Csíkszereda
Miercurea Ciuc
Csíkszereda
Historical Hungarian county:
Csík
GPS coordinates:
46.358138, 25.805203
Population
Population in 1910
| Total |
8044 |
| Hungarian |
97.92% |
| German |
0.76% |
| Vlach |
0.57% |
Coat of Arms
Madboy74, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
The Székely settlement developed in the early 15th century, as its name suggests, at the site of fairs held on Wednesdays, in the middle of the Csík Basin, at the junction of north-south and east-west trade routes. The Székelys had equal rights with the nobles, owned their own land, paid mostly no taxes, and in return were obliged to go to war one by one to defend Hungary from foreign invasions. Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania donated the town to the Székely aristocrat Mikó Ferenc of Hídvégi, who started the construction of the castle. Also in the first half of the 17th century, the Franciscan grammar school was founded in Csíksomlyó. The castle, destroyed by the Turks, was restored by the Habsburgs after the defeat of the 1703-1711 Hungarian War of Independence, and served as a barracks for the imperial army. From 1764, it became the headquarters of the 1st Székely Border Regiment, established by Empress Maria Theresa, whose command was established in the Mikó Castle. In 1849, the Székely troops played an important role in the liberation of Transylvania from imperial occupation. The town was traditionally the centre of Csíkszék. In 1876, the Székely seats were abolished during the modernisation of the public administration, and then it became the seat of Csík County. In the early 20th century, the famous Csíksomlyó Grammar School moved to the town. From 1952 to 1968, it was part of the Hungarian autonomous region created under Soviet pressure, which was then abolished by the Romanians. It then became the seat of Hargita County. It is still a Hungarian majority town. The Csíksomlyó church is one of the largest pilgrimage sites for Hungarians, with hundreds of thousands of visitors to its famous Pentecostal feast every year. The town is also famous for its ice hockey team and beer production.
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895
Arrival of the Hungarians
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895
The alliance of the seven Hungarian tribes took possession of the then largely uninhabited Carpathian Basin. Until then, the sparse Slavic population of the north-western Carpathians had lived under Moravian rule for a few decades after the collapse of the Avar Khaganate in the early 9th century.
1000
Foundation of the Hungarian Kingdom
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1000
The Kingdom of Hungary was established with the coronation of King Stephen I. He converted the Hungarians to Christianity and created two archdioceses (Esztergom and Kalocsa) and ten dioceses. He divided Hungary into counties led by ispáns, who were appointed by the king.
11-13th centuries
The area was part of the scarcely inhabited borderland of Hungary during the reign of the House of Árpád. It was full of man-made obstacles destined to prevent the enemy from breaking into Hungary.
11th century
Two castles were built opposite to each other on two hills south of the present day town. These were later called Kisvár (Small Castle) and Őrvár (Guard Castle), and were probably destroyed in the 16th century because of the Székely uprisings. Between the two castles spanned the Ördögvölgy (Devil’s Valley) as far as Csíkszentkirály. It was flooded with the water of the Olt River in case of hostile attack, in order to prevent the enemy from advancing towards Felcsík (Upper Csík Basin).
around the early 12th century
Harom Castle was built as part of the castle system defending Transylvania from the east. The Székelys were organized into special administrative units called seats (szék). They elected their leaders themselves, had equal rights with the nobles, owned their lands and were mostly exempt from taxation. In exchange for all these privileges, they were obliged to enlist as soldiers in the event of an external attack on Hungary.
1241-1242
Mongol Invasion
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1241-1242
The hordes of the Mongol Empire invaded Hungary and almost completely destroyed it. One third to one half of the population was destroyed. The Mongols also suffered heavy losses in the battle of Muhi and they could not hunt down the king. After their withdrawal, King Béla IV reorganized Hungary. He allowed the feudal lords to build stone castles because they were able to successfully resist the nomadic Mongols. The vast majority of stone castles were built after this. The king called in German, Vlach (Romanian) and Slavic settlers to replace the destroyed population.
1301
The extinction of the House of Árpád
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1301
The House of Árpád, the first Hungarian royal dynasty, died out with the death of King Andrew III. Hungary was ruled by oligarchs, the most powerful of whom was Csák Máté, whose main ally was the Aba family. King Charles I (1308-1342), supported by the Pope, eventually emerged as the most prominent of the contenders for the Hungarian throne. But it took decades to break the power of the oligarchs.
first half of the 15th century
The settlement was probably founded at that time on the site of the fairs held on Wednesdays in the neighbourhood of the already existing villages of Somlyó (1333), Taploca and Zsögöd (12-13. centuries), at the junction of roads leading from north to south and from east to west. The town’s name comes from the Hungarian szerda word, meaning Wednesday.
1437
The three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Székelys and the Saxons) formed an alliance in Kápolna (Union of Kápolna). This union gained its true significance after 1570, when Transylvania became an independent principality due to the Turkish conquest of central Hungary. These three nations were represented in the Transylvanian Diet, and they elected the prince. Vlach migrants (mostly shepherds and peasants) were a small minority at the time and were excluded from the political power just like Hungarian peasants.
