76, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
casino
Currently:
abandoned
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Former Casino
History
It was built in 1872 in neo-Baroque style.
Commerce, industry, hospitality
Former White Cross Hotel
Hotel Ardealul
Foto: Sven Teschke
Originally:
hotel / tavern / guesthouse
Currently:
hotel / tavern / guesthouse
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Former White Cross Hotel
History
It was built in 1840-41 as the town's first hotel in the neoclassical style, designed by Franz Mahler from Vienna. Previously a stagecoach station and an inn stood on its site. In 1846, Liszt Ferenc gave two concerts in the impressive winter garden with its balcony attached to the rear wing of the building. Famous guests of the hotel included Emperor Franz Joseph, Krúdy Gyula and Móricz Zsigmond. Johann Strauss Jr. and Brahms also performed in the auditorium. Before 1868, when the Arad-Gyulafehrvár railway line was opened, post coaches from the Maros Valley used to stop in front of the building.
Former Red Ox Inn
Teodor Stoica, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
hotel / tavern / guesthouse
Currently:
house
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Former Red Ox Inn
History
The inn was built in the first half of the 19th century for the traders who came to the town, next to the ox market. It had a restaurant on the ground floor and a hotel upstairs.
Former Central Hotel
Intesa Sanpaolo Bank
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FOTO:FORTEPAN / Magyar Földrajzi Múzeum / Erdélyi Mór cége, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
hotel / tavern / guesthouse
Currently:
bank
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Former Central Hotel
History
The hotel was inaugurated in 1894 and was intended to end the monopoly of the White Cross Hotel. The first owner of the palace, designed by Reisinger Sándor and Fodor Dezső, was the businessman Csermák Ágoston. The café on the ground floor soon became a meeting place for journalists from Arad. The Central Hotel met the requirements of the time - plumbing, electric lighting - a winter garden with a retractable glass roof, an event hall and a carriage for each train.
Former Savings Bank of Arad-Csanád
Turbojet, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
bank
Currently:
n/a
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Former Savings Bank of Arad-Csanád
History
The building was built in 1909-1910 for the Arad-Csanádi Savings Bank, based on the plans of Hubert József in eclectic style.
Lloyd Palace
Liceul Tehnologic de Electronică și Automatizări Caius Iacob
Originally:
insurance company
Currently:
school
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Lloyd Palace
History
The building of the Lloyd Company's headquarters was made possible after the demolition of the former Three Kings Inn and restaurant on the vacant plot at 5 Andrássy Square (now Revolution Avenue) . It was opened in 1909. The first floor rooms and the large hall were multifunctional. Council meetings and also balls were held here. It soon became a favourite meeting place for the economic elite of Arad.
Former factory of MARTA (Hungarian Automobile Company)
Iuliananet, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
factory
Currently:
factory
Former factory of MARTA (Hungarian Automobile Company)
History
In Hungary, the first factory specifically designed for car production was opened in 1909 in Arad under the name Magyar Automobil Részvénytársaság Westinghouse Rendszer (also known as Magyar Automobil Részvénytársaság, Arad, abbreviated MARTA). One of the most important brands in the history of Hungarian car manufacturing was named after the abbreviation of the company name. Initially, it was a branch of the American company Westinghouse, a subsidiary of the Le Havre company in France. They produced trucks, buses and a passenger car called Marta. In 1912, the French subsidiary of Westinghouse went bankrupt and MARTA was taken over by Austro-Daimler.
The Hungarian Post soon ordered a fleet of 175 buses from Marta. In 1915, the German company Benz (which at that time was not yet merged with Daimler, but was an independent car manufacturer) bought the ownership of MARTA. Austro-Daimler passenger cars continued to be produced under the Marta brand, including the first 150 taxis of Budapest. During the First World War the factory produced only aircraft engines. After the Romanian invasion in 1919, the plant continued to operate under the name ASTRA and car production ceased.
Town infrastructure
Water Tower
Turnul de Apă
Iepurasdilibas, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
water tower
Currently:
museum
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Water Tower
History
This water tower was built in 1896 to supply the town with drinking water, on what was then known as the Firemen's Square It is 25 metres high and looking like a fortress.
Arad was one of the first towns after Budapest to have a water supply system. The tower also served as a watchtower for the fire brigade, as the tallest building overlooking the town. In 1927, the roof burnt down, which was repaired, and it continued to provide drinking water until 1956. It is now in private hands and has been converted into a museum, housing a Water and Fire Exhibition.
Bridge over the Maros River, former Elisabeth Bridge
Pontul Traian
FOTO:FORTEPAN / Magyar Földrajzi Múzeum / Erdélyi Mór cége, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
bridge
Currently:
bridge
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Bridge over the Maros River, former Elisabeth Bridge
History
On 6 November 1910, the Elisabeth Bridge, built by the Arad company of Fodor Zsigmond and Reisinger Sándor and their Budapest business partner, Schiffer Miksa, was inaugurated. The metal bridge was blown up during the Second World War on 21 September 1944. Today it bears the name of Emperor Trajan. The original bridge did not look like this.
Railway Station
Gara Centrală Arad
Smiley.toerist, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
railway station
Currently:
railway station
Railway Station
History
The railway station building was built in 1910 according to the plans of Szántay Lajos.
Private buildings
Andrényi Palace
Palatul Andrenyi, Palatul Copiilor Şi Elevilor Arad
Domokos adrian, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
palace
Currently:
leisure centre
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Andrényi Palace
History
The palace was built between 1880 and 1890 by the Andrényi family of merchants, who were raised to the rank of barons. After the nationalisation in 1948 it became the Pioneer Palace and since 1990 the Children's Palace.
Neumann Palace
Palatul Neumann
Foto: Sven Teschke
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palace
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house
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Neumann Palace
History
Built between 1891 and 1892 in eclectic style for the wealthy Neumann family.
Nádasdy Palace
Creator:Sándor Reisinger (1868–?), CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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palace
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house
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Nádasdy Palace
History
The palace was built in 1904 in the Art Nouveau style according to the plans of the architect Reisinger Sándor.
Kohn Palace
IuliuSturza92, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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palace
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house
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Kohn Palace
History
Kohn József's palace and tinsmith's workshop were built in 1905.
House of Ispán Urbán István of Arad
History
Art Nouveau style palace.
Porcia Palace
History
The house was built by Count Porcia Lajos for himself and his family in the early 1900s in the Art Nouveau style. Its designer is unknown. The facade bears the coat of arms of the family.
Hermann Palace
Palatul Herman Gyula
IuliuSturza92, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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palace
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house
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Hermann Palace
History
The palace was built in 1884 in eclectic style by the wealthy Arad merchant Hermann Gyula. It was originally designed as four luxury apartments. It was decorated by the sculptor Tóth András, father of the poet Tóth Árpád.
Kovács Palace
Creator: István Babócs, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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palace
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house
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Kovács Palace
History
The house was built in 1906 by the widow of Kovács Artúr, the former owner of the Abbazia café, based on the Art Nouveau style designs of architect Babócs István.
Szántay Palace
Palatul Szantay
IuliuSturza92, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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house
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house
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Szántay Palace
History
The house was built between 1905 and 1911 in the Art Nouveau style, originally as a tenement house, based on the designs of the architect Szántay Lajos.
Apartment House of Mrs. Jakabffy
History
In 1906 the palace was built for the widow Jakabffyné. It was designed by Kövér Lajos, the architect of the Arad-Csanád United Railways.
Former Földes Pharmacy
Milan Tabakovici, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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house, pharmacy
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house, pharmacy
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Former Földes Pharmacy
History
Designed by Tabakovics Milán in Art Nouveau style.
Bohus Palace
GB apartments - Bohuş Palace confort
IuliuSturza92, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
house, cinema
Currently:
hotel / tavern / guesthouse
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Bohus Palace
History
In 1913, it was built in Art Nouveau style on the order of Baron Bohus family, based on the plans of Szántay Lajos. The first purpose-built cinema in the town, the Apollo, opened on the ground floor. It was the first building in Arad to use reinforced concrete slabs.
House with the iron padlock
Casa cu lacăt
Silenzio76, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO, via Wikimedia Commons
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house
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house
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House with the iron padlock
History
The house was built in 1815. In the arched recess protected by a locked metal railing on one corner of the house, the Ironed Stump, the symbol of the Arad guilds, was placed. The guild stump was made by a sculptor from Temesvár, Moritz Heim, on the commission of the Macedo-Romanian merchant Andrei Trandafir. In fact, it is a piece of tree trunk covered with a metal plate. Freed apprentices from the guild centres of Europe came to Arad to specialise, and as a sign that they had been here, they hammered different shaped rivets into the stump. The original stump is on display on the second floor of the Museum of Fine Arts.
Memorials
Statue of Liberty
Nenea hartia, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
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Statue of Liberty
History
On 6 October 1849, 13 Hungarian military officers (12 generals and 1 colonel) were executed in Arad. The executions were ordered by Haynau after the the Habsburg Empire managed to suppress the Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence with Russian military intervention.
The monumental memorial to the martyrs of Arad, the work by Zala György, was re-erected in 2004 in what was originally Attila Square (now Reconciliation Park).
The sculptor Huszár Adolf was commissioned to make the monument in 1877, but he died soon after. His plans were modified by Zala György. Zala began work on the anniversary of the martyrs' deaths on 6 October 1885. The first figure to be completed was the Awakening Freedom in the spring of 1886, followed by the figures of the Readiness to Fight and the Sacrifice in the summer of 1887. The Dying Warrior and the Hungaria, the main figure of the group, were left at the end.
The statue was inaugurated on 6 October 1890 in Liberty Square (today Avram Iancu Square). The ceremony was attended by family members of the martyrs (Mrs Damjanich János, daughter of General Schweidel, son of General Leiningen) and Klapka György, one of the officers of the Hungarian War of Independence.
After the Romanian occupation, the idea of dismantling the statue was immediately raised. In 1923, the monument was boarded up to prevent vandalism. In 1925, the monument was removed by decree 1512/925 of the Romanian government led by Ion I. C. Brătianu, and afterwards it was stored in various places, most recently in the moat of the Arad Castle.
On 6 October 1999, the Statue of Liberty was moved to the courtyard of the Minorite monastery by the government led by Radu Vasile, following an agreement between Hungary and Romania. It was here that the restoration process began. The statue was unveiled in its new location on 25 April 2004. In the new location, in Fireman's Square, which has been named "Reconciliation Park", the monument stands opposite a 9 m high triumphal arch, dedicated to Avram Iancu and his rebels.
Avram Iancu committed genocide among the Hungarians during the Hungarian War of Independence, taking advantage of the Hungarian forces being busy with the liberation of Transylvania from Habsburg oppression.
On 13 April 2011, a diadem, a dagger and a sword were stolen from the statue.
On 14 February 2015, six of the bronze reliefs depicting the thirteen martyrs were painted in Romanian national colours - red, yellow and blue - and inscriptions were written on the pedestal using black spray paint to insult the Hungarians.
Holy Trinity Statue
MunteanUK, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
statue / memorial / relief
Currently:
statue / memorial / relief
Church:
Roman Catholic
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Holy Trinity Statue
History
The plague devastated in Arad several times between 1708 and 1741. Many people died, and in 1732 the people of Arad vowed to erect a statue to the Holy Trinity where they would pray every year and to make a pilgrimage to Máriaradna once a year. The statue was erected in 1746. The statue still visible today was made in 1901 and restored in 2007.
Monument and Tomb of the Martyrs of Arad
Károly Cserna, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Originally:
statue / memorial / relief, tomb / crypt / mausoleum
Currently:
statue / memorial / relief, tomb / crypt / mausoleum
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Monument and Tomb of the Martyrs of Arad
History
On 6 October 1849, 13 Hungarian military officers (12 generals and 1 colonel) were executed in Arad. The executions were ordered by Haynau after the the Habsburg Empire managed to suppress the Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence with Russian military intervention.
Until the excavations of 1932, when the remains of the martyrs buried at the base of the gallows were found, this place was remembered as the site of executions.
On 16 June 1867, a week after the coronation of Franz Joseph I, a call for the erection of a memorial column was published in the Arad daily newspaper Alföld, by Tiszti Lajos, the editor of the newspaper. In 1867, a 13-branched, withered mulberry tree and a cross were placed in the supposed place of the gallows. In 1871, the first modest memorial stone was erected on the field of Zsigmondháza in their place, under the care of the members of the Arad Defence Association. It was a rectangular carved stone, a foot and a half high, bearing only the date of execution, 6 October 1849.
Also in 1873, the Arad Defence Association had a statue made by Aradi Zsigmond erected in the town's pedestrian square, intended as a memorial to the heroes who fell in 1849.
In 1874, with the support of the patriotic citizens of the town, the National Defence Assembly had a larger stone monument erected on the presumed site of the executions. However, it was also hidden among the crops of the farmland, and the Maros, which had left its bed, covered it with mud and silt.
In 1878, Haeffner Ernő, the Comptroller General of Győr, initiated the construction of a monument on the site of the execution of the martyrs of Arad and the declaration of 6 October as a national day of mourning.
The monument that still stands today was built in 1881. The artificial hill, with 15 steps leading up to the top, highlights the dark grey granite obelisk from the plain. The obelisk was made in the studio of Jablonszky Vince in Budapest. On one side is the date of the day of mourning: 6 October 1849, on the other the names of the thirteen officers, in the order of their execution. Excavations in 1932 succeeded in identifying the remains of the martyrs at the actual site of the execution.
The ashes of all those who were identified in 1932 and all those, who were known to have been burried in Arad County were reburied in small coffins under the obelisk on the 125th anniversary on 6 October 1974. On that occasion, a bilingual white marble plaque was placed. The remains of the martyrs were previously kept in the Museum of the Relics. The remains of Leiningen Westerburg Károly from Borosjenő and Damjanich János and Lahner György from Mácsa were brought to Arad at this time. Kiss Ernő is buried in Elemér (Serbia) and Dessewffy Arisztid in Margonya (Slovakia).
None of the heroes rest in the country for which they gave their lives because of the Trianon Dictate.
Bust of Fábián Gábor
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statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
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Bust of Fábián Gábor
History
On 26 May 2008, a sculpture by Arad sculptor Kocsis Rudolf was unveiled in front of the Reformed Church.
Fábián Gábor was a writer, poet, literary translator, member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Member of Parliament for the district of Világos during the 1848 Revolution. He was the head guardian of the Reformed congregation during the building of the church.
A bust of Fábián Gábor has been erected before. Philipp István's statue was erected in 1912 in the small park in front of the Reformed Church. On the night of 4 September 1934, the statue was knocked down by unknown assailants (i.e. coward Romanian nationalists). The damaged bust was kept for a time in the mayor's office next to the demolished Kossuth statue, but later disappeared.
Bust of Endrődi Salacz Gyula
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statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
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Bust of Endrődi Salacz Gyula
History
He was mayor of Arad between 1875 and 1901. The city developed and modernised significantly under his mayoralty.