1526
Battle of Mohács and the splitting of Hungary into two parts
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1526
Sultan Suleiman I launched a war against Vienna, instigated by the French. Ferdinand I, Duke of Austria, was the brother-in-law of King Louis II of Hungary. The army of the Ottoman Empire defeated the much smaller Hungarian army at Mohács, and King Louis II died in the battle. A group of the barons elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the throne, who promised to defend Hungary from the Turks. He was the younger brother of the most powerful European monarch Emperor Charles V. But the nobility chose the most powerful Hungarian baron, Szapolyai János, who was also crowned as King John I. The country was split in two and a decades-long struggle for power began.
1541
The Turkish occupation of the capital, Buda, and the division of Hungary into three parts
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1541
The Turks conquered Buda, the capital of Hungary, after the death of King John I. The central part of the country was under Turkish rule for 150 years. The western and northern parts (including present-day Slovakia) formed the Kingdom of Hungary ruled by the Habsburg emperors. The eastern parts (now mainly under Romanian rule) were ruled by the successors of King John I of Hungary, who later established the Principality of Transylvania.
August 5, 1558
The settlement’s present name was mentioned for the first time. The charter of privileges issued by Queen Isabella proves that Csíkszereda was an oppidum. The Queen, on behalf of her son John II, exempted the town’s population from taxation except for the tribute payable to the Ottoman Empire. The first component of the town’s name refers to the Székely seat of Csík, where it belonged to. According to a generally accepted opinion, it comes from an ancient Hungarian personal name, which is based on a Turkic noun meaning border. The second component of the town’s name probably refers to the fairs held on Wednesdays (the Hungarian word szerda means Wednesday). The Romanian name of the town is a translation of the Hungarian name.
1570
The establishment of the Principality of Transylvania
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1570
John II (John Sigismund), the son of King John I of Hungary, renounced the title of King of Hungary in favor of King Maximilian of the House of Habsburg, and henceforth held the title of Prince. This formally created the Principality of Transylvania, which was the eastern half of Hungary not ruled by the Habsburgs and was also a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. John II died in 1571, after which the three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Székelys and the Saxons) elected the prince.
1591-1606
Fifteen Years' War
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1591-1606
The Ottoman Empire started a war against the Habsburg Empire. The war was waged in the territory of Hungary. The Turks defeated the combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Principality of Transylvania in the battle of Mezőkeresztes in 1596, but their victory was not decisive. The war devastated the Principality of Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror.
1604-1606
Uprising of Bocskai István
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1604-1606
The alliance of the Habsburgs and the Principality of Transylvania was defeated by the Ottoman Empire in the Fifteen Years' War. The war devastated Transylvania, which was occupied by the Habsburg imperial army, and General Basta introduced a reign of terror. The nobility and the burghers were upset about the terror, the plundering mercenaries and the violent Counter-Reformation. Bocskai István decided to lead their uprising after the Habsburg emperor tried to confiscate his estates. Bocskai also rallied the hajdú warriors to his side. He was elected Prince of Transylvania and soon liberated the Kingdom of Hungary from the Habsburgs. In 1605 Bocskai István was crowned King of Hungary with the crown he received from the Turks.
23 June 1606
Peace of Vienna
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23 June 1606
Bocski István made peace with Emperor Rudolf. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and the freedom of religion. The counties of Szatmár, Bereg and Ugocsa were annexed to the Principality of Transylvania. Bocskai died of illness in the same year, leaving to his successors the idea of unifying Hungary from Transylvania.
1611
Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania donated the town to one of his loyal followers, the Székely aristocrat Hídvégi Mikó Ferenc. The prince allowed him to build a fortification as well. Csíkszereda suffered a setback in its status by having been placed under the authority of a landlord.
1619
The campaign of Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1619
At the beginning of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania went to war against the Habsburg emperor as an ally of the rebelling Czech-Moravian-Austrian estates. The whole Kingdom of Hungary joined him, only the Austrian defenders of Pozsony had to be put to the sword. With his allies, he laid siege to Vienna. However, he was forced to abandon the siege because the Habsburg-loyal Hungarian aristocrat Homonnai Drugeth György attacked his heartland with Polish mercenaries. On 25 August 1620, the Diet of Besztercebánya elected Bethlen Gábor King of Hungary as vassal of the Turks. He continued to fight after the defeat of the Czechs at White Mountain on 8 November 1620, but without real chance to achieve decisive victory, he decided to come to an agreement with Emperor Ferdinand II.
31 December 1621
Peace of Nikolsburg
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31 December 1621
Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand II. Their agreement secured the constitutional rights of the Estates of Hungary, and later it was supplemented with the freedom of religion. Bethlen renounced the title of King of Hungary in exchange for seven counties of the Upper Tisza region (Szabolcs, Szatmár, Bereg, Ugocsa, Zemplén, Borsod, Abaúj) for the rest of his life, other estates in Hungary as his private property and the imperial title of Duke of Oppeln and Ratibor (Opole and Racibórz), one of the Duchies of Silesia. Prince Bethlen went to war against the Habsburgs in 1623 and 1626, but was unable to negotiate more favourable terms.
April 26, 1623
Count Mikó Ferenc of Hídvég (1585–1635) started the construction of the castle that was named after him (Mikó Castle). He was the adviser of Prince Bethlen Gábor of Transylvania, a diplomat, a chronicler and the captain of Csík Seat. The castle was completed by the beginning of the 1630’s.
from 1630
A Franciscan grammar school was established in Somlyó, which is now part of Csíkszereda. The town is one of the religious centres of the Roman Catholic Church in Transylvania.
1644-1645
The campaign of Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania in the Thirty Years' War
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1644-1645
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania allied with the Swedes and the French in the Thirty Years' War and went to war against the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand III. On 18 July 1645 his army joined forces with Torstenson's Swedish army under Brno (Moravia). The excellent artillery of Transylvania opened fire on the city walls. However, Rákóczi had to give up the siege, having been informed that the Turks were planning a punitive campaign against Transylvania, because he went to war against the Sultan's prohibition.
16 December 1645
Peace of Linz
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16 December 1645
Prince Rákóczi György I of Transylvania made peace with Emperor Ferdinand III. It secured the freedom of religion for the Protestants and extended it also to the serfs. Rákóczi received the same seven Hungarian counties that Prince Bethlen Gábor had also held (Abauj, Zemplén, Borsod, Bereg, Ugocsa, Szabolcs, Szatmár) until his death, and the counties of Szabolcs and Szatmár were also to be inherited by his sons. The Rákóczi family also received several new estates.
1649
The bootmakers’ guild, the first guild of the town, was established.
November 4, 1649
Prince Rákóczi György of Transylvania granted a charter of privileges to the town.
17th century
The first guilds were established in the town.
1650, 1665, 1677, 1707
A general assembly of Csík Seat was held in Csíkszereda.
1657
Prince Rákóczi György II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Kraków and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.
1658
The Tartars ravaged and plundered throughout Transylvania and Grand Vizier Köprülü Mehmed captured Jenő Castle. The Estates of Transylvania sent Barcsay Ákos to the camp of the grand vizier to beg for mercy. In return, the Grand Vizier demanded that the annual tax be raised from 15 to 40 thousand forints (gold coins) and that Lugos and Karansebes be ceded. This was the price for the Turks to leave Transylvania. The grand vizier appointed Barcsay prince on 14 September.
1659
Prince Rákóczi György II returned to Transylvania and forced Barcsay Ákos to retreat to Szeben and besieged him.
May 22, 1660
In the battle of Sászfenes, Pasha Shejdi Ahmed of Buda defeated Rákóczi György II, who lost his life. The Tatar armies invaded Transylvania for the second time.
November 1660
Kemény János, the former commander of Rákóczi György II, defeated the army of Gáspár, the brother of Prince Barcsay András, at Örményes. Barcsay Gáspár fell in the battle. Then, on 31 December, Barcsay Ákos renounced the throne. In 1661 Kemény János had Barcsay Ákos captured and murdered.
1661
The army of Pasha Seydi Ahmed of Buda marched into Transylvania, after the country assembly held in Beszterce on 23 April declared the independence of Transylvania from the Ottoman Empire and placed the country under the protection of Emperor Leopold I. On 14 September, Pasha Ali forced the country assembly to elect Apafi Mihály Prince of Transylvania in Marosvásárhely.
1661
Pasha Ali of Temesvár raided Csíkszék with his Turkish and Tatar army. The Mikó Castle was also destroyed.
January 23, 1662
The deposed prince Kemény János, having been abandoned by his imperial allies, was defeated by the Turks at Nagyszőlős (near Segesvár), where he fell.
from 1676
The famous printing press of Kájoni János operated in Somly.
1683
Turkish defeat at Vienna and the formation of the Holy League
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1683
The combined armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Kingdom of Poland defeated the Turkish army besieging Vienna. Emperor Leopold I wanted to make peace with the Turks, but was refused by Sultan Mehmed IV. In 1684, at the persistent urging of Pope Innocent XI, the Holy League, an alliance of the Kingdom of Poland, the Habsburg Empire, the Republic of Venice and the Papal States, was formed to expel the Turks from Hungary. Thököly Imre, who had allied himself with the Turks, was gradually driven out of northern Hungary.
1686
Recapture of Buda and the liberation of Hungary from the Turks
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1686
The army of the Holy League recaptured Buda from the Turks by siege. In 1687, the Imperial army invaded the Principality of Transylvania. The liberation was hindered by the French breaking their promise of peace in 1688 and attacking the Habsburg Empire. By 1699, when the Peace of Karlóca was signed, all of Hungary and Croatia had been liberated from the Ottoman Empire with the exception of Temesköz, the area bounded by the Maros, the Tisza and the Danube rivers. It was not until the Peace of Požarevac in 1718 that Temesköz was liberated from the Turks. However, the continuous war against the Turkish invaders and the Habsburg autocracy, which lasted for more than 150 years, wiped out large areas of the Hungarian population, which had previously made up 80% of the country's population, and was replaced by Vlachs (Romanians), Serbs and other Slavic settlers and Germans. The Habsburgs also favoured the settlement of these foreign peoples over the 'rebellious' Hungarians.