Bust of Csiky Gergely
History
Philipp István's sculpture was erected in 1912 in the small park in front of the Reformed Church, right next to the statue of Fábián Gábor. On 25 October 1934, the statue was knocked down by unknown assailants (i.e. coward Romanian nationalists). The damaged statue was kept in the warehouse of the Arad Museum. The possibility of re-installing the statue at the secondary school named after Csiky Gergely was raised, but in the end it was Kocsis Rudolf's work that was unveiled in the school corridor. Csiky Gergely (1842-1891) was a Hungarian playwright and literary translator.
Sad Arad
Károly Cserna, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
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statue / memorial / relief
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destroyed
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Sad Arad
History
On 8 February 1849, the Hungarian army stationed in Arad and the National Guard, led by Major Asztalos Sándor and Government Commissioner Boczkó Dániel, defeated the Austrian soldiers attacking from the castle and the Serb and Vlach irregular troops that had entered the city in a fierce street battle. 240 Hungarian soldiers died in the fighting. It was in their memory that the sculptor Aradi Zsigmond, who was born in Arad but lived in Milan, created this sculpture and sent it directly from there to Hungary.
The white Carrara marble sculpture depicts a woman kneeling to lay a wreath in memory of the city's saviours in 1849.
It was inaugurated on 8 February 1873, on the 24th anniversary of the Battle of Arad, at the northern end of Andrássy Avenue.
After the Romanian invasion, it was removed from the public area and moved to the old cemetery, next to the graves of the soldiers who died in the battles of 1849. In 1932, after the cemetery was dismantled, the damaged statue was placed in the storage of the Arad Museum. It has been waiting for rehabilitation in the museum ever since.
Triumphal Arch
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statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
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Triumphal Arch
History
This triumphal arch was the condition for the reinstallation of the Statue of Liberty in the Reconciliation Park. The triumphal arch bears the reliefs of the leaders of the Vlach movements in Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania in 1848, including Nicolae Bălcescu, Avram Iancu and M. Kogălniceanu. Avram Iancu (1824-1872) was a Transylvanian Vlach lawyer and leader of the Vlach uprising in Transylvania against the Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence in 1848-49. They supported the Habsburg oppressors. His troops massacred thousands of Hungarian civilians, wiping out entire villages, taking advantage of the fact that the Hungarian soldiers were busy liberating Transylvania from Austrian rule.
Statue of Kossuth Lajos
History
The statue of the political leader of the Hungarian War of Independence was inaugurated on 19 September 1909 on the former Archduke Joseph Road. In 1919, following the Romanian occupation of Arad, the Romanian authorities initiated the removal of the statue, but abandoned their plans in the face of protests from the population. In the early hours of 9 March 1921, unknown assailants (i.e. coward Romanians) knocked down the side figures of the monument, and the authorities boarded up the statue. On 27 July 1925, demolition began. Its pieces were taken with the Statue of Liberty to a riding hall and later to an empty lot next to a sports field. From there, the Statue of Liberty was transported to the casemates of the Arad Castle, while the bronze figures of the Statue of Kossuth disappeared without a trace.
Statue of St. John of Nepomuk
Foto: Sven Teschke
Originally:
statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
Church:
Roman Catholic
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Statue of St. John of Nepomuk
History
The oldest statue in Arad, erected in 1729. It originally stood on the banks of the Maros River, near the present-day town hall. It was moved to its present location in 1870, as a result of the large-scale urban renewal that had begun. In 1995, it was damaged with a hammer by a person declared mentally handicapped, and in 1999 its head was broken off by an unknown assailant. Since then, the statue has been kept in the Roman Catholic parish in the city centre and a replica has been erected in its place.
Plaque of Liszt Ferenc
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plaque
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plaque
Note:
On the wall of the former White Cross Hotel.
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Plaque of Liszt Ferenc
History
The memorial plaque was unveiled on the wall of the former White Cross Hotel on the 165th anniversary of the composer's first performance in Arad on 8 November 2011.
Plaque of Munkácsy Mihály
Silenzio76, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO, via Wikimedia Commons
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plaque
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plaque
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Plaque of Munkácsy Mihály
History
This was once the site of a drawing school, where Munkácsy Mihály (1844-1900) studied the basics of painting for two years. The building is not the same as the former School of Drawing.
Plaque of Karácsony István
Originally:
plaque
Currently:
plaque
Note:
In the Roman Catholic church.
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Plaque of Karácsony István
History
Karácsonyi István was a priest born in Arad. After 1956 he was sentenced to 22 years in the Temesvár Show Trial. He spent 6 years in a labour camp in total isolation until his death from a serious heart condition on 9 November 1963. A carpenter, Páll András, who was imprisoned with him, prepared a coffin for him and buried him in the most humble conditions under strict supervision.
Check out other towns in Transylvania as well!
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Arad County was founded by St Stephen of Hungary in the first half of the 11th century. The name of Arad is derived from a Hungarian personal name, probably the name of the first isp\u00e1n of the county. The first castle named Arad was not yet here, but 7 km east of the present town. Arad was destroyed by the Mongols, and was not mentioned as a castle for a long time. The foundations of modern Arad were laid by refugees fleeing Turkish raids. In 1551, the Turks captured Arad Castle, completely destroyed the town, massacred its population and built a new wooden palisade. Arad was liberated by the Hungarian troops of the Transylvanian Principality in 1595, but in 1616 the prince was forced to cede it again at the Turkish demand. It was finally liberated in the 1680s and became the seat of a frontier region. In the 18th century the Habsburgs built a huge modern fortress near Arad. This was captured by the Hungarians in 1849 during the Hungarian War of Independence after a bloody nine-month siege. Following the Russian intervention, the commander of the Austrian armies, Haynau, had 13 Hungarian officers (12 generals and a colonel) executed in Arad, who are known today as the Arad Martyrs. The famous Statue of Liberty, the work of Zala Gy\u00f6rgy, was erected in their memory in 1890. The city underwent a major development after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, and in 1909 the car industry was launched. After the Romanian occupation, the Romanian authorities had the Statue of Liberty removed and they allowed the statue to be re-erected only in 2004, not in its original place, but in the company of a Romanian triumphal arch. The town, still predominantly Hungarian at the time of the occupation, became a Romanian-majority town as a result of the settlements and persecutions during the 20th century.","nameorigin":"","history":"#1|@#3|@1002|King Stephen I of Hungary settled border guards here, who were under the command of Arad.@1000's|The pagan leader Ajtony broke away from the Christian Kingdom of Hungary ruled by King Stephen I. He established his centre in Marosv\u00e1r and allied himself to the Bulgars. Ajtony's ethnic origin is unknown, but his name comes from the Turk Altyn word, which means gold. His state is taken to be Proto-Romanian by official Romanian history without any credible evidence. His people were engaged in animal husbandry (horse and cattle breeding) and to a smaller extent in cultivation of land. The most important income of Ajtony was the duty levied arbitrarily on salt transported on the Maros River.@1019|Basil II the Bulgar Slayer, Byzantine Emperor, occupied Bulgaria. Ajtony pledged allegiance to the Greek emperor. He was baptized in Vidin and he invited Greek monks to his domain, but he continued to have seven wives according to the custom of the Bulgar aristocracy and lived a pagan life.@1028|After the death of Emperor Basil II, King Stephen I of Hungary sent an army to deal with Ajtony. According to the legend, Csan\u00e1d, the leader of the Hungarian army, lost the first battle. But when St. George appeared in his dream in the form of a lion, he immediately set off and attacked the camp of Ajtony by night. The Hungarian army defeated Ajtony on the plain near Nagy\u0151sz, who was beheaded. King Stephen I renamed Marosv\u00e1r to Csan\u00e1d after the victorious commander and made him the firts isp\u00e1n of Csan\u00e1d County.@1029|Arad County was established after the defeat of Ajtony. The name Arad comes from a personal name. Arad (Urod, Orod) was most likely the name of the fist isp\u00e1n of the castle appointed by King Stephen I after the victory over Ajtony.@11th century|It was the centre of a castle county. The first castle stood 7 kilometres to the east from the present-day town in the territory of the former village of \u00d6thalom or Glogov\u00e1c.@1131|Ilona, the Serbian wife of King B\u00e9la II of Hungary, had 68 aristocrats executed here, who were allegedly guilty in the blinding of her husband. The chapter of Arad was established from their confiscated properties. King B\u00e9la was the son of \u00c1lmos, the brother of King K\u00e1lm\u00e1n. K\u00e1lm\u00e1n ordered the blinding of \u00c1lmos and his son, B\u00e9la, in order to make them unable to rule, because \u00c1lmos attempted to take the throne several times.@1132|The castle was mentioned for the first time. This was not identical to the present-day fortress. It stood 7 kilometres to the east.@1135|King B\u00e9la II of Hungary established a chapter in Arad.@1224|The wife of King Andrew II of Hungary, Johanna, completed the construction of the basilica dedicated to St. Martin, which was started by King B\u00e9la II. The basilica was destroyed in 1552.@#5|@1241-42|Mongols destroyed the castle and the town of Arad (Orod). The town was burned to ashes and could hardly recover. The present-day town was founded by refugees fleeing from the Turkish raids on Hungary west of the old town of Orod on the banks of the Maros River.@1285|The town was devastated by the second Mongol invasion. In the following centuries Arad was not mentioned as a castle.@after 1241|Cumans and Vlachs settled in the neighbourhood.@#6|@1388|Arad was an oppidum.@1459|The raiders of the army of Mehmed II the Conqueror reached as far as Arad.@1514|Arad was plundered by the peasant army of D\u00f3zsa Gy\u00f6rgy.@#8|@#9|@1551|The child John Sigismund's guardian, George Martinuzzi, with Castaldo's imperial army, forced Queen Isabella to surrender the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (including Transylvania) to King Ferdinand I. Isabella left for Poland with her child, the heir to the throne. The Turks then launched a punitive campaign against Hungary.@September 18, 1551|The Turks conquered the castle of Arad. The Turks completely destroyed the town and slaughtered its inhabitants.@1552 - 1554|The Turks built a new palisade near the present-day bridge of \u00dajarad.@until 1554|Arad was the seat of a sanjak.@1556|The Estates of Transylvania, dissatisfied with Habsburg rule, recalled Queen Isabella to the throne, to which the Sultan gave his consent. On her return, she regained control of eastern Hungary.@#10|@#12|@June 11, 1594|Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond of Transylvania openly declared his break with the Ottoman Empire.@May 27, 1595|Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond of Transylvania appointed the battle-hardened Borb\u00e9ly Gy\u00f6rgy B\u00e1n of Kar\u00e1nsebes and Lugos. Borb\u00e9ly defeated the army of the Pasha of Temesv\u00e1r at Facs\u00e1d on 13 August and liberated Lippa on 1 September. Then he pressed on as far as Arad and liberated that town either, and several castles on his way.@1595|The army of Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond of Transylvania liberated Arad in the Thirteen Years War. Captain Szelestey J\u00e1nos tried to rebuild and reinforce the castle.@1598|The Turks took the castle back, but Prince Bocskai Istv\u00e1n of Transylvania took control of Arad at the beginning of the 17th century.@#13|@#14|@1616|Prince Bethlen G\u00e1bor of Transylvania had to hand Arad over to the Turks, because they demanded it. Arad County ceased to exist; it was only recreated in 1735.@#15|@#16|@#17|@#18|@1657|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Krak\u00f3w and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.@July 14, 1658|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania defeated the army of the Pasha of Buda here. The prince captured the town for a short time and set it on fire.@#23|@December 5, 1685|Arad was taken back from the Turks.@#25|@1688|Arad was liberated from Turkish rule permanently.@#26|@1690|One hundred thousand Serbians crossed the Danube and fled from the Turks to the territory of Hungary with the leadership of Arsen Csernojevics. They settled in southern Hungary north of the Danube, also in the neighbourhood of Arad. The Habsburg rulers employed the militant Serbians as border guards, and they also used them against the Hungarians several times, when they were fighting for the independence of their homeland.@1698|The palisade was repaired.@1699 - 1741|After the Peace of Karl\u00f3ca, Arad was the seat of the Military Frontier of Maros, which was a special territory under military administration along Turkish border. The Maros River formed the border between the Habsburg ruled Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.@1702|Arad became a privileged town under the authority of the royal chamber, which kick-started its development.@#27|@1715|The Franciscan Minorite monk Camil Hofflich established the first German school.@from 1718|According to the Treaty of Passarowitz, the lands south of the Maros River (B\u00e1ns\u00e1g) were liberated from Turkish rule. B\u00e1ns\u00e1g was not reunited with Hungary, but was put directly under the authority of the imperial court in Vienna until 1778. Hungarians were prohibited from settling in B\u00e1ns\u00e1g. Habsburg rulers repopulated the once nearly entirely Hungarian territory with German, Vlach and Serbian migrants instead.@from 1723|Germans were settled on the south bank of the Maros River in three waves, who established \u00dajarad.@1745|The grammar school of Arad was established.@1748|Arad became the seat of Arad County.@1750|Empress Maria Theresia forbade the inhabitants of Arad to settle in the neighbourhood of the new fortress that was under construction. The town handed over the island covered with forest at the bend of the Maros River for the purpose of the construction. The regular hexagonal star shape fortress was built in Vauban style according to the plans of General Philipp Ferdinand Harsch.@between 1763 and 1783|The fortress was constructed. It had a perimeter of 3,180 metres and it covered a huge area of 730 thousand square metres. A bastion was located on each sides and it had six gates. The fortress was surrounded with ramparts and moats, which could be flooded by the water of the Maros River when needed. The fortress could accommodate 3,600 soldiers and 296 cannons.@1776|A royal decree was issued to move the entire town to the site of the present-day village of Zim\u00e1nd, because of the construction of the fortress, but it was never executed. This plan was dropped completely in 1871 by Emperor Joseph II.@1812|The first teacher training institute with Vlach as the language of education was established in the territory of Hungary. It was called Preparandia.@1817-1818|The carpet merchant Hirschl Jakab built the first theatre of Arad, which is the oldest, still existing stone theatre in the territory of present-day Romania. Performances were given in Hungarian, German and Vlach languages as well.@1818|The protection zone of the fortress was reduced from 2 kilometres fixed in 1783 to 500 metres.@1822|Ortodox seminary was established.@1833|The sixth conservatory of Europe was established in Arad (after Paris, Prague, Brussels, Vienna and London) by the name Aradi Zenede.@1833|The construction of the town hospital started.@August 21, 1834|King Francis I of Hungary (Emperor Francis II) made Arad a free royal town.