1690
Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again, with internal autonomy and freedom of religion
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1690
According to the Diploma Leopoldinum issued by Emperor Leopold I, Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Hungary again and Hungarian law remained in force. The three nations (the Hungarians, the Székelys – who are also Hungarians –, and the Saxons) administered its internal affairs with autonomy and the freedom of religion was also preserved. The incorporation of Transylvania into the Habsburg Empire was prevented by the temporary election of Thököly Imre as Prince of Transylvania in 1690 with Turkish help.
1703-1711
Hungarian War of Independence led by Prince Rákóczi Ferenc II
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1703-1711
After the expulsion of the Turks, the Habsburgs treated Hungary as a newly conquered province and did not respect its constitution. The serfs rose up against the Habsburg ruler because of the sufferings caused by the war and the heavy burdens, and they invited Rákóczi Ferenc II to lead them. Trusting in the help promised by King Louis XIV of France, he accepted. Rákóczi rallied the nobility to his side, and soon most of the country was under his control. The rebels were called the kurucs. In 1704, the French and the Bavarians were defeated at the Battle of Blenheim, depriving the Hungarians of their international allies. The Rusyn, Slovak and Vlach peasants and the Saxons of Szepes supported the fight for freedom, while the Serbs in the south and the Saxons in Transylvania served the Habsburgs. Due to lack of funds Rákóczi could not raise a strong regular army, and in 1710, Hungary was also hit by a severe plague. Rákóczi tried unsuccessfully to forge an alliance with Tsar Peter the Great of Russia. In his absence, without his knowledge, his commander-in-chief, Károlyi Sándor, accepted Emperor Joseph I's peace offer. The Peace of Szatmár formally restored the Hungarian constitution and religious freedom and granted amnesty, but did not ease the burden of serfdom. Rákóczi refused to accept the pardon and went into exile. He died in Rodosto, Turkey.
1707
The assembly of Csík Seat decided to send a joint envoy with Háromszék Seat to Rákóczi Ferenc II, the leader of the Hungarian war of independence against the Habsburgs. The development of the town was hindered by its geographical isolation, its status as a border guard station and the inheritance law of the Székelys.
between 1714–1716
The Mikó Castle gained its present form after a reconstruction carried out by the imperial general and military engineer Stephan von Steinville by order of King Charles III of Hungary (Emperor Charles VI), which is commemorated by an inscription above the gate of the entrance. It was the headquarters of the imperial troops of Csík Seat, then it became the headquarters of the 1st Székely Border Regiment in1764.
1751
The first primary school of the town was established. Birth registration was also introduced.
1758
The Roman Catholic church was constructed.
1763
Empress Maria Theresia reorganized the border guard. She set up three Székely and two Vlach border regiments. They started the forced conscription of the Székelys, who resisted in defence of their traditions and privileges. The imperial army led by Baron Siskovics József attacked Mádéfalva, where the Székely leaders had gathered, and massacred 200 Székelys, including women and children, with savage cannon fire on 7 January 1764. This event is known in history as the 'Madefalva Massacre' or 'Madefalva Calamity'.
1764
The male inhabitants of the town were conscripted to the border regiment. The Mikó Castle became the headquarters of the 1st Székely Border Regiment.
1848-1849
Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence
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1848-1849
Following the news of the Paris Revolution on 22 February 1848, the Hungarian liberal opposition led by Kossuth Lajos demanded the abolition of serfdom, the abolition of the tax exemption of the nobility, a parliament elected by the people, and an independent and accountable national government. The revolution that broke out in Pest on 15 March expressed its demands in 12 points, which, in addition to the above mentioned, included the freedom of the press, equality before the law, the release of the political prisoners and the union with Transylvania. A Hungarian government was formed, Batthyány Lajos became prime minister, and on 11 April Emperor Ferdinand V ratified the reform laws. On August 31 the Emperor demanded the repeal of the laws threatening with military intervention. In September the Emperor unleashed the army of Jelacic, Ban of Croatia, on Hungary, but they were defeated by the Hungarians in the Battle of Pákozd on 29 September. An open war began for the independence of Hungary. The Habsburgs incited the nationalities against the Hungarians. The Rusyns, the Slovenes and most of the Slovaks and Germans supported the cause persistently, but the Vlachs (Romanians) and the Serbians turned against the Hungarians. The glorious Spring Campaign in 1849 led by General Görgei Artúr liberated almost all of Hungary. On 1 May 1849, Emperor Franz Joseph, effectively admitting defeat, asked for the help of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, who sent an intervention army of 200,000 soldiers against Hungary. The resistance became hopeless against the overwhelming enemy forces and on 13 August Görgei Artúr surrendered to the Russians at Világos. Bloody reprisals followed, and on 6 October 1849, 12 generals and a colonel of the Hungarian Revolution, the martyrs of Arad, were executed in Arad. On the same day, Batthyány Lajos, the first Hungarian Prime Minister, was executed by firing squad in Pest. The Habsburgs introduced total authoritarianism in Hungary, but they also failed to fulfil their promises to the nationalities that had betrayed the Hungarians.
April 5, 1848
The students of Somlyó demonstrated in favour of the Hungarian Revolution with the leadership of Gecző János. They tore down the signboards with the two headed eagle that were set up at the village entrances. The military arrested several students, but they were released after the victory of the revolution.