@1840-1841|The White Cross Hotel was built. Liszt Ferenc, Johann Strauss and Johannes Brahms gave concerts within its walls, and the famous Hungarian writers and poets M\u00f3ricz Zsigmond, J\u00f3kai M\u00f3r, Ady Endre and Kr\u00fady Gyula were among its guests.@1846|Liszt Ferenc gave a concert in the town.@1847|The Calvinist church was built in the centre according to the plans of Hoffer J\u00f3zsef. It was extended with a prayer room and an organ loft according to the plans of Sz\u00e1ntay Lajos in 1925.@#28|@March 17, 1848|Local youths read the 12 points of the Hungarian Revolution out loud in the Hirschl Theatre and recited the National Song (Nemzeti dal) written by Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor. The town's council accepted the 12 points on 20 March, but the fortress remained under Habsburg command.@June 28, 1849|Hungarian forces captured the fortress of Arad after nine months of bloody siege. The imperials left the fortress in accordance with the agreement. The Austrian garrison bombarded the town incessantly during the siege. Arad became the new centre of the Hungarian war of independence.@August 11, 1849|Kossuth Lajos ceded the supreme command of the Hungarian military to General G\u00f6rgey Art\u00far in Arad.@August 17, 1849|General Damjanich J\u00e1nos gave up the fortress after the Hungarians surrendered to the Russians at Vil\u00e1gos. The Austrian commander Haynau moved his headquarters to Arad afterwards.@October 6, 1849|13 Hungarian military commanders (12 generals and 1 colonel) were executed in Arad as retaliation for the Hungarian war of independence. The executions were ordered by Haynau. A stone obelisk was raised on the supposed site of the executions in 1881. The Statue of Liberty was erected in 1890 in memory of the martyrs and the Hungarian war of independence in the main square. The statue was torn down by the Romanian invaders in 1925. The Statue of Liberty could only be re-erected in 2004 in a much less spectacular location next to a Romanian triumphal arch.@October 25, 1849|The Hungarian colonel Kazinczy Lajos was also executed in Arad.@1850|The first library was opened in Arad in the White Cross Hotel.@1851|The Neumann distillery and yeast factory was established.@1858|The railway reached the town from the direction of Szolnok (Hungary).@1861-1865|The Romanian orthodox cathedral was constructed.@1863|The Astra National Association of Arad was established to foster Romanian education and culture.@#30|@1869-1873|The Hungarian royal grammar school was constructed.@1872|The Hendl machine factory was established. A cement and brick factory was also established not long after.@1874|The new theatre was inaugurated.@1877|The town hall of Arad was completed, which became the symbol of the town.@1881|The Hungarian K\u00f6lcsey Cultural Association was formed. They established the town library and the museum, and later they built the Palace of Culture to house the institutions.@1884|During his visit in Arad, Emperor Franz Joseph elevated the Neumann brothers to the rank of baron, who owned a distillery, a yeast factory and a steam mill in the town.@1890|The philharmonic orchestra of Arad was formed.@October 6, 1890|The Statue of Liberty was inaugurated commemorating the 13 commanders of the Hungarian War of Independence executed in Arad in 1849. The statue was made by the sculptor Zala Gy\u00f6rgy. The former Liberty Square now bears the name of Avram Iancu, who committed genocide among the Hungarians during the war of independence, taking advantage of the Hungarian forces being busy with the liberation of Transylvania from Habsburg oppression. The statue was torn down by the Romanian invaders in 1925. It could only be re-erected in 2004 in a much less spectacular location next to a Romanian triumphal arch dedicated also to Avram Iancu.@1891|Arad had 42052 inhabitants (25901 Hungarians, 5626 Germans, 7873 Valchs, 1704 Serbians).@1891|Weitzer J\u00e1nos established a railway wagon manufacturing factory. The first successful gasoline powered locomotives of Europe were manufactured here in 1903.@1893|The Arad & Csan\u00e1d United Railways Company was established by merging the local railway companies.@1895|The electrical network of the town was installed.@1902-1904|The Roman Catholic cathedral was constructed. It was managed by the Minorite Order.@1906|The Arad-Hegyalja narrow gauge railway was opened. It had three lines, which connected Arad with Gyorok, Pankota and M\u00e1riaradna (one of the most significant pilgrimage sites). The locomotives were powered by gasoline. The network was electrified by 1913. After the area was occupied by Romania in 1918, it became the first and only electrified railway in the territory of Romania until 1965.@1909|Car manufacturing started in Arad. The Hungarian Automobile Company Westinghouse System (Magyar Automobil Rt Westinghouse rendszer) was established as a subsidiary of the American Westinghouse company. In 1911 trucks were also produced beside passenger cars, but only in small number. In 1911, Westinghouse gave up car manufacturing and the factory was sold to the Hungarian Rubberware Factory (Magyar Ruggyanta\u00e1rugy\u00e1r). The company was renamed to Magyar Automobil R\u00e9szv\u00e9ny T\u00e1rsas\u00e1g Arad, and its brand name became MARTA, the acronym of the company's Hungarian name. The Hungarian Royal Post ordered 175 buses from the company. The chassis was licensed by the German Daimler. The MARTA also manufactured the cars for the taxi fleet of Budapest. The company was purchased by the German Benz in 1915, production increased significantly and the factory started producing aeroengines and trucks exclusively. The manufacturing ceased not long after the Romanian occupation.@1909|The Neumann family established its textile factory.@1911\u20131913|The Arad-Hegyalja narrow gauge railway was electrified. This was the third electric railway in Hungary and the sixth in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. After the area was occupied by Romania in 1918, it became the first and only electric railway in the territory of Romania until 1965.@1910|Arad had a population of 63166 (46085 Hungarians, 10279 Vlachs, 4365 Germans, 1816 Serbians, 277 Slovaks \u00e9s 133 Czechs).@1910|The construction of the iron bridge over the Maros River connecting Arad with \u00dajarad started. These were two separate towns at that time, and they also belonged to different counties. The new railway station of Arad was inaugurated.@1913|The Palace of Culture was completed. The construction was ordered by the Hungarian K\u00f6lcsey Cultural Association. The building housed the museum, the library and the philharmonic orchestra. The architect was Sz\u00e1ntay Lajos.@#31|@1916|On 27 August, Romania declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and launched an attack against Hungary. This triggered a huge wave of refugees from Transylvania, as the population feared a repeat of the Romanian ethnic cleansing of 1848-49. Austro-Hungarian and German forces drove the invaders out of the country by mid-October and occupied Bucharest on 6 December. Romania surrendered and signed a peace treaty with the central powers on 7 May 1918 (Treaty of Bucharest).@1918|On 3 November, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy signed the Armistice of Padua. The already defeated Romania then declared war on Germany on 10 November, just one day before the Germans signed the armistice near Compi\u00e8gne. The Romanians then launched an offensive against Hungary, which had already unconditionally ceased fighting at the demand of the Entente. Romania was only recognised by the Entente powers as one of the victors of WWI only later.@#32|@from 1918|By 1922, 197,000 Hungarians were forced to leave the Romanian-occupied part of the country. By 1939 a further 169,000 Hungarians had left Transylvania, mostly aristocrats, intellectuals and a significant number of farmers. Most of them moved to Hungary. Before the Romanian invasion, 1,662,000 Hungarians lived in Transylvania, 32 percent of the population.@1919|The counter-revolutionary (anti-communist) Hungarian government of Count K\u00e1rolyi Gyula was based in Arad. Horthy Mikl\u00f3s, the future governor of Hungary, was also a member of this government.@#36|@1921|The Weitzer Wagon Factory and the MARTA Company were merged under the name Astra Arad. This became the largest freight car factory of Europe by the 1980's.@1925|The Romanian authorities tore down the Statue of Liberty.@1926|Car manufacturing stopped in Arad.@1924|Bart\u00f3k B\u00e9la gave a concert in Arad.@September 13, 1944|The 3rd Hungarian army liberated Arad for a short time.@September 19, 1944|Soviet and Romanian armies invaded Arad.@1948|\u00dajarad was attached to Arad.@from the 1950's|The German inhabitants emigrated.@from the 1950s|800,000 Romanians were settled in Transylvania from Moldavia, but many also came from Wallachia. The aim was to Romanianize the still majorly Hungarian towns and to break up the ethnic Hungarian blocks. While previously there was a Romanian majority in only a few small towns, this has been reversed by now.@2002|7.2 million people lived in Transylvania, including 1.42 million Hungarians. There were 1.65 million Hungarians out of 5.2 million in 1910. The proportion of the Romanians increased from 53.78% to 74.69%, while the proportion of the Hungarians decreased from 31.64% to 19.6%. The proportion of the Germans dropped from 10.75% to below 1%. These changes were mainly the results of migration and the persecution of Hungarians and Saxons. Transylvania here refers to the entire territory that once belonged to Hungary, which is much larger than historical Transylvania.@April 2004|The Romanian government allowed the Statue of Liberty commemorating the martyrs of the Hungarian War of Independence to be re-erected in a much less spectacular location next to a Romanian triumphal arch dedicated to Avram Iancu. The statue was vandalized by Romanians multiple times.&aradvaros.com: Arad t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete|https:\/\/www.aradvaros.com\/scurt-istoric\nacta.bibl.u-szeged.hu: Arad r\u00f6vid t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete|http:\/\/acta.bibl.u-szeged.hu\/4976\/1\/belvedere_2004_007_008_035-040.pdf"},"castles":[{"castleId":187,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Cetatea Aradului","settlement_HU":"Arad","settlement_LO":"Arad","address":"","listorder":5,"gps_lat":"46.1713320000","gps_long":"21.3319970000","oldcounty":27,"country":4,"division":14,"cond":4,"entrance":0,"varaklink":"https:\/\/varak.hu\/latnivalo\/index\/1266-Arad-Var\/","homepage":"http:\/\/cetatea-aradului.ro\/","openinghours":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022FlorinCB, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cetatea_Aradului.png\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Cetatea Aradului\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/dc\/Cetatea_Aradului.png\/512px-Cetatea_Aradului.png\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cetatea_Aradului.png\u0022\u003EFlorinCB\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Arad Fortress","seolink":"arad-fortress-cetatea-aradului","georegion":"Maros Plain, Great Hungarian Plain","description":"","nameorigin":"","history":"#1|@#3|@1000's|The pagan leader Ajtony broke away from the Christian Kingdom of Hungary ruled by King Stephen I. He established his centre in Marosv\u00e1r and allied himself to the Bulgars. Ajtony's ethnic origin is unknown, but his name comes from the Turk Altyn word, which means gold. His state is taken to be Proto-Romanian by official Romanian history without any credible evidence. His people were engaged in animal husbandry (horse and cattle breeding) and to a smaller extent in cultivation of land. The most important income of Ajtony was the duty levied arbitrarily on salt transported on the Maros River.@1019|Basil II the Bulgar Slayer, Byzantine Emperor, occupied Bulgaria. Ajtony pledged allegiance to the Greek emperor. He was baptized in Vidin and he invited Greek monks to his domain, but he continued to have seven wives according to the custom of the Bulgar aristocracy and lived a pagan life.@1028|After the death of Emperor Basil II, King Stephen I of Hungary sent an army to deal with Ajtony. According to the legend, Csan\u00e1d, the leader of the Hungarian army, lost the first battle. But when St. George appeared in his dream in the form of a lion, he immediately set off and attacked the camp of Ajtony by night. The Hungarian army defeated Ajtony on the plain near Nagy\u0151sz, who was beheaded. King Stephen I renamed Marosv\u00e1r to Csan\u00e1d after the victorious commander and made him the firts isp\u00e1n of Csan\u00e1d County.@1029|Arad County was established after the defeat of Ajtony. The name Arad comes from a personal name. Arad (Urod, Orod) was most likely the name of the fist isp\u00e1n of the castle appointed by King Stephen I after the victory over Ajtony.@11th century|It was the centre of a castle county. The first castle stood 7 kilometres to the east from the present-day town in the territory of the former village of \u00d6thalom or Glogov\u00e1c.@1132|The castle was mentioned for the first time. This was not identical to the present-day fortress. It stood 7 kilometres to the east.@#5|@1241-42|Mongols destroyed the castle and the town of Arad (Orod). The town was burned to ashes and could hardly recover. The present-day town was founded by refugees fleeing from the Turkish raids on Hungary west of the old town of Orod on the banks of the Maros River.@1285|The town was devastated by the second Mongol invasion. In the following centuries Arad was not mentioned as a castle.@after 1241|Cumans and Vlachs settled in the neighbourhood.@#6|@#8|@#9|@1551|The child John Sigismund's guardian, George Martinuzzi, with Castaldo's imperial army, forced Queen Isabella to surrender the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (including Transylvania) to King Ferdinand I. Isabella left for Poland with her child, the heir to the throne. The Turks then launched a punitive campaign against Hungary.@September 18, 1551|The Turks conquered the castle of Arad. The Turks completely destroyed the town and slaughtered its inhabitants.@1552 - 1554|The Turks built a new palisade near the present-day bridge of \u00dajarad.@until 1554|Arad was the seat of a sanjak.@1556|The Estates of Transylvania, dissatisfied with Habsburg rule, recalled Queen Isabella to the throne, to which the Sultan gave his consent. On her return, she regained control of eastern Hungary.@#10|@#12|@June 11, 1594|Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond of Transylvania openly declared his break with the Ottoman Empire.@May 27, 1595|Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond of Transylvania appointed the battle-hardened Borb\u00e9ly Gy\u00f6rgy B\u00e1n of Kar\u00e1nsebes and Lugos. Borb\u00e9ly defeated the army of the Pasha of Temesv\u00e1r at Facs\u00e1d on 13 August and liberated Lippa on 1 September. Then he pressed on as far as Arad and liberated that town either, and several castles on his way.@1595|The army of Prince B\u00e1thory Zsigmond of Transylvania liberated Arad in the Thirteen Years War. Captain Szelestey J\u00e1nos tried to rebuild and reinforce the castle.@1598|The Turks took the castle back, but Prince Bocskai Istv\u00e1n of Transylvania took control of Arad at the beginning of the 17th century.@#13|@#14|@1616|Prince Bethlen G\u00e1bor of Transylvania had to hand Arad over to the Turks, because they demanded it. Arad County ceased to exist; it was only recreated in 1735.@#15|@#16|@#17|@#18|@1657|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Krak\u00f3w and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.@July 14, 1658|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania defeated the army of the Pasha of Buda here. The prince captured the town for a short time and set it on fire.@#23|@December 5, 1685|Arad was taken back from the Turks.@#25|@1688|Arad was liberated from Turkish rule permanently.@#26|@1698|The palisade was repaired.@1699 - 1741|After the Peace of Karl\u00f3ca, Arad was the seat of the Military Frontier of Maros, which was a special territory under military administration along Turkish border. The Maros River formed the border between the Habsburg ruled Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.@#27|@1750|Empress Maria Theresia forbade the inhabitants of Arad to settle in the neighbourhood of the new fortress that was under construction. The town handed over the island covered with forest at the bend of the Maros River for the purpose of the construction. The regular hexagonal star shape fortress was built in Vauban style according to the plans of General Philipp Ferdinand Harsch.@between 1763 and 1783|The fortress was constructed. It had a perimeter of 3,180 metres and it covered a huge area of 730 thousand square metres. A bastion was located on each sides and it had six gates. The fortress was surrounded with ramparts and moats, which could be flooded by the water of the Maros River when needed. The fortress could accommodate 3,600 soldiers and 296 cannons.@#28|@March 17, 1848|Local youths read the 12 points of the Hungarian Revolution out loud in the Hirschl Theatre and recited the National Song (Nemzeti dal) written by Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor. The town's council accepted the 12 points on 20 March, but the fortress remained under Habsburg command.