January 18, 1849
Colonel Gál Sándor took over the command of the 1st Székely Border Regiment in the Mikó Castle. Generl Bem József appointed Gál Sándor commander in chief of the Hungarian troops in Székelyföld, who set up his headquarters in the Mikó Castle. But first, he had to capture the castle held by the imperials, though it wasn’t too difficult. As soon as he started to fire at the castle with two cannons, the imperial commander fled. The Székely commander sent three battalions from Csík Seat to the army of General Bem, which played an important role in the victory over the imperial army of General Anton Puchner at Pisk on 9 February and in capturing the town of Nagyszeben.
1849
The famous Hungarian revolutionary poet Petőfi Sándor visited the town. He wrote to his wife, Szendrey Júlia, that Csíkszereda and Kézdivásárhely had a beautiful countryside. The first newspaper of the town, the Hadi Lap (Wartime Journal), was published in 1849 edited by Captain Bíró Sándor.
after 1849
After the fall of the Hungarian War of Independence, the Mikó Castle was turned into a prison, where many of its participants died.
1851
A hospital was established.
1867
Austro-Hungarian Compromise
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1867
The Habsburg Empire was weakened by the defeats it suffered in the implementation of Italian and German unity. The Hungarians wanted to return to the reform laws of 1848, but they did not have the strength to do so. Emperor Franz Joseph and the Hungarian opposition, led by Deák Ferenc, finally agreed to restructure the Empire and abolish absolutism. Hungary was given autonomy in its internal affairs, with its own government and parliament, which was essential for the development of its economy and culture. However, foreign and military affairs remained in the hands of the Habsburgs and served their aspiration for becoming a great power. The majority wanted Hungary's independence, but they were excluded from political power.
1870’s
An agricultural school was established.
1876
Public administration was modernized and medieval structures were abolished in Hungary. The autonomy of the Székelys was abolished and their traditional administrative units, the seats, were incorporated into the county system.
1876
The town became the seat of Csík County. Previously it was the centre of Csík Seat.
1880
A civil girl’s school was established.
1884
The craftsmen of the neighbourhood established the Industrial Association of Csík.
1888
A new hospital was built.
April 5, 1897
Railway reached the town. Small factories were established in the wood, light and machine industries. The Romfeld Brewery and later the Gál Brewery were established.
1898
The county hall was completed, which now functions as the town hall.
1905
The new building of the court of justice was completed.
1911
The building of the present day Márton Áron High School was completed. The four hundred years old school was moved from Somlyó to the new building in Csíkszereda.
1911
The construction of the electrical network started.
1914-1918
World War I
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1914-1918
As part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, Hungary took part in the war on the side of the Central Powers.
1916
On 27 August, Romania declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and launched an attack against Hungary. This triggered a huge wave of refugees from Transylvania, as the population feared a repeat of the Romanian ethnic cleansing of 1848-49. The Romanians invaded most of Székelyland. Austro-Hungarian and German forces drove the invaders out of the country by mid-October and occupied Bucharest on 6 December. Romania surrendered and signed a peace treaty with the central powers on 7 May 1918 (Treaty of Bucharest).
1916
The Romanian army broke into the town and burned most of the houses. The town was liberated by the Hungarian army in October the same year.
1918
On 3 November, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy signed the Armistice of Padua. The already defeated Romania then declared war on Germany on 10 November, just one day before the Germans signed the armistice near Compiègne. The Romanians then launched an offensive against Hungary, which had already unconditionally ceased fighting at the demand of the Entente. Romania was only recognised by the Entente powers as one of the victors of WWI only later.
November 1918 - January 1919
The Czech, Romanian and Serbian occupation of Hungary
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November 1918 - January 1919
In Hungary, the freemasonic subversion brought the pro-Entente Károlyi Mihály to power. The new government, naively trusting the Entente powers, met all their demands and disbanded the Hungarian military, which rendered the country completely defenseless in the most dire need. Under French and Italian command, Czech, Romanian and Serbian troops invaded large parts of Hungary, where they immediately began the takeover. They fired Hungarian railway workers, officials and teachers, banned the use of the Hungarian language, abolished Hungarian education, and disposed of everything that reminded them of the country's Hungarian past. Hundreds of thousands of Hungarians were forced to leave their homeland, and the forcible assimilation of the remaining Hungarians was begun.
November 26, 1918
The Romanian army invaded the town.
December, 1918
In Kolozsvár, on the initiative of retired Lieutenant General Lukács Béla, the Székely Division was created to defend against the Romanian troops invading Transylvania. It was the only well-equipped, combat-ready Hungarian military force to fight against the Romanian conquerors. At its peak it numbered about 12,000. In Hungary, the political power was usurped by the pro-Entente left-wing government of Károlyi Mihály, which let down the Székely Division and disbanded the Hungarian military. The communists, to whom Károlyi Mihály conceded the power, were also hostile towards the Székely Division. Later most of its soldiers took part in the North Campaign that temporarily liberated a significant part of northern Hungary from the Czech invaders.
from 1918
By 1922, 197,000 Hungarians were forced to leave the Romanian-occupied part of the country. By 1939 a further 169,000 Hungarians had left Transylvania, mostly aristocrats, intellectuals and a significant number of farmers. Most of them moved to Hungary. Before the Romanian invasion, 1,662,000 Hungarians lived in Transylvania, 32 percent of the population.