@June 28, 1849|Hungarian forces captured the fortress of Arad after nine months of bloody siege. The imperials left the fortress in accordance with the agreement. The Austrian garrison bombarded the town incessantly during the siege. Arad became the new centre of the Hungarian war of independence.@August 11, 1849|Kossuth Lajos ceded the supreme command of the Hungarian military to General G\u00f6rgey Art\u00far in Arad.@August 17, 1849|General Damjanich J\u00e1nos gave up the fortress after the Hungarians surrendered to the Russians at Vil\u00e1gos. The Austrian commander Haynau moved his headquarters to Arad afterwards.@October 6, 1849|13 Hungarian military commanders (12 generals and 1 colonel) were executed in Arad as retaliation for the Hungarian war of independence. The executions were ordered by Haynau. A stone obelisk was raised on the supposed site of the executions in 1881. The Statue of Liberty was erected in 1890 in memory of the martyrs and the Hungarian war of independence in the main square. The statue was torn down by the Romanian invaders in 1925. The Statue of Liberty could only be re-erected in 2004 in a much less spectacular location next to a Romanian triumphal arch.@#30|@#31|@#36|&aradvaros.com: Arad t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete|https:\/\/www.aradvaros.com\/scurt-istoric\nacta.bibl.u-szeged.hu: Arad r\u00f6vid t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete|http:\/\/acta.bibl.u-szeged.hu\/4976\/1\/belvedere_2004_007_008_035-040.pdf"}],"sights":[{"sightId":1542,"townId":64,"active":2,"name_LO":"","address":"Parcul Reconcilierii","mapdata":"1|842|2371","gps_lat":"46.1708817692","gps_long":"21.3091496460","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Szabadsag-szobor-Arad-557","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=198","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Nenea hartia, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Statuia_Libert%C4%83%C8%9Bii_-_Szabads%C3%A1g_szobor_02.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Statuia Libert\u0103\u021bii - Szabads\u00e1g szobor 02\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ea\/Statuia_Libert%C4%83%C8%9Bii_-_Szabads%C3%A1g_szobor_02.jpg\/512px-Statuia_Libert%C4%83%C8%9Bii_-_Szabads%C3%A1g_szobor_02.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Statuia_Libert%C4%83%C8%9Bii_-_Szabads%C3%A1g_szobor_02.jpg\u0022\u003ENenea hartia\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Statue of Liberty","seolink":"statue-of-liberty","note":"","history":"On 6 October 1849, 13 Hungarian military officers (12 generals and 1 colonel) were executed in Arad. The executions were ordered by Haynau after the the Habsburg Empire managed to suppress the Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence with Russian military intervention.@\nThe monumental memorial to the martyrs of Arad, the work by Zala Gy\u00f6rgy, was re-erected in 2004 in what was originally Attila Square (now Reconciliation Park).@\nThe sculptor Husz\u00e1r Adolf was commissioned to make the monument in 1877, but he died soon after. His plans were modified by Zala Gy\u00f6rgy. Zala began work on the anniversary of the martyrs' deaths on 6 October 1885. The first figure to be completed was the Awakening Freedom in the spring of 1886, followed by the figures of the Readiness to Fight and the Sacrifice in the summer of 1887. The Dying Warrior and the Hungaria, the main figure of the group, were left at the end.@\nThe statue was inaugurated on 6 October 1890 in Liberty Square (today Avram Iancu Square). The ceremony was attended by family members of the martyrs (Mrs Damjanich J\u00e1nos, daughter of General Schweidel, son of General Leiningen) and Klapka Gy\u00f6rgy, one of the officers of the Hungarian War of Independence.@\nAfter the Romanian occupation, the idea of dismantling the statue was immediately raised. In 1923, the monument was boarded up to prevent vandalism. In 1925, the monument was removed by decree 1512\/925 of the Romanian government led by Ion I. C. Br\u0103tianu, and afterwards it was stored in various places, most recently in the moat of the Arad Castle.@\nOn 6 October 1999, the Statue of Liberty was moved to the courtyard of the Minorite monastery by the government led by Radu Vasile, following an agreement between Hungary and Romania. It was here that the restoration process began. The statue was unveiled in its new location on 25 April 2004. In the new location, in Fireman's Square, which has been named \u0022Reconciliation Park\u0022, the monument stands opposite a 9 m high triumphal arch, dedicated to Avram Iancu and his rebels.@\nAvram Iancu committed genocide among the Hungarians during the Hungarian War of Independence, taking advantage of the Hungarian forces being busy with the liberation of Transylvania from Habsburg oppression.@\nOn 13 April 2011, a diadem, a dagger and a sword were stolen from the statue.@\nOn 14 February 2015, six of the bronze reliefs depicting the thirteen martyrs were painted in Romanian national colours - red, yellow and blue - and inscriptions were written on the pedestal using black spray paint to insult the Hungarians.\n&\nwikipedia: Szabads\u00e1g-szobor (Arad)|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Szabads%C3%A1g-szobor_(Arad)"},{"sightId":1543,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba 13 Martiri","mapdata":"2|858|1317","gps_lat":"46.1621896598","gps_long":"21.3324910372","religion":0,"oldtype":"38,41","newtype":"38,41","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Aradi-vertanuk-emlekmuve-es-sirboltja-Arad-1","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=198","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022K\u00e1roly Cserna\n, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Memorial_of_the_13_Martyrs_of_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Memorial of the 13 Martyrs of Arad\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/92\/Memorial_of_the_13_Martyrs_of_Arad.jpg\/512px-Memorial_of_the_13_Martyrs_of_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Memorial_of_the_13_Martyrs_of_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003EK\u00e1roly Cserna\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Monument and Tomb of the Martyrs of Arad","seolink":"monument-and-tomb-of-the-martyrs-of-arad","note":"","history":"On 6 October 1849, 13 Hungarian military officers (12 generals and 1 colonel) were executed in Arad. The executions were ordered by Haynau after the the Habsburg Empire managed to suppress the Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence with Russian military intervention.@\nUntil the excavations of 1932, when the remains of the martyrs buried at the base of the gallows were found, this place was remembered as the site of executions.@\nOn 16 June 1867, a week after the coronation of Franz Joseph I, a call for the erection of a memorial column was published in the Arad daily newspaper Alf\u00f6ld, by Tiszti Lajos, the editor of the newspaper. In 1867, a 13-branched, withered mulberry tree and a cross were placed in the supposed place of the gallows. In 1871, the first modest memorial stone was erected on the field of Zsigmondh\u00e1za in their place, under the care of the members of the Arad Defence Association. It was a rectangular carved stone, a foot and a half high, bearing only the date of execution, 6 October 1849.@\nAlso in 1873, the Arad Defence Association had a statue made by Aradi Zsigmond erected in the town's pedestrian square, intended as a memorial to the heroes who fell in 1849.@\nIn 1874, with the support of the patriotic citizens of the town, the National Defence Assembly had a larger stone monument erected on the presumed site of the executions. However, it was also hidden among the crops of the farmland, and the Maros, which had left its bed, covered it with mud and silt.@\nIn 1878, Haeffner Ern\u0151, the Comptroller General of Gy\u0151r, initiated the construction of a monument on the site of the execution of the martyrs of Arad and the declaration of 6 October as a national day of mourning.@\nThe monument that still stands today was built in 1881. The artificial hill, with 15 steps leading up to the top, highlights the dark grey granite obelisk from the plain. The obelisk was made in the studio of Jablonszky Vince in Budapest. On one side is the date of the day of mourning: 6 October 1849, on the other the names of the thirteen officers, in the order of their execution.\nExcavations in 1932 succeeded in identifying the remains of the martyrs at the actual site of the execution.@\nThe ashes of all those who were identified in 1932 and all those, who were known to have been burried in Arad County were reburied in small coffins under the obelisk on the 125th anniversary on 6 October 1974. On that occasion, a bilingual white marble plaque was placed. The remains of the martyrs were previously kept in the Museum of the Relics. The remains of Leiningen Westerburg K\u00e1roly from Borosjen\u0151 and Damjanich J\u00e1nos and Lahner Gy\u00f6rgy from M\u00e1csa were brought to Arad at this time. Kiss Ern\u0151 is buried in Elem\u00e9r (Serbia) and Dessewffy Arisztid in Margonya (Slovakia).@\nNone of the heroes rest in the country for which they gave their lives because of the Trianon Dictate.\n&\nmagyarsagunkhungarikumunk.hu: Arad l\u00e1tnival\u00f3i fot\u00f3kon|https:\/\/www.magyarsagunkhungarikumunk.hu\/arad\/"},{"sightId":1544,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Biserica Catolic\u0103 Sf. Anton de Padova","mapdata":"1|1605|2121","gps_lat":"46.1723949232","gps_long":"21.3156822495","religion":1,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Paduai-Szent-Antal-templom-Arad-1022","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=205","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Turbojet, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arad,_biserica_Sf_Anton_de_Padova.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Arad, biserica Sf Anton de Padova\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/22\/Arad%2C_biserica_Sf_Anton_de_Padova.jpg\/512px-Arad%2C_biserica_Sf_Anton_de_Padova.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arad,_biserica_Sf_Anton_de_Padova.jpg\u0022\u003ETurbojet\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"St. Anthony of Padua Roman Catholic Cathedral, Minorite Church","seolink":"st-anthony-of-padua-roman-catholic-cathedral-minorite-church","note":"","history":"The Minorite church was built between 1902-1903 in eclectic style on the site of the former Baroque church, according to the plans of Tabakovits Emil. The interior design was delayed, and the church was consecrated in 1911. After their liberation, the sculptures of the Statue of Liberty, removed by the Romanian invaders in 1925, were kept in the courtyard.@\nThe Catholic Church resumed its activities in Arad at the end of the 17th century, when the Franciscan Minorite monks settled with the imperial army in the fortress of Arad, where the first Catholic church was built. The Minorites also preached in the civilian settlement and contributed to the establishment of the first Catholic church in the town at the beginning of the century.@\nThe foundation stone of the Catholic Church of Arad was laid on 3 April 1751 by Bishop Franz Anton Engl von Wagrain of Csan\u00e1d, and on 13 April 1758 the church was consecrated and handed over to the Minorites. Between 1901 and 1903 the old church was demolished. The new church in neo-Baroque style, designed by Tabakovits Emil, was built by 1906, but it was not consecrated until 2 October 1911. Above the entrance is a copy of Michelangelo's Piet\u00e0. Above it are statues of Jesus, St Margaret of Hungary and St Elisabeth of Hungary. The group of bronze statues of the Holy Trinity in the pronaos is by R\u00f3na J\u00e1nos. The main altarpiece depicts St. Antal of Padua. It is the work of Vastagh Gy\u00f6rgy Sr. The church is decorated with frescoes depicting the life of Jesus by Lohr Ferenc and Bodg\u00e1nffy Pauli Erik. The stained glass windows depict Hungarian saints of the House of \u00c1rp\u00e1d: St Stephen, St L\u00e1szl\u00f3, St Imre and St Elisabeth.@\nIn the churchyard there is the Minorite Order's house of culture, built in 1926."},{"sightId":1545,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Biserica Reformat\u0103","address":"Strada Mihai Eminescu 33","mapdata":"1|919|2203","gps_lat":"46.1719199888","gps_long":"21.3098057860","religion":2,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Mister No, CC BY 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_reformata_-_panoramio_(1).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Biserica reformata - panoramio (1)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d4\/Biserica_reformata_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg\/512px-Biserica_reformata_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_reformata_-_panoramio_(1).jpg\u0022\u003EMister No\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Calvinist Church","seolink":"calvinist-church","note":"","history":"The church was built in 1847. In 1848-49 it was a war hospital, as it was not yet furnished. The pastor at the time was Bal\u00f3 Benj\u00e1min, who fled from Br\u00e1d to Arad after many Hungarian civilians were killed there in the Vlach uprisings. His wife and his one-year-old son also died on the way. Nevertheless, he was the pastor of the two Protestant martyrs, Count Leiningen-Westerburg K\u00e1roly and Dessewffy Aristid, who were executed on 6 October 1849. But he also buried a colonel executed before them, Ormai Norbert, and Kazinczy Lajos, executed after them on 25 October.@\nHorthy Mikl\u00f3s had his wedding in the Reformed Church in 1901 with Purgly Magdolna in front of Cs\u00e9csei Imre, the pastor of the time.\n&\nmagyarsagunkhungarikumunk.hu: Arad l\u00e1tnival\u00f3i fot\u00f3kon|https:\/\/www.magyarsagunkhungarikumunk.hu\/arad\/"},{"sightId":1546,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Biserica Ro\u0219ie","address":"Bulevardul Revolu\u021biei 61","mapdata":"1|2134|1284","gps_lat":"46.1774446722","gps_long":"21.3201273484","religion":3,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"http:\/\/www.evangluth-arad.ro\/a-templom-tortenete\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Lutheranus-templom-Arad-1020","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=203","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Domokos adrian, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_Evanghelica_Luterana_-Arad.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Biserica Evanghelica Luterana -Arad\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ab\/Biserica_Evanghelica_Luterana_-Arad.JPG\/512px-Biserica_Evanghelica_Luterana_-Arad.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_Evanghelica_Luterana_-Arad.JPG\u0022\u003EDomokos adrian\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Lutheran Church, Red Church","seolink":"lutheran-church-red-church","note":"","history":"The foundation stone was laid on 15 March 1905 and inaugurated in September 1906. The neo-Gothic Lutheran church was designed by Sz\u00e1ntay Lajos in Main Street (formerly known as Andr\u00e1ssy Avenue). The altar and the pulpit are the work of the master altar builder \u00d6rr Gy\u00f6rgy from Kassa. The stained glass windows were made by Palka J\u00f3zsef, a glass painter from Budapest."},{"sightId":1547,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Biserica s\u00e2rbeasc\u0103 Sf. Petru \u0219i Pavel","address":"Pia\u021ba S\u00e2rbeasc\u0103 1","mapdata":"1|1166|3065","gps_lat":"46.1668342892","gps_long":"21.3118210086","religion":5,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Szerb-templom-Arad-1025","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=226","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022IuliuSturza92, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_s%C3%A2rbeasc%C4%83.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Biserica s\u00e2rbeasc\u0103\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0c\/Biserica_s%C3%A2rbeasc%C4%83.jpg\/256px-Biserica_s%C3%A2rbeasc%C4%83.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_s%C3%A2rbeasc%C4%83.jpg\u0022\u003EIuliuSturza92\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"St. Peter and Paul Serbian Orthodox Church","seolink":"st-peter-and-paul-serbian-orthodox-church","note":"","history":"The church was founded between 1698 and 1702 by Captain Jovan Popovic Tekelija for the Serbian border guards who settled in Arad with their families. It was built in Baroque style. It took on its present appearance between 1790 and 1822, when Sava Tekelij, the founder's great-grandson, had the tower raised by Russian masters. It is the oldest building still standing in Arad."},{"sightId":1548,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Catedrala Na\u0219terea Sf\u00e2ntului Ioan Botez\u0103torul din Arad","address":"Pia\u0163a Catedralei 1.","mapdata":"1|1171|2449","gps_lat":"46.1704679459","gps_long":"21.3117541022","religion":5,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Roman-ortodox-szekesegyhaz-Arad-1023","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=199","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Mister No, CC BY 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Catedrala_Na%C5%9Fterea_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Ioan_Botez%C4%83torul_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Catedrala Na\u015fterea Sf\u00e2ntului Ioan Botez\u0103torul - panoramio\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1f\/Catedrala_Na%C5%9Fterea_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Ioan_Botez%C4%83torul_-_panoramio.jpg\/512px-Catedrala_Na%C5%9Fterea_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Ioan_Botez%C4%83torul_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Catedrala_Na%C5%9Fterea_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Ioan_Botez%C4%83torul_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003EMister No\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Nativity of St. John the Baptist Romanian Orthodox Cathedral","seolink":"nativity-of-st-john-the-baptist-romanian-orthodox-cathedral","note":"","history":"The church was built between 1862 and 65 on the initiative of Bishop Procopie Ivascovici, based on the plans of architect Czigler Antal from Gyula, in the late Baroque, Zopf style. Its main sponsors were the Mocsonyi family and the Viennese banker Sina Gy\u00f6rgy. The gable between the two slender towers dominating the main western facade was only built between 1905 and 1906, when the church was renovated."},{"sightId":1549,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Str. Dun\u0103rii 170","mapdata":"","gps_lat":"46.2186042513","gps_long":"21.2729774733","religion":5,"oldtype":"5","newtype":"5","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Oszlopos-Simeon-ortodox-kolostor-Arad-1021","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=188","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Sven Teschke, B\u00fcdingen, CC BY-SA 3.0 DE <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/de\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arad_Kirche_der_Apostel_Petrus_und_Paulus_3902.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Arad Kirche der Apostel Petrus und Paulus 3902\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/85\/Arad_Kirche_der_Apostel_Petrus_und_Paulus_3902.jpg\/512px-Arad_Kirche_der_Apostel_Petrus_und_Paulus_3902.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arad_Kirche_der_Apostel_Petrus_und_Paulus_3902.jpg\u0022\u003ESven Teschke, B\u00fcdingen\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/de\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 DE\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"St. Simeon Stylites Orthodox Monastery","seolink":"st-simeon-stylites-orthodox-monastery","note":"","history":"In 1760, the Orthodox Bishop Sinesie Jivanovici signed a contract with the master builder Egidius Ienowein of Arad to build the church and the mansion. It was built on the northern edge of the once independent village of G\u00e1j in the Baroque style. It was the Orthodox bishop's seat for two decades and then became a summer residence. In the first half of the 19th century, the church was a parish church until the separation of the Serbian and Romanian Orthodox Churches, and after the separation of the two national churches (1864) it was used only by the Romanian community until the First World War. After the Romanian invasion, a new Romanian church was built in the village centre, the old one stood empty. In 1955 the Orthodox women's monastery was founded, which is still in operation today. The new neo-Byzantine church next to it was built recently."},{"sightId":1550,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Tribunul Dobra, Cozia","mapdata":"1|1853|2772","gps_lat":"46.1685638712","gps_long":"21.3177498905","religion":6,"oldtype":"8,53","newtype":"53,8,92","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Zsinagoga-Arad-1599","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Silenzio76, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sinagoga_neolog%C4%83_(de_rit_mozaic).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Sinagoga neolog\u0103 (de rit mozaic)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/73\/Sinagoga_neolog%C4%83_%28de_rit_mozaic%29.jpg\/512px-Sinagoga_neolog%C4%83_%28de_rit_mozaic%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sinagoga_neolog%C4%83_(de_rit_mozaic).jpg\u0022\u003ESilenzio76\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Synagogue","seolink":"synagogue","note":"","history":"Jews settled in the city in the 18th century. The synagogue was built between 1828 and 1834 in neoclassical style. Today it is still used by the local Jewish community and hosts concerts."},{"sightId":1551,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba S\u00e2rbeasc\u0103 7-8","mapdata":"1|1071|2998","gps_lat":"46.1672038766","gps_long":"21.3109997695","religion":5,"oldtype":"7","newtype":"7","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Serbian Episcopal Palace","seolink":"serbian-episcopal-palace","note":"","history":"It was built at the beginning of the 20th century according to the plans of architect Tabakovics Emil."},{"sightId":1552,"townId":64,"active":2,"name_LO":"Complexul Museal Arad","address":"Str. George Enescu 1","mapdata":"1|2164|1816","gps_lat":"46.1742212378","gps_long":"21.3204872667","religion":0,"oldtype":"98,76,99","newtype":"98,92","homepage":"http:\/\/museumarad.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Kulturpalota-Arad-1019","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=200","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Foto: Sven Teschke\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arad_-_Kulturpalast_-_3212.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Arad - Kulturpalast - 3212\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ec\/Arad_-_Kulturpalast_-_3212.jpg\/512px-Arad_-_Kulturpalast_-_3212.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"Foto: \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/User:Steschke\u0022 class=\u0022extiw\u0022 title=\u0022de:User:Steschke\u0022\u003ESven Teschke\u003C\/a\u003E","name":"Palace of Culture, Relic Museum, Museum of Arad County","seolink":"palace-of-culture-relic-museum-museum-of-arad-county","note":"","history":"The palace was built between 1911 and 1913 on the initiative of the K\u00f6lcsey Society, based on the plans of Sz\u00e1ntay Lajos. Different parts of the palace were designed according to the architecture of different historical periods. It was home to the Museum of Relics, the library, the picture gallery and other local collections. The Museum of Relics housed a collection of the military officers executed in Arad in 1849 and of the Hungarian War of Independence. Its construction was supported by the Ministry of Public Education of Hungary with 150,000 crowns. The building is decorated with reliefs by Rubletzky G\u00e9za. Today it houses the History Museum with important 1848 memorabilia.@\nIn 1881, the K\u00f6lcsey Association of Arad was founded with the aim of collecting relics related to the Hungarian War of Independence and later opening a museum. This museum opened on 6 October 1892 on the second floor of the present theatre. It was opened permanently and inaugurated on 15 March 1893. It remained there until 1913. In 1913, it moved to the Palace of Culture designed by Sz\u00e1ntay Lajos. In 1893, when it opened, the museum had an exhibition of almost 4000 objects.\n&\nmagyarsagunkhungarikumunk.hu: Arad l\u00e1tnival\u00f3i fot\u00f3kon|https:\/\/www.magyarsagunkhungarikumunk.hu\/arad\/"},{"sightId":1553,"townId":64,"active":2,"name_LO":"Prim\u0103ria","address":"Bulevardul Revolu\u0163iei 75","mapdata":"1|2021|1611","gps_lat":"46.1754490441","gps_long":"21.3192791380","religion":0,"oldtype":"12","newtype":"12","homepage":"http:\/\/www.primariaarad.ro\/arad.php?page=\/pledoarie\/arad.html&newlang=hun&theme=th1-hun","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Varoshaza-Arad-1026","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=225","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Nick Savchenko from Kiev, Ukraine, CC BY-SA 2.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arad_(29586526113).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Arad (29586526113)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Arad_%2829586526113%29.jpg\/512px-Arad_%2829586526113%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arad_(29586526113).jpg\u0022\u003ENick Savchenko from Kiev, Ukraine\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 2.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Town Hall","seolink":"town-hall","note":"","history":"During Atz\u00e9l P\u00e9ter's mayoralty, the town council voted to take out a loan for the new theatre and town hall. The plans for the town hall were drawn up by Lechner \u00d6d\u00f6n, but after the theatre was opened on 21 September 1874 it became clear that most of the money borrowed (HUF 800,000) had already been used up by the construction of the theatre, so the plans for the town hall were modified by local architect Pek\u00e1r Ferenc (originally designed as a two-storey building with a closed courtyard). Its style combines Flemish Renaissance and late medieval town halls. Its tower is 54 metres high and its clockwork was imported from Switzerland in 1878. The clock mechanism plays a patriotic song every full hour. A group of statues of Kossuth Lajos once stood in front of the Town Hall, but is no longer visible.\n&\nbagyinszki.eu: Arad \u2013 V\u00e1rosh\u00e1za, D\u00edszterem|https:\/\/bagyinszki.eu\/archives\/6471"},{"sightId":1554,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Revolu\u021biei 79","mapdata":"1|1887|1751","gps_lat":"46.1746746816","gps_long":"21.3180667434","religion":0,"oldtype":"11","newtype":"15","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Varmegyehaza-Arad-1785","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Silenzio76, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Fosta_Prefectura_-_Arad.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Fosta Prefectura - Arad\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Fosta_Prefectura_-_Arad.JPG\/512px-Fosta_Prefectura_-_Arad.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Fosta_Prefectura_-_Arad.JPG\u0022\u003ESilenzio76\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former County Hall","seolink":"former-county-hall","note":"","history":"The former centre of Arad Counry was built in 1821 in the neoclassical style. Its designer is unknown. For a time it was the seat of the court and there was a prison in its basement. When the county administration was expanded in 1870-71, a similar neoclassical twin building was erected opposite the building (at No 81)."},{"sightId":1555,"townId":64,"active":2,"name_LO":"Teatrul Clasic Ioan Slavici","address":"Bulevardul Revolu\u021biei 103","mapdata":"1|1612|2312","gps_lat":"46.1712769134","gps_long":"21.3157209307","religion":0,"oldtype":"91","newtype":"91","homepage":"https:\/\/teatrulclasic.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Ioan-Slavici-Szinhaz-Arad-1018","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=206","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022B. Proksch, CC BY-SA 2.5 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.5\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arad_TeatrulClasicIoanSlavici.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Arad TeatrulClasicIoanSlavici\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e8\/Arad_TeatrulClasicIoanSlavici.jpg\/512px-Arad_TeatrulClasicIoanSlavici.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arad_TeatrulClasicIoanSlavici.jpg\u0022\u003EB. Proksch\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.5\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 2.5\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Theatre","seolink":"theatre","note":"","history":"During Atz\u00e9l P\u00e9ter's mayoralty, the town council voted to take out a loan for the new theatre and town hall. Construction of the theatre began in 1871, based on plans by the architect Czigler Antal from Arad (or maybe his son Gy\u0151z\u0151). It was inaugurated on 21 September 1874 in the presence of Emperor Franz Joseph with the opening of the opera Hunyadi L\u00e1szl\u00f3. By this time, it became clear that most of the money raised for two buildings (800,000 forints) had already been used up on the construction of the theatre. The facade is neoclassical, the interior is neo-baroque. The ceilings were painted by Gy\u00f6rgy\u00f6ssy Rudolf, a painter from Arad, based on the designs of Lotz K\u00e1roly. Its huge auditorium could seat 1200 people. The building burnt down on 18 February 1883. Halmay Arad from Arad was commissioned to rebuild it. It opened in October 1885. Until 1913, when the Palace of Culture was built, the first floor of the building housed the Museum of Relics, a collection of the memories of the military officers executed in Arad in 1849 and the Hungarian War of Independence. The interior was decorated by the sculptor T\u00f3th Andr\u00e1s, father of the poet T\u00f3th \u00c1rp\u00e1d. In 1949 the Hungarian section was closed down. It burnt down again in 1955. During its reconstruction the interior was significantly modified. The columns of the main facade were also added at this time by Milos Cristea, with a group of sculptures in the timpanum in the style of socialist realism."},{"sightId":1556,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Teatrul vechi","address":"Strada Gheorghe Laz\u0103r 3","mapdata":"1|1802|2585","gps_lat":"46.1696417889","gps_long":"21.3173381768","religion":0,"oldtype":"91,94","newtype":"121","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022IuliuSturza92, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Teatrul_Hirschl.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Teatrul Hirschl\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d4\/Teatrul_Hirschl.JPG\/256px-Teatrul_Hirschl.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Teatrul_Hirschl.JPG\u0022\u003EIuliuSturza92\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Old Theatre, Hirschl Theatre","seolink":"old-theatre-hirschl-theatre","note":"","history":"The theatre was built between 1817-1818 in Baroque style by Jakob Hirschl, an Arad merchant of Viennese origin. In the beginning, German and Hungarian companies, travelling companies, with actors such as D\u00e9ryn\u00e9 Sz\u00e9ppataki R\u00f3za (1793-1872) and Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor, performed in the hall. After the construction of the new theatre (1874), the old theatre was converted into a prop store, and in 1907 the city's first permanent cinema, the Urania, was opened here, which operated until 1967."},{"sightId":1557,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Vechiul Cazinou","address":"Strada Ioan Dr\u0103g\u0103lina 14","mapdata":"1|2185|2148","gps_lat":"46.1722279295","gps_long":"21.3206750347","religion":0,"oldtype":"93","newtype":"121","homepage":"https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aradi_kaszin%C3%B3","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Silenzio76, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cazinoul_din_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Cazinoul din Arad\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Cazinoul_din_Arad.jpg\/512px-Cazinoul_din_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cazinoul_din_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003ESilenzio76\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Casino","seolink":"former-casino","note":"","history":"It was built in 1872 in neo-Baroque style."},{"sightId":1558,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Colegiul Na\u021bional Moise Nicoar\u0103","address":"Bulevardul General Dragalina","mapdata":"1|2075|2379","gps_lat":"46.1709100144","gps_long":"21.3196942107","religion":0,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"74","homepage":"https:\/\/www.moisenicoara.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Mister No, CC BY 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Colegiul_Na%C5%A3ional_Moise_Nicoar%C4%83_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Colegiul Na\u0163ional Moise Nicoar\u0103 - panoramio\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/97\/Colegiul_Na%C5%A3ional_Moise_Nicoar%C4%83_-_panoramio.jpg\/512px-Colegiul_Na%C5%A3ional_Moise_Nicoar%C4%83_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Colegiul_Na%C5%A3ional_Moise_Nicoar%C4%83_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003EMister No\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Hungarian Royal State Grammar School","seolink":"former-hungarian-royal-state-grammar-school","note":"","history":"Designed by J\u00f3zsef Diescher.