4 June 1920
Trianon Dictate
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4 June 1920
Hungary was forced to sign the Treaty of Trianon, although the country was not invited to the peace talks. Hungary lost two thirds of its territory that had belonged to it for more than 1000 years. One-third of the Hungarian population came under foreign rule. On the basis of the national principle, countries with a more mixed and less ethnically balanced composition than the former Hungary were created, such as Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia). For example, while 48% of the population of the territory ceded to Czechoslovakia was Slovak and 30% Hungarian, 54% of the population of the former Hungary was Hungarian and 10.6% Slovak. And in the territory that is now part of Serbia, the Hungarians outnumbered the Serbs. The part of the territory allocated to Romania from Hungary was larger than the remaining territory of Hungary, despite the fact that there were 10 million Hungarians and less than 3 million Romanians in the former Hungary. While Hungary used to have the most liberal nationality policy in Europe, the successor states had no respect at all for the national and cultural rights of the indigenous Hungarians and engaged in forced assimilation. The Trianon Dictate destroyed the organic economic unity of the region. Before the First World War, Hungary had a dynamic economy, more advanced than Spain's. After 1920, the successor states formed the so-called "Little Entente", putting Hungary under an economic blockade and sabotaging it on the international stage.
1920
Zsögöd was attached to the town.
30 August 1940
Second Vienna Award
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30 August 1940
Under the Second Vienna Award, Hungary regained 43,492 km2 of Hungarian-majority territory from Romania (Northern Transylvania). In Southern Transylvania, a further 400,000 Hungarians remained under Romanian rule.
September 11, 1940
The Hungarian army marched into the liberated town under the command of Vitéz Heszlényi József.
autumn, 1944
The Romanian paramilitary organization called Maniu Guard committed a series of murders and robberies among the Hungarian population of Transylvania under the guise of partisan actions. In September and October, they murdered 200 innocent civilians. The members of the Maniu Guard and the Romanian gendarmes interned thousands of Hungarians in death camps. From Maros-Torda County alone, 4000 Hungarians, including 450 children, were deported to Barcaföldvár (near Brassó) and other camps (e.g. Tagru Jiu) only from Maros-Torda County. Most of them perished there as a result of cruel treatment. The Barcaföldvár internment camp was shut down on 29 October 1945, at which time only 90 people were still alive.
September 11, 1944
The Soviet horde invaded the town. The Romanian paramilitary organization called the Maniu Guard arrived in the town behind the Soviet invaders. They collected 150 Hungarian citizens, whose execution was only prevented by the Soviet commander of the town.
November 12, 1944
Soviet General Vinogradov banned the Romanian authorities from Northern Transylvania because of the genocide committed by the Maniu Guard. The Romanian authorities were allowed to return after the formation of the Petru Groza government on 6 March 1945.
1947
Paris Dictate
Little more...
1947
The Paris Dictate, in accordance with Soviet interests, did not recognise the just territorial revisions made by the two Vienna decisions and handed the reclaimed Hungarian-majority territories back to Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia, where the Hungarians were subjected to severe atrocities, expulsions and deprivation of rights. It also seceded three more villages south of Pozsony from Hungary to Czechoslovakia.
September 21, 1952
Soviet pressure led to the creation of the Hungarian Autonomous Province, which included most of Székelyland and was based in Marosvásárhely.
1959
Csíksomlyó and Csíktaploca were attached to the town.
1960
The Hungarian Autonomous Province was mutilated by detaching Háromszék and renamed Maros-Hungarian Autonomous Province.
1968
The Maros-Hungarian Autonomous Province was completely abolished. 800,000 Romanians were settled in Transylvania from Moldavia, but many also came from Wallachia. The aim was to Romanianize the still majorly Hungarian towns and to break up the ethnic Hungarian blocks. In Székelyföld, Marosvásárhely was the most successfully Romanianized.
1968
The pseudo-communist leadership of Romanian abolished the Maros-Hungarian Autonomous Region. They created the counties of Kovászna, Maros and Hargita instead. Csíkszereda became the seat of the newly created Hargita County.
after 1968
The forced industrialization started, and Romanian migrants were moved to the town. The wood, the light and the machine industries were the most important besides the brewery.
1970
The ice rink was built. The town is famous for its Hungarian ice hockey team.
1980s
The Székely county centres were classified as closed towns where only Romanians were allowed to settle.
2002
7.2 million people lived in Transylvania, including 1.42 million Hungarians. There were 1.65 million Hungarians out of 5.2 million in 1910. The proportion of the Romanians increased from 53.78% to 74.69%, while the proportion of the Hungarians decreased from 31.64% to 19.6%. The proportion of the Germans dropped from 10.75% to below 1%. These changes were mainly the results of migration and the persecution of Hungarians and Saxons. Transylvania here refers to the entire territory that once belonged to Hungary, which is much larger than historical Transylvania.