@\nThe history of education at secondary school level in Arad began in 1745, when the Minorite Order founded a school, which operated as a six-form grammar school until 1872, when it became a state institution. A new building for the grammar school was constructed at the turn of the century. It was known as the Royal High School until 1919. The educational institution was then taken over by the Romanian state, which meant that secondary education in Hungarian practically ceased in the town, which had Hungarian majority. Since only denominational schools were legally allowed to provide education in minority languages, the Hungarian community of Arad joined forces with the Catholic Church to found the Roman Catholic High School, and in 1922, with public donations and parental support, the school building was constructed - the ownership of the building was transferred by the parents to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Temesv\u00e1r.\n&\ntransindex.ro: A v\u00e1ros, amelyr\u0151l mindenkinek csak a v\u00e9rtan\u00fak jutnak az esz\u00e9be. De mi a jelene \u00e9s a j\u00f6v\u0151je?|https:\/\/multikult.transindex.ro\/?cikk=28087&a_varos_amelyrol_mindenkinek_csak_a_vertanuk_jutnak_az_eszebe._de_mi_a_jelene_es_a_jovoje?"},{"sightId":1559,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Str. I. Calvin nr. 22","mapdata":"1|578|2335","gps_lat":"46.1711610939","gps_long":"21.3068275846","religion":0,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"74","homepage":"https:\/\/www.csikygergelyarad.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Csiky Gergely Hungarian High School","seolink":"csiky-gergely-hungarian-high-school","note":"","history":"The main building has been used for teaching since 1923. It is the only Hungarian-language secondary school in Arad County, the successor of the former Royal Hungarian High School and the Catholic High School of Arad.@\nThe history of education at secondary school level in Arad began in 1745, when the Minorite Order founded a school, which operated as a six-form grammar school until 1872, when it became a state institution. A new building for the grammar school was constructed at the turn of the century. It was known as the Royal High School until 1919. The educational institution was then taken over by the Romanian state, which meant that secondary education in Hungarian practically ceased in the town, which had Hungarian majority. Since only denominational schools were legally allowed to provide education in minority languages, the Hungarian community of Arad joined forces with the Catholic Church to found the Roman Catholic High School, and in 1922, with public donations and parental support, the school building was constructed - the ownership of the building was transferred by the parents to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Temesv\u00e1r.\n&\ntransindex.ro: A v\u00e1ros, amelyr\u0151l mindenkinek csak a v\u00e9rtan\u00fak jutnak az esz\u00e9be. De mi a jelene \u00e9s a j\u00f6v\u0151je?|https:\/\/multikult.transindex.ro\/?cikk=28087&a_varos_amelyrol_mindenkinek_csak_a_vertanuk_jutnak_az_eszebe._de_mi_a_jelene_es_a_jovoje?"},{"sightId":1560,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Bulevardul Revolu\u021biei 72","mapdata":"1|1899|1467","gps_lat":"46.1763027577","gps_long":"21.3181896648","religion":0,"oldtype":"84","newtype":"120","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Turbojet, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arad,_Palatul_Bancii_Nationale.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Arad, Palatul Bancii Nationale\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d9\/Arad%2C_Palatul_Bancii_Nationale.jpg\/512px-Arad%2C_Palatul_Bancii_Nationale.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arad,_Palatul_Bancii_Nationale.jpg\u0022\u003ETurbojet\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Savings Bank of Arad-Csan\u00e1d","seolink":"former-savings-bank-of-arad-csanad","note":"","history":"The building was built in 1909-1910 for the Arad-Csan\u00e1di Savings Bank, based on the plans of Hubert J\u00f3zsef in eclectic style."},{"sightId":1561,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Bulevardul Revolu\u021biei","mapdata":"1|1932|1664","gps_lat":"46.1751061979","gps_long":"21.3183943281","religion":0,"oldtype":"15","newtype":"15","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Sven Teschke, B\u00fcdingen, CC BY-SA 3.0 DE <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/de\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arad_Aurel-Vlaicu-Universit%C3%A4t_3684-88.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Arad Aurel-Vlaicu-Universit\u00e4t 3684-88\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/29\/Arad_Aurel-Vlaicu-Universit%C3%A4t_3684-88.jpg\/512px-Arad_Aurel-Vlaicu-Universit%C3%A4t_3684-88.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arad_Aurel-Vlaicu-Universit%C3%A4t_3684-88.jpg\u0022\u003ESven Teschke, B\u00fcdingen\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/de\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 DE\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Palace of Financial Administration, Treasury","seolink":"palace-of-financial-administration-treasury","note":"","history":"Towards the end of the 19th century, it was built in an eclectic style, with Viennese Rococo features."},{"sightId":1562,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Palatul Justi\u021biei","address":"Bd. Vasile Milea 2","mapdata":"1|2299|1369","gps_lat":"46.1769000214","gps_long":"21.3215397181","religion":0,"oldtype":"17","newtype":"17","homepage":"http:\/\/portal.just.ro\/108\/SitePages\/prezentare.aspx?id_inst=108","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022IuliuSturza92, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_de_justi%C8%9Bie.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Palatul de justi\u021bie\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1c\/Palatul_de_justi%C8%9Bie.JPG\/512px-Palatul_de_justi%C8%9Bie.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_de_justi%C8%9Bie.JPG\u0022\u003EIuliuSturza92\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Palace of Justice","seolink":"palace-of-justice","note":"","history":"Built between 1892 and 1895 in neoclassical style."},{"sightId":1563,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Palatul Cenad","address":"Bulevardul Revolu\u021biei 73","mapdata":"1|2010|1511","gps_lat":"46.1760493848","gps_long":"21.3191250241","religion":0,"oldtype":"16,53","newtype":"53","homepage":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ACsEV","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022IuliuSturza92, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_Cenad.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Palatul Cenad\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2f\/Palatul_Cenad.JPG\/512px-Palatul_Cenad.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_Cenad.JPG\u0022\u003EIuliuSturza92\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Palace of Csan\u00e1d, Former Seat of the Arad & Csan\u00e1d United Railways","seolink":"palace-of-csanad-former-seat-of-the-arad-&-csanad-united-railways","note":"","history":"The palace was built between 1892 and 1894 as the headquarters of the Arad-Csan\u00e1d United Railway Lines, according to the plans of Ybl Mikl\u00f3s's architecture office. The Arad - Csan\u00e1d United Railways was founded in 1893 by the merger of the Arad-K\u00f6r\u00f6s Valley Railway and the Arad-Csan\u00e1d Railway. The railway operated until 1927, after which the offices were converted into apartments.@\nThis building was the editorial office of the longest-lived daily newspaper in Arad, the Aradi K\u00f6zl\u00f6ny (1885-1940). In the courtyard, two gas lamps for street lighting can still be seen in their original state."},{"sightId":1564,"townId":64,"active":2,"name_LO":"Palatul Andrenyi, Palatul Copiilor \u015ei Elevilor Arad","address":"Bulevardul Revolu\u021bie 69","mapdata":"1|2054|1396","gps_lat":"46.1767411094","gps_long":"21.3195048309","religion":0,"oldtype":"50","newtype":"78","homepage":"https:\/\/palatulcopiilorarad.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Domokos adrian, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_copiilor_-_Arad.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Palatul copiilor - Arad\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/14\/Palatul_copiilor_-_Arad.JPG\/512px-Palatul_copiilor_-_Arad.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_copiilor_-_Arad.JPG\u0022\u003EDomokos adrian\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Andr\u00e9nyi Palace","seolink":"andrenyi-palace","note":"","history":"The palace was built between 1880 and 1890 by the Andr\u00e9nyi family of merchants, who were raised to the rank of barons. After the nationalisation in 1948 it became the Pioneer Palace and since 1990 the Children's Palace."},{"sightId":1565,"townId":64,"active":2,"name_LO":"Palatul Neumann","address":"Bulevardul Revolu\u021biei 78","mapdata":"1|1842|1608","gps_lat":"46.1754678830","gps_long":"21.3177130913","religion":0,"oldtype":"50","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Foto: Sven Teschke\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arad_-_Vasile-Goldis-Universit%C3%A4t_-_3002.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Arad - Vasile-Goldis-Universit\u00e4t - 3002\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f2\/Arad_-_Vasile-Goldis-Universit%C3%A4t_-_3002.jpg\/512px-Arad_-_Vasile-Goldis-Universit%C3%A4t_-_3002.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"Foto: \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/User:Steschke\u0022 class=\u0022extiw\u0022 title=\u0022de:User:Steschke\u0022\u003ESven Teschke\u003C\/a\u003E","name":"Neumann Palace","seolink":"neumann-palace","note":"","history":"Built between 1891 and 1892 in eclectic style for the wealthy Neumann family."},{"sightId":1566,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Hotel Ardealul","address":"Revolutiei 98","mapdata":"1|1538|2269","gps_lat":"46.1715750855","gps_long":"21.3150299174","religion":0,"oldtype":"80","newtype":"80","homepage":"https:\/\/www.travelro.ro\/hotel-ardealul_arad.html","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Feher-Kereszt-szalloda-Arad-1799","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Foto: Sven Teschke\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arad_-_Hotel_Ardealul_-_3199.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Arad - Hotel Ardealul - 3199\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6e\/Arad_-_Hotel_Ardealul_-_3199.jpg\/512px-Arad_-_Hotel_Ardealul_-_3199.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"Foto: \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/User:Steschke\u0022 class=\u0022extiw\u0022 title=\u0022de:User:Steschke\u0022\u003ESven Teschke\u003C\/a\u003E","name":"Former White Cross Hotel","seolink":"former-white-cross-hotel","note":"","history":"It was built in 1840-41 as the town's first hotel in the neoclassical style, designed by Franz Mahler from Vienna. Previously a stagecoach station and an inn stood on its site. In 1846, Liszt Ferenc gave two concerts in the impressive winter garden with its balcony attached to the rear wing of the building. Famous guests of the hotel included Emperor Franz Joseph, Kr\u00fady Gyula and M\u00f3ricz Zsigmond. Johann Strauss Jr. and Brahms also performed in the auditorium. Before 1868, when the Arad-Gyulafehrv\u00e1r railway line was opened, post coaches from the Maros Valley used to stop in front of the building."},{"sightId":1567,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Intesa Sanpaolo Bank","address":"Bulevardul Revolu\u021biei 88","mapdata":"1|1709|1850","gps_lat":"46.1739832991","gps_long":"21.3165565879","religion":0,"oldtype":"80","newtype":"84","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022FOTO:FORTEPAN \/ Magyar F\u00f6ldrajzi M\u00fazeum \/ Erd\u00e9lyi M\u00f3r c\u00e9ge, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Salacz_utca_(Strada_Grigore_Alexandrescu),_K%C3%B6zponti_Sz%C3%A1lloda._Fortepan_86677.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Salacz utca (Strada Grigore Alexandrescu), K\u00f6zponti Sz\u00e1lloda. Fortepan 86677\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/69\/Salacz_utca_%28Strada_Grigore_Alexandrescu%29%2C_K%C3%B6zponti_Sz%C3%A1lloda._Fortepan_86677.jpg\/512px-Salacz_utca_%28Strada_Grigore_Alexandrescu%29%2C_K%C3%B6zponti_Sz%C3%A1lloda._Fortepan_86677.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Salacz_utca_(Strada_Grigore_Alexandrescu),_K%C3%B6zponti_Sz%C3%A1lloda._Fortepan_86677.jpg\u0022\u003EFOTO:FORTEPAN \/ Magyar F\u00f6ldrajzi M\u00fazeum \/ Erd\u00e9lyi M\u00f3r c\u00e9ge\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Central Hotel","seolink":"former-central-hotel","note":"","history":"The hotel was inaugurated in 1894 and was intended to end the monopoly of the White Cross Hotel. The first owner of the palace, designed by Reisinger S\u00e1ndor and Fodor Dezs\u0151, was the businessman Cserm\u00e1k \u00c1goston. The caf\u00e9 on the ground floor soon became a meeting place for journalists from Arad. The Central Hotel met the requirements of the time - plumbing, electric lighting - a winter garden with a retractable glass roof, an event hall and a carriage for each train.\n&\nmagyarsagunkhungarikumunk.hu: Arad l\u00e1tnival\u00f3i fot\u00f3kon|https:\/\/www.magyarsagunkhungarikumunk.hu\/arad\/"},{"sightId":1568,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"GB apartments - Bohu\u015f Palace confort","address":"Vasile Goldi\u015f 1\u20133.","mapdata":"1|1544|2349","gps_lat":"46.1710556945","gps_long":"21.3149538194","religion":0,"oldtype":"53,94","newtype":"80","homepage":"https:\/\/www.gbapartments.ro\/en\/,80","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Bohus-palota-Arad-1016","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=201","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022IuliuSturza92, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_Bohus_vedere_de_ansamblu.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Palatul Bohus vedere de ansamblu\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e8\/Palatul_Bohus_vedere_de_ansamblu.jpg\/256px-Palatul_Bohus_vedere_de_ansamblu.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_Bohus_vedere_de_ansamblu.jpg\u0022\u003EIuliuSturza92\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Bohus Palace","seolink":"bohus-palace","note":"","history":"In 1913, it was built in Art Nouveau style on the order of Baron Bohus family, based on the plans of Sz\u00e1ntay Lajos. The first purpose-built cinema in the town, the Apollo, opened on the ground floor. It was the first building in Arad to use reinforced concrete slabs."},{"sightId":1569,"townId":64,"active":2,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Me\u021bianu 2","mapdata":"1|1562|2447","gps_lat":"46.1704946621","gps_long":"21.3153182389","religion":0,"oldtype":"50","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Creator:S\u00e1ndor Reisinger (1868\u2013?), CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arad,_Palatul_Nadasdy.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Arad, Palatul Nadasdy\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7b\/Arad%2C_Palatul_Nadasdy.jpg\/512px-Arad%2C_Palatul_Nadasdy.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arad,_Palatul_Nadasdy.jpg\u0022\u003ECreator:S\u00e1ndor Reisinger (1868\u2013?)\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"N\u00e1dasdy Palace","seolink":"nadasdy-palace","note":"","history":"The palace was built in 1904 in the Art Nouveau style according to the plans of the architect Reisinger S\u00e1ndor."},{"sightId":1570,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Palatul Herman Gyula","address":"Bulevardul Revolu\u0163iei 96.","mapdata":"1|1634|2049","gps_lat":"46.1728257624","gps_long":"21.3159455930","religion":0,"oldtype":"50","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Hermann-palota-Arad-1017","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=204","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022IuliuSturza92, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_Herman_Gyula.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Palatul Herman Gyula\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f8\/Palatul_Herman_Gyula.JPG\/512px-Palatul_Herman_Gyula.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_Herman_Gyula.JPG\u0022\u003EIuliuSturza92\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Hermann Palace","seolink":"hermann-palace","note":"","history":"The palace was built in 1884 in eclectic style by the wealthy Arad merchant Hermann Gyula. It was originally designed as four luxury apartments. It was decorated by the sculptor T\u00f3th Andr\u00e1s, father of the poet T\u00f3th \u00c1rp\u00e1d."},{"sightId":1571,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Bulevardul Revolu\u0163iei 60","mapdata":"1|1991|1206","gps_lat":"46.1778478761","gps_long":"21.3189508806","religion":0,"oldtype":"50","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Porcia-berpalota-Arad-1761","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Porcia Palace","seolink":"porcia-palace","note":"","history":"The house was built by Count Porcia Lajos for himself and his family in the early 1900s in the Art Nouveau style. Its designer is unknown. The facade bears the coat of arms of the family."},{"sightId":1572,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Vasile Milea 19","mapdata":"1|2295|1237","gps_lat":"46.1777120173","gps_long":"21.3215097111","religion":0,"oldtype":"50","newtype":"53","homepage":"https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kov%C3%A1cs-palota_(Arad)","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Creator: Istv\u00e1n Bab\u00f3cs, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_Kovacs.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Palatul Kovacs\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/17\/Palatul_Kovacs.JPG\/256px-Palatul_Kovacs.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_Kovacs.JPG\u0022\u003ECreator: Istv\u00e1n Bab\u00f3cs\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Kov\u00e1cs Palace","seolink":"kovacs-palace","note":"","history":"The house was built in 1906 by the widow of Kov\u00e1cs Art\u00far, the former owner of the Abbazia caf\u00e9, based on the Art Nouveau style designs of architect Bab\u00f3cs Istv\u00e1n."},{"sightId":1573,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Palatul Szantay","address":"Str. Horia 3","mapdata":"1|1694|1519","gps_lat":"46.1760018753","gps_long":"21.3164680969","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Szantay-palota-Arad-1024","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=202","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022IuliuSturza92, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_Szantay.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Palatul Szantay\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2d\/Palatul_Szantay.JPG\/256px-Palatul_Szantay.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_Szantay.JPG\u0022\u003EIuliuSturza92\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Sz\u00e1ntay Palace","seolink":"szantay-palace","note":"","history":"The house was built between 1905 and 1911 in the Art Nouveau style, originally as a tenement house, based on the designs of the architect Sz\u00e1ntay Lajos."},{"sightId":1574,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Episcopiei 9","mapdata":"1|1554|1617","gps_lat":"46.1753931460","gps_long":"21.3152104105","religion":0,"oldtype":"50","newtype":"53","homepage":"https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kohn-palota_(Arad)","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022IuliuSturza92, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_Kohn_Josef.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Palatul Kohn Josef\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8b\/Palatul_Kohn_Josef.JPG\/256px-Palatul_Kohn_Josef.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Palatul_Kohn_Josef.JPG\u0022\u003EIuliuSturza92\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Kohn Palace","seolink":"kohn-palace","note":"","history":"Kohn J\u00f3zsef's palace and tinsmith's workshop were built in 1905."},{"sightId":1575,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Clo\u015fca 14., Pia\u0163a Mihai Viteazul","mapdata":"1|1754|1121","gps_lat":"46.1783570745","gps_long":"21.3168934599","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Jakabffyne-berhaza-Arad-1762","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Apartment House of Mrs. Jakabffy","seolink":"apartment-house-of-mrs-jakabffy","note":"","history":"In 1906 the palace was built for the widow Jakabffyn\u00e9. It was designed by K\u00f6v\u00e9r Lajos, the architect of the Arad-Csan\u00e1d United Railways."},{"sightId":1576,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Tribunul Dobra 22","mapdata":"1|2067|2913","gps_lat":"46.1677429437","gps_long":"21.3195742613","religion":0,"oldtype":"80","newtype":"53","homepage":"https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V%C3%B6r%C3%B6s_%C3%96k%C3%B6r_Fogad%C3%B3","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Teodor Stoica, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Aradbourosuhan.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Aradbourosuhan\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/35\/Aradbourosuhan.jpg\/512px-Aradbourosuhan.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Aradbourosuhan.jpg\u0022\u003ETeodor Stoica\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Red Ox Inn","seolink":"former-red-ox-inn","note":"","history":"The inn was built in the first half of the 19th century for the traders who came to the town, next to the ox market. It had a restaurant on the ground floor and a hotel upstairs."},{"sightId":1577,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Casa cu lac\u0103t","address":"Str. Tribunul Dobra 7","mapdata":"1|1889|2750","gps_lat":"46.1686925687","gps_long":"21.3181259744","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"53","homepage":"https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaslakat-h%C3%A1z","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Silenzio76, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Casa_cu_lacat_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Casa cu lacat Arad\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Casa_cu_lacat_Arad.jpg\/512px-Casa_cu_lacat_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Casa_cu_lacat_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003ESilenzio76\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"House with the iron padlock","seolink":"house-with-the-iron-padlock","note":"","history":"The house was built in 1815. In the arched recess protected by a locked metal railing on one corner of the house, the Ironed Stump, the symbol of the Arad guilds, was placed. The guild stump was made by a sculptor from Temesv\u00e1r, Moritz Heim, on the commission of the Macedo-Romanian merchant Andrei Trandafir. In fact, it is a piece of tree trunk covered with a metal plate. Freed apprentices from the guild centres of Europe came to Arad to specialise, and as a sign that they had been here, they hammered different shaped rivets into the stump. The original stump is on display on the second floor of the Museum of Fine Arts."},{"sightId":1578,"townId":64,"active":2,"name_LO":"Turnul de Ap\u0103","address":"Strada Piotr Ilici Ceaikovski 9\/A","mapdata":"1|735|2583","gps_lat":"46.1697123995","gps_long":"21.3082030206","religion":0,"oldtype":"61","newtype":"98","homepage":"https:\/\/www.aradcityguide.ro\/hu\/_\/tortenelmi-muemlek\/viztorony\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Iepurasdilibas, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Turnul_de_ap%C4%83_din_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Turnul de ap\u0103 din Arad\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/00\/Turnul_de_ap%C4%83_din_Arad.jpg\/256px-Turnul_de_ap%C4%83_din_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Turnul_de_ap%C4%83_din_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003EIepurasdilibas\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Water Tower","seolink":"water-tower","note":"","history":"This water tower was built in 1896 to supply the town with drinking water, on what was then known as the Firemen's Square It is 25 metres high and looking like a fortress.@\nArad was one of the first towns after Budapest to have a water supply system. The tower also served as a watchtower for the fire brigade, as the tallest building overlooking the town. In 1927, the roof burnt down, which was repaired, and it continued to provide drinking water until 1956. It is now in private hands and has been converted into a museum, housing a Water and Fire Exhibition.\n&\nmagyarsagunkhungarikumunk.hu: Arad l\u00e1tnival\u00f3i fot\u00f3kon|https:\/\/www.magyarsagunkhungarikumunk.hu\/arad\/"},{"sightId":1579,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Biblioteca Jude\u021bean\u0103 Alexandru D. Xenopol Arad","address":"Strada Gheorghe Popa de Teiu\u0219 nr. 2-4","mapdata":"1|1612|1383","gps_lat":"46.1767838175","gps_long":"21.3157541189","religion":0,"oldtype":"76","newtype":"76","homepage":"https:\/\/bibliotecaarad.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Seldon92, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biblioteca_Judeteana_%22A._D._Xenpol%22_Arad-Fatada.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Biblioteca Judeteana A. D. Xenpol Arad-Fatada\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/de\/Biblioteca_Judeteana_%22A._D._Xenpol%22_Arad-Fatada.JPG\/256px-Biblioteca_Judeteana_%22A._D._Xenpol%22_Arad-Fatada.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biblioteca_Judeteana_%22A._D._Xenpol%22_Arad-Fatada.JPG\u0022\u003ESeldon92\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Arad County Library","seolink":"arad-county-library","note":"","history":"In 1881, the K\u00f6lcsey Cultural Association established the first library, but only for the members of the association. The municipal library opened in 1913 in the Palace of Culture. It moved to its current building in 1984."},{"sightId":1580,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Bulevardul General Dragalina 30","mapdata":"1|2136|2747","gps_lat":"46.1687147616","gps_long":"21.3201373507","religion":0,"oldtype":"16","newtype":"74","homepage":"https:\/\/szk.miraheze.org\/wiki\/Az_aradi_%C3%96sszetart%C3%A1s_p%C3%A1holy_p%C3%A1holyh%C3%A1za","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Bogdan Muraru, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cl%C4%83dire_AR.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Cl\u0103dire AR\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/80\/Cl%C4%83dire_AR.jpg\/512px-Cl%C4%83dire_AR.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cl%C4%83dire_AR.jpg\u0022\u003EBogdan Muraru\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Concordia Masonic Lodge","seolink":"former-concordia-masonic-lodge","note":"","history":"In 1870, the St. John's order lodge named after Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n was founded in Arad, and in 1871, the Pet\u0151fi lodge in \u00dajarad. In addition to the two lodges, a Scottish rite lodge called Fraternitas started its activities in 1870. After eight to ten years of activity, all three lodges in Arad faded out and decided to temporarily cease. In 1888, some of the former members decided to form and build a new lodge under the name of Concordia. In 1902, the land opposite the Teacher Training College was purchased, and by 1905 the ornate neoclassical building, designed by Tabakovics Mil\u00e1n, known as Emil, was built, resembling a high church. The building was inaugurated as a lodge house on 21 October 1905. By 1908 the membership had grown to 126. Today it serves as the ceremonial hall of the Aurel Vlaicu group of educational institutions."},{"sightId":1581,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Colegiul Na\u021bional Preparandia - Dimitrie \u021aichindeal","address":"Bulevardul General Dragalina 5-7","mapdata":"1|2206|2706","gps_lat":"46.1689514384","gps_long":"21.3209072147","religion":0,"oldtype":"75","newtype":"74","homepage":"https:\/\/www.tichindeal.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Silenzio76, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liceul_Pedagocic_Dimitrie_Tichindeal_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Liceul Pedagocic Dimitrie Tichindeal Arad\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/65\/Liceul_Pedagocic_Dimitrie_Tichindeal_Arad.jpg\/256px-Liceul_Pedagocic_Dimitrie_Tichindeal_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Liceul_Pedagocic_Dimitrie_Tichindeal_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003ESilenzio76\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Hungarian Royal Teacher Training Institute","seolink":"former-hungarian-royal-teacher-training-institute","note":"","history":"The building of the teacher training college was built before 1900. It was taken over by the occupying Romanians in 1919."},{"sightId":1582,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Bulevardul Revolu\u021biei","mapdata":"1|1978|1252","gps_lat":"46.1775878963","gps_long":"21.3188454585","religion":0,"oldtype":"50","newtype":"53","homepage":"https:\/\/bagyinszki.eu\/archives\/11906","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"House of Isp\u00e1n Urb\u00e1n Istv\u00e1n of Arad","seolink":"house-of-ispan-urban-istvan-of-arad","note":"","history":"Art Nouveau style palace."},{"sightId":1583,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Mihai Eminescu 19","mapdata":"1|1123|2216","gps_lat":"46.1718829529","gps_long":"21.3115371634","religion":0,"oldtype":"53,72","newtype":"53,72","homepage":"https:\/\/bagyinszki.eu\/archives\/11909","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Milan Tabakovici\n, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arad,_Palatul_Kelemen_Foldes.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Arad, Palatul Kelemen Foldes\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/29\/Arad%2C_Palatul_Kelemen_Foldes.jpg\/256px-Arad%2C_Palatul_Kelemen_Foldes.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arad,_Palatul_Kelemen_Foldes.jpg\u0022\u003EMilan Tabakovici\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former F\u00f6ldes Pharmacy","seolink":"former-foldes-pharmacy","note":"","history":"Designed by Tabakovics Mil\u00e1n in Art Nouveau style."},{"sightId":1584,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Liceul Tehnologic de Electronic\u0103 \u0219i Automatiz\u0103ri Caius Iacob","address":"Pia\u021ba Academician Caius Iacob 1","mapdata":"1|2703|163","gps_lat":"46.1840701833","gps_long":"21.3251526488","religion":0,"oldtype":"85","newtype":"74","homepage":"http:\/\/www.liceulcfrarad.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Lloyd Palace","seolink":"lloyd-palace","note":"","history":"The building of the Lloyd Company's headquarters was made possible after the demolition of the former Three Kings Inn and restaurant on the vacant plot at 5 Andr\u00e1ssy Square (now Revolution Avenue) . It was opened in 1909. The first floor rooms and the large hall were multifunctional. Council meetings and also balls were held here. It soon became a favourite meeting place for the economic elite of Arad.\n&\nwikipedia: A Lloyd-palota \u201etegnap\u201d \u00e9s ma|https:\/\/www.nyugatijelen.com\/allaspont\/puskel_peter\/a_lloyd_palota_tegnap_es_ma.php"},{"sightId":1585,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Calea Aurel Vlaicu","mapdata":"","gps_lat":"46.1905179768","gps_long":"21.3148518294","religion":0,"oldtype":"111","newtype":"111","homepage":"https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magyar_Automobil_R%C3%A9szv%C3%A9nyt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g,_Arad","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Iuliananet, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Fabrica_de_ma%C5%9Fini_MARTA,_ridicat%C4%83_%C3%AEn_1905,_a_fost_prima_uzin%C4%83_de_automobile_de_pe_actualul_teritoriu_al_Rom%C3%A2niei..jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Fabrica de ma\u015fini MARTA, ridicat\u0103 \u00een 1905, a fost prima uzin\u0103 de automobile de pe actualul teritoriu al Rom\u00e2niei.\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/12\/Fabrica_de_ma%C5%9Fini_MARTA%2C_ridicat%C4%83_%C3%AEn_1905%2C_a_fost_prima_uzin%C4%83_de_automobile_de_pe_actualul_teritoriu_al_Rom%C3%A2niei..jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Fabrica_de_ma%C5%9Fini_MARTA,_ridicat%C4%83_%C3%AEn_1905,_a_fost_prima_uzin%C4%83_de_automobile_de_pe_actualul_teritoriu_al_Rom%C3%A2niei..jpg\u0022\u003EIuliananet\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former factory of MARTA (Hungarian Automobile Company)","seolink":"former-factory-of-marta-hungarian-automobile-company","note":"","history":"In Hungary, the first factory specifically designed for car production was opened in 1909 in Arad under the name Magyar Automobil R\u00e9szv\u00e9nyt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g Westinghouse Rendszer (also known as Magyar Automobil R\u00e9szv\u00e9nyt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g, Arad, abbreviated MARTA). One of the most important brands in the history of Hungarian car manufacturing was named after the abbreviation of the company name. Initially, it was a branch of the American company Westinghouse, a subsidiary of the Le Havre company in France. They produced trucks, buses and a passenger car called Marta. In 1912, the French subsidiary of Westinghouse went bankrupt and MARTA was taken over by Austro-Daimler.@\nThe Hungarian Post soon ordered a fleet of 175 buses from Marta. In 1915, the German company Benz (which at that time was not yet merged with Daimler, but was an independent car manufacturer) bought the ownership of MARTA. Austro-Daimler passenger cars continued to be produced under the Marta brand, including the first 150 taxis of Budapest. During the First World War the factory produced only aircraft engines. After the Romanian invasion in 1919, the plant continued to operate under the name ASTRA and car production ceased."},{"sightId":1586,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Pontul Traian","address":"","mapdata":"2|267|1478","gps_lat":"46.1602937440","gps_long":"21.3222397954","religion":0,"oldtype":"30","newtype":"30","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022FOTO:FORTEPAN \/ Magyar F\u00f6ldrajzi M\u00fazeum \/ Erd\u00e9lyi M\u00f3r c\u00e9ge, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Maros_foly%C3%B3,_Erzs%C3%A9bet_h%C3%ADd._Fortepan_86598.