Castles
Mikó Castle, Székely Museum of Csík
Muzeul Secuiesc al Ciucului
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Renovated / Good
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Sóvár Castle
Condition:
Completely destroyed
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Churches, religious buildings
Public buildings
Cultural facilities
Town infrastructure
Private buildings
Memorials
Museums and Galleries
Churches, religious buildings
Church of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary and Franciscan Monastery in Csíksomlyó
Originally:
church and monastery
Currently:
church and monastery
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Church of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary and Franciscan Monastery in Csíksomlyó
History
It is one of the most important pilgrimage sites and cultural and historical monuments of Hungary.
The Franciscan monks settled here in the 15th century, and between 1442 and 1448 they built the first Gothic church and the small Gothic monastery. Hunyadi János also contributed to the construction of the church from the spoils of his victory over the Turks. The church was consecrated in honour of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which is still the church's feast day (2 July in Hungary). It is called 'Sarlós Boldogasszony' in Hungarian (Blessed Lady of the Sickle), as 2 July was the beginning of the harvest. The church and monastery were surrounded by a strong stone wall, where the people of the area fled in the following centuries during enemy invasions.
In 1661, the Turks set the church and the monastery on fire, and the people who fled here were partly killed and partly taken prisoner. The victims were buried in a mass grave in front of the church. In 1664, with the prince's permission, the abbot Damokos Kázmér started a nationwide collection and the church was restored with the donations he had collected. At this time, the statue of Mary, which had escaped the fire, was placed on the main altar. Previously it had been part of a separate side altar dedicated to Mary.
In 1694, a Tatar army attacked Csíksomlyó, but the monastery's students, with the help of the people, repelled them. The buildings were repaired and enlarged several times in the 17th and 18th centuries, but by 1802 the church had become too small and it was decided to build a new one.
Construction of the new Baroque church began in 1804, according to the plans of architect Konstantin Schmidt. Construction proceeded slowly, with the blessing of the sacristy and sanctuary on 21 November 1813, but the church was still far from complete. The towers were completed in 1830. The copper statue of Mary on the facade was made in 1837 by Rothenbacher, a master goldsmith from Brassó. The church was consecrated by the Bishop Fogarasy Mihály of Transylvania on 20 August 1876.
In 1948 Pope Pius XII elevated it to the rank of basilica minor.
The statue of the Virgin Mary with the baby Jesus is the most precious part of the church. Carved in lime wood, it was probably made in the Renaissance style between 1515 and 1520. With its 2.27 m hight it is the largest of the world's miraculous statues, but its creator is unknown. It depicts a woman dressed in the sun, with the crescent moon at her feet, a wreath of 12 stars around her head, a crown on her head, a sceptre in her right hand and the Saviour in her left. This statue is the centre of Marian pilgrimages, where pilgrims pay homage, kiss her feet, caress her, and touch her with their votive objects. The statue survived the great Turkish attack and fire of 1661. Legend has it that the Turkish leader, seeing its value, wanted to take it, but the statue became so heavy that they could not move it with eight pairs of oxen. Seeing this, he wounded the statue's face and neck with his sword, the marks of which can still be seen today.
The church was largely decorated by Papp Miklós, a painter and sculptor from Brassó.
The high altar was only completed in 1876. The choir was built in 1831 by Papp Miklós and Pfeiffer Antal, a master craftsman from Gyergyószentmiklós. The stained glass windows were made in 1905 in Bohemia. The statues of the Hungarian saint kings, St Stephen and St László, on either side of the miraculous statue were made in 1905 in the workshop of Jozef Runggaldier in Gröden, Tyrol. The statues of St Anthony and St Joseph were made by Vágó Gábor in 1938.
The organ was built in 1931 by the organ factory of Wegenstein Lipót and Sons in Temesvár, and with its 2824 pipes it is one of the most beautiful organs in Transylvania. The crypt under the church was built in 1732 and extended in 1838, when the church was built.
The pulpit was made by Papp Miklós in 1835.
Among the altars, the altarpiece of St. Francis was painted in 1838 by Csűrös József, a painter from Kolozsvár. The altar of St. Anne was painted by Papp Miklós in 1839, as well as the altar of St. John the Baptist in 1840. The altar of St. Anne shows St. Apollonia above and the Nativity of Jesus below. The altar of St John the Baptist has St Sarah above and St Mary Magdalene below. The present picture of the altar of St. Anthony was painted in 1931 by the painter Szopos Sándor from Kolozsvár, after the original picture was given to the chapel in Sófalva. The upper picture, depicting St Bonaventure, was painted by Papp Miklós. The picture of the altar of St. Elizabeth was painted in 1938, after the original picture of St. Ignatius of Loyola was brought to the choir. The upper St. Juliana and the lower (The Last Supper) picture are also by Papp Miklós. The altar of St. John of Nepomuk was erected in 1835, with St. Elizabeth's Visitation on the top and St. Wendelin of Trier on the bottom. The painter of the altar of St Margaret of Cortona is unknown.
The monastery of Csíksomlyó was built in the 15th century together with the Gothic church. From the very beginning, the Franciscans educated children in the area, first at a basic level and then at a higher level. The first mention of the grammar school of Csíksomlyó dates back to 1630. After the Turkish invasion in 1661, the monks restored the church and the monastery, and in 1667 they re-founded the grammar school. The Franciscans also founded a printing press in 1675, which became one of the most important distributors of Transylvanian culture until the end of the 19th century. It was the only Catholic printing house in Transylvania until 1727, when the Jesuit Academy in Kolozsvár founded its printing press. The most important founder was the highly educated monk Father Kájoni János, whose first Latin-Hungarian hymnal was published here in 1676. The monastery library was one of the richest ecclesiastical collections in Transylvania. In the 17th century, a paintor's workshop was also located next to the monastery. The monastery also houses the Csíksomlyó calendar stone, which dates back to the Bronze Age.