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Maros foly\u00f3, Erzs\u00e9bet h\u00edd. Fortepan 86598\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1e\/Maros_foly%C3%B3%2C_Erzs%C3%A9bet_h%C3%ADd._Fortepan_86598.jpg\/512px-Maros_foly%C3%B3%2C_Erzs%C3%A9bet_h%C3%ADd._Fortepan_86598.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Maros_foly%C3%B3,_Erzs%C3%A9bet_h%C3%ADd._Fortepan_86598.jpg\u0022\u003EFOTO:FORTEPAN \/ Magyar F\u00f6ldrajzi M\u00fazeum \/ Erd\u00e9lyi M\u00f3r c\u00e9ge\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Bridge over the Maros River, former Elisabeth Bridge","seolink":"bridge-over-the-maros-river-former-elisabeth-bridge","note":"","history":"On 6 November 1910, the Elisabeth Bridge, built by the Arad company of Fodor Zsigmond and Reisinger S\u00e1ndor and their Budapest business partner, Schiffer Miksa, was inaugurated. The metal bridge was blown up during the Second World War on 21 September 1944. Today it bears the name of Emperor Trajan. The original bridge did not look like this."},{"sightId":1587,"townId":64,"active":2,"name_LO":"","address":"Bulevardul Revolu\u021biei","mapdata":"1|1620|2234","gps_lat":"46.1717963275","gps_long":"21.3157240562","religion":1,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/4904\/szentharomsag","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022MunteanUK, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Fa%C5%A3ada_Teatrului_%22Ioan_Slavici%22_din_Arad,_jud._AR.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Fa\u0163ada Teatrului Ioan Slavici din Arad, jud. AR\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e8\/Fa%C5%A3ada_Teatrului_%22Ioan_Slavici%22_din_Arad%2C_jud._AR.JPG\/512px-Fa%C5%A3ada_Teatrului_%22Ioan_Slavici%22_din_Arad%2C_jud._AR.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Fa%C5%A3ada_Teatrului_%22Ioan_Slavici%22_din_Arad,_jud._AR.JPG\u0022\u003EMunteanUK\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Holy Trinity Statue","seolink":"holy-trinity-statue","note":"","history":"The plague devastated in Arad several times between 1708 and 1741. Many people died, and in 1732 the people of Arad vowed to erect a statue to the Holy Trinity where they would pray every year and to make a pilgrimage to M\u00e1riaradna once a year. The statue was erected in 1746. The statue still visible today was made in 1901 and restored in 2007. \n&\nmagyarsagunkhungarikumunk.hu: Arad l\u00e1tnival\u00f3i fot\u00f3kon|https:\/\/www.magyarsagunkhungarikumunk.hu\/arad\/"},{"sightId":1588,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Episcopiei, Desseanu","mapdata":"1|897|2021","gps_lat":"46.1730413856","gps_long":"21.3096069558","religion":1,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Foto: Sven Teschke\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Arad_Hl._Nepomuk_-_3100.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Arad Hl. Nepomuk - 3100\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/55\/Arad_Hl._Nepomuk_-_3100.jpg\/256px-Arad_Hl._Nepomuk_-_3100.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"Foto: \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/User:Steschke\u0022 class=\u0022extiw\u0022 title=\u0022de:User:Steschke\u0022\u003ESven Teschke\u003C\/a\u003E","name":"Statue of St. John of Nepomuk","seolink":"statue-of-st-john-of-nepomuk","note":"","history":"The oldest statue in Arad, erected in 1729. It originally stood on the banks of the Maros River, near the present-day town hall. It was moved to its present location in 1870, as a result of the large-scale urban renewal that had begun. In 1995, it was damaged with a hammer by a person declared mentally handicapped, and in 1999 its head was broken off by an unknown assailant. Since then, the statue has been kept in the Roman Catholic parish in the city centre and a replica has been erected in its place."},{"sightId":1589,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Mihai Eminescu, Strada V\u00e2rful cu Dor","mapdata":"1|974|2199","gps_lat":"46.1719563566","gps_long":"21.3101827742","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/23520\/fabian-gabor-mellszobor","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Mister No, CC BY 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_reformata_-_panoramio_(2).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Biserica reformata - panoramio (2)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/21\/Biserica_reformata_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg\/512px-Biserica_reformata_-_panoramio_%282%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Biserica_reformata_-_panoramio_(2).jpg\u0022\u003EMister No\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Bust of F\u00e1bi\u00e1n G\u00e1bor","seolink":"bust-of-fabian-gabor","note":"","history":"On 26 May 2008, a sculpture by Arad sculptor Kocsis Rudolf was unveiled in front of the Reformed Church.@\nF\u00e1bi\u00e1n G\u00e1bor was a writer, poet, literary translator, member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Member of Parliament for the district of Vil\u00e1gos during the 1848 Revolution. He was the head guardian of the Reformed congregation during the building of the church.@\nA bust of F\u00e1bi\u00e1n G\u00e1bor has been erected before. Philipp Istv\u00e1n's statue was erected in 1912 in the small park in front of the Reformed Church. On the night of 4 September 1934, the statue was knocked down by unknown assailants (i.e. coward Romanian nationalists). The damaged bust was kept for a time in the mayor's office next to the demolished Kossuth statue, but later disappeared.\n&\nmagyarsagunkhungarikumunk.hu: Arad l\u00e1tnival\u00f3i fot\u00f3kon|https:\/\/www.magyarsagunkhungarikumunk.hu\/arad\/"},{"sightId":1590,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Salacz Gyula, Strada Episcopiei","mapdata":"1|1503|1638","gps_lat":"46.1753047507","gps_long":"21.3147197149","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/19198\/endrodi-salacz-gyula","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Bust of Endr\u0151di Salacz Gyula","seolink":"bust-of-endrodi-salacz-gyula","note":"","history":"He was mayor of Arad between 1875 and 1901. The city developed and modernised significantly under his mayoralty."},{"sightId":1591,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Bulevardul Revolu\u021biei 96.","mapdata":"1|1578|2092","gps_lat":"46.1726000120","gps_long":"21.3153812301","religion":0,"oldtype":"39","newtype":"39","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/30720\/karacsonyi-istvan#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Plaque of Kar\u00e1csony Istv\u00e1n","seolink":"plaque-of-karacsony-istvan","note":"In the Roman Catholic church.","history":"Kar\u00e1csonyi Istv\u00e1n was a priest born in Arad. After 1956 he was sentenced to 22 years in the Temesv\u00e1r Show Trial. He spent 6 years in a labour camp in total isolation until his death from a serious heart condition on 9 November 1963. A carpenter, P\u00e1ll Andr\u00e1s, who was imprisoned with him, prepared a coffin for him and buried him in the most humble conditions under strict supervision.\n&\nmagyarsagunkhungarikumunk.hu: Arad l\u00e1tnival\u00f3i fot\u00f3kon|https:\/\/www.magyarsagunkhungarikumunk.hu\/arad\/"},{"sightId":1592,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Bulevardul Revolu\u021biei","mapdata":"1|1549|2287","gps_lat":"46.1714752655","gps_long":"21.3151399496","religion":0,"oldtype":"39","newtype":"39","homepage":"https:\/\/magyarnemzet.hu\/archivum\/kulturgrund\/emlektablat-kapott-liszt-ferenc-aradon-4386764\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Plaque of Liszt Ferenc","seolink":"plaque-of-liszt-ferenc","note":"On the wall of the former White Cross Hotel.","history":"The memorial plaque was unveiled on the wall of the former White Cross Hotel on the 165th anniversary of the composer's first performance in Arad on 8 November 2011.\n&\nmagyarsagunkhungarikumunk.hu: Arad l\u00e1tnival\u00f3i fot\u00f3kon|https:\/\/www.magyarsagunkhungarikumunk.hu\/arad\/\n"},{"sightId":1593,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Lucian Blaga 9.","mapdata":"1|1486|2080","gps_lat":"46.1727290693","gps_long":"21.3146137973","religion":0,"oldtype":"39","newtype":"39","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/28354\/munkacsy-mihaly-es-az-aradi-rajziskola-emlekere#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Silenzio76, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Scoala_de_fete_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Scoala de fete Arad\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/03\/Scoala_de_fete_Arad.jpg\/256px-Scoala_de_fete_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Scoala_de_fete_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003ESilenzio76\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Plaque of Munk\u00e1csy Mih\u00e1ly","seolink":"plaque-of-munkacsy-mihaly","note":"","history":"This was once the site of a drawing school, where Munk\u00e1csy Mih\u00e1ly (1844-1900) studied the basics of painting for two years. The building is not the same as the former School of Drawing."},{"sightId":1594,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Bd. Revolutiei","mapdata":"1|2045|1206","gps_lat":"46.1778587919","gps_long":"21.3193700030","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"123","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/16596\/csiky-gergely-mellszobra#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Bust of Csiky Gergely","seolink":"bust-of-csiky-gergely","note":"","history":"Philipp Istv\u00e1n's sculpture was erected in 1912 in the small park in front of the Reformed Church, right next to the statue of F\u00e1bi\u00e1n G\u00e1bor. On 25 October 1934, the statue was knocked down by unknown assailants (i.e. coward Romanian nationalists). The damaged statue was kept in the warehouse of the Arad Museum. The possibility of re-installing the statue at the secondary school named after Csiky Gergely was raised, but in the end it was Kocsis Rudolf's work that was unveiled in the school corridor. Csiky Gergely (1842-1891) was a Hungarian playwright and literary translator."},{"sightId":1595,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Bulevardul Revolu\u021biei","mapdata":"1|1947|1479","gps_lat":"46.1762264772","gps_long":"21.3185347300","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"123","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/15269\/kossuth-lajos-szobra#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Statue of Kossuth Lajos","seolink":"statue-of-kossuth-lajos","note":"","history":"The statue of the political leader of the Hungarian War of Independence was inaugurated on 19 September 1909 on the former Archduke Joseph Road. In 1919, following the Romanian occupation of Arad, the Romanian authorities initiated the removal of the statue, but abandoned their plans in the face of protests from the population. In the early hours of 9 March 1921, unknown assailants (i.e. coward Romanians) knocked down the side figures of the monument, and the authorities boarded up the statue. On 27 July 1925, demolition began. Its pieces were taken with the Statue of Liberty to a riding hall and later to an empty lot next to a sports field. From there, the Statue of Liberty was transported to the casemates of the Arad Castle, while the bronze figures of the Statue of Kossuth disappeared without a trace."},{"sightId":1596,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Bulevardul Revolu\u021biei","mapdata":"1|1886|1634","gps_lat":"46.1752996260","gps_long":"21.3179976010","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"123","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/18974\/honved-emlek#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022K\u00e1roly Cserna\n, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Statue_of_the_1848-49_Hungarian_Revolution_in_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Statue of the 1848-49 Hungarian Revolution in Arad\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d9\/Statue_of_the_1848-49_Hungarian_Revolution_in_Arad.jpg\/256px-Statue_of_the_1848-49_Hungarian_Revolution_in_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Statue_of_the_1848-49_Hungarian_Revolution_in_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003EK\u00e1roly Cserna\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Sad Arad","seolink":"sad-arad","note":"","history":"On 8 February 1849, the Hungarian army stationed in Arad and the National Guard, led by Major Asztalos S\u00e1ndor and Government Commissioner Boczk\u00f3 D\u00e1niel, defeated the Austrian soldiers attacking from the castle and the Serb and Vlach irregular troops that had entered the city in a fierce street battle. 240 Hungarian soldiers died in the fighting. It was in their memory that the sculptor Aradi Zsigmond, who was born in Arad but lived in Milan, created this sculpture and sent it directly from there to Hungary.@\nThe white Carrara marble sculpture depicts a woman kneeling to lay a wreath in memory of the city's saviours in 1849.@\nIt was inaugurated on 8 February 1873, on the 24th anniversary of the Battle of Arad, at the northern end of Andr\u00e1ssy Avenue.@\nAfter the Romanian invasion, it was removed from the public area and moved to the old cemetery, next to the graves of the soldiers who died in the battles of 1849. In 1932, after the cemetery was dismantled, the damaged statue was placed in the storage of the Arad Museum. It has been waiting for rehabilitation in the museum ever since."},{"sightId":1597,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Parcul Reconcilierii","mapdata":"1|745|2379","gps_lat":"46.1708616134","gps_long":"21.3083471001","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/24578\/diadaliv","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Mister No, CC BY 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Parcul_Reconcilierii_din_Arad_-_panoramio_(1).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Parcul Reconcilierii din Arad - panoramio (1)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/93\/Parcul_Reconcilierii_din_Arad_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg\/512px-Parcul_Reconcilierii_din_Arad_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Parcul_Reconcilierii_din_Arad_-_panoramio_(1).jpg\u0022\u003EMister No\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Triumphal Arch","seolink":"triumphal-arch","note":"","history":"This triumphal arch was the condition for the reinstallation of the Statue of Liberty in the Reconciliation Park. The triumphal arch bears the reliefs of the leaders of the Vlach movements in Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania in 1848, including Nicolae B\u0103lcescu, Avram Iancu and M. Kog\u0103lniceanu. Avram Iancu (1824-1872) was a Transylvanian Vlach lawyer and leader of the Vlach uprising in Transylvania against the Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence in 1848-49. They supported the Habsburg oppressors. His troops massacred thousands of Hungarian civilians, wiping out entire villages, taking advantage of the fact that the Hungarian soldiers were busy liberating Transylvania from Austrian rule."},{"sightId":1598,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"","mapdata":"1|2103|1787","gps_lat":"46.1744582849","gps_long":"21.3198526306","religion":0,"oldtype":"75","newtype":"74","homepage":"http:\/\/www.colecoarad.ro\/en\/home.html","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Seldon92, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Colegiul_Economic_Arad.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Colegiul Economic Arad\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/03\/Colegiul_Economic_Arad.JPG\/512px-Colegiul_Economic_Arad.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Colegiul_Economic_Arad.JPG\u0022\u003ESeldon92\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Academy of Commerce","seolink":"former-academy-of-commerce","note":"","history":""},{"sightId":1599,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Gara Central\u0103 Arad","address":"Pia\u021ba G\u0103rii 8-9","mapdata":"","gps_lat":"46.1894298668","gps_long":"21.3250176336","religion":0,"oldtype":"31","newtype":"31","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Smiley.toerist, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Station_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Station Arad\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/48\/Station_Arad.jpg\/512px-Station_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Station_Arad.jpg\u0022\u003ESmiley.toerist\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Railway Station","seolink":"railway-station","note":"","history":"The railway station building was built in 1910 according to the plans of Sz\u00e1ntay Lajos. "},{"sightId":1600,"townId":64,"active":1,"name_LO":"Spitalul Clinic Jude\u021bean de Urgen\u021b\u0103 Arad","address":"Calea Victoriei","mapdata":"1|904|498","gps_lat":"46.1819753381","gps_long":"21.3095793580","religion":0,"oldtype":"71","newtype":"71","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"And\u00e9nyi Hospital","seolink":"andenyi-hospital","note":"","history":""}]},"language":"en","region":"romania","regionid":4,"offer":[],"gallery":false,"album":false}