The grammar school had its heyday in the 18th century. In 1720 the St. Anthony of Padua Society began its activities, and from 1730 the St. Mary Society. A boarding seminary was established thanks to the donation of Lukács Mihály, dean of Csík. In 1858 Father Simon Jukundián founded a school for cantors and teachers. In 1911 the Franciscans handed the grammar school over to the diocese, when it moved to the present-day Márton Áron Lyceum building, where it functioned as a Catholic grammar school until 1948.
Millennium Church
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Millennium Church
History
The church was built in 2003, based on the plans of Makovecz Imre, and consecrated on 18 October 2003, in honour of the Assumption and the Hungarian saints, by Archbishop Jakubinyi György and Bishop Tamás József. The parish priest Darvas-Kozma József came up with the idea of the Millennium Church.
The statue of the Resurrection behind the altar is the work of the sculptor Nagy Ödön from Csíkszereda. In the middle of the basement stands the statue of the Lady of the Hungarians, made in Fatima. In the basement is the chapel of Blessed Father Mayer Rupert. Its sanctuary is decorated with three frescoes by local painter Márton Árpád. The fresco on the left depicts King St Stephen and Gisela, whose marriage in 996 bonded the fate of the Hungarian people to Western Christianity. The composition of Blessed Mayer Rupert (1876 - 1945) is a reference to this western link. The third picture shows Bishop Márton Áron, a prominent figure of Transylvanian Hungarians. Two 18th-century torsos are placed on the wall of the nave. Both were "wounded" in September 1944. On the left is the half-burnt Christ of Ajnád, on the right is a statue of St John of Nepomuk from the Church of the Holy Cross.
St. Peter and Paul Roman Catholic Parish Church
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St. Peter and Paul Roman Catholic Parish Church
History
On the site of the present parish church of St Peter and St Paul, there was a church built during the reign of the House of Árpád, which was already listed in the papal tithe registers of 1333 and 1334. The church was rebuilt in the Gothic style in the 15th century. The date 1680 on the church tower indicates the date of repair and extension. A related date is 1681, when Archbishop Vitus Pilutius of Marianopolis consecrated two new side altars to the Virgin Mary and St Stephen of Hungary. The Gothic church was demolished because of its dilapidated state and small size. Between 1795 and 1805 a new church was built using the stones of the old church at the expense of the parish. In 1823 the tower was also raised.
Holy Trinity Roman Catholic Parish Church in Csíkzsögöd
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Holy Trinity Roman Catholic Parish Church in Csíkzsögöd
History
The church was built in the 15th century in Gothic style in honour of the Holy Trinity. It was rebuilt in Baroque style in 1707 and its tower was added in 1800. Its statue of Mary dates from the same period as the one in Csíksomlyó, around 1520.
Roman Catholic Parish Church in Csíktapolca
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Roman Catholic Parish Church in Csíktapolca
History
The church was built between 1841 and 1844 in neo-Baroque style.
Holy Cross Roman Catholic Parish Church
Biserica Înălțarea Sfintei Cruci
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Holy Cross Roman Catholic Parish Church
History
The church was built in the Baroque style between 1751 and 1758. It was consecrated in honour of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross in 1784. In 1771, the chapel of St John of Nepomuk was built on the north wall of the church.
The first documentary mention of Csíkszereda dates back to 1558, when it was already mentioned as a town, "oppidum Csík Szereda", so the settlement must be much older. In the Middle Ages, the Catholics of Csíkszereda did not have their own church, they belonged to the St. Peter parish in Csobotfalva. It is probable that the locals used the chapel of Mikó Castle as a place of worship until 1751, when the independent parish was established.
The church was completely surrounded by a defensive wall. In the fire of 1916, the parish and the archives burnt down. At the beginning of the 20th century, the population of the town was, with few exceptions, Roman Catholic, and it had only Catholic church and Catholic parish.
At the end of the 19th century, when Csíkszereda became the seat of the county, the town started to develop more rapidly, but the church could no longer meet the needs of the growing settlement. By the beginning of the 20th century, plans for a new church had been drawn up, and the funds for its construction had been raised by 1914. But before work could begin, the First World War broke out and everything was lost.
In the fire of 1916 the parish, the bell-ringer's and the cantor's dwelling burnt down. In the difficult circumstances after the war, reconstruction was only possible in 1928, thanks to a donation from Bishop Count Majláth Károly Gusztáv and others.
In 1945, the bell-ringer's dwelling behind the church was demolished.
In 1981, the communists wanted to take the garden next to the church to open up a street, but the archdeacon-parish priest had a plank church built on it next to the existing church because of the large number of worshippers. More than 5,000 worshippers gathered for the holy mass of the confirmation, so that the service could only be held in the churchyard.
The new, larger church (Millennium Church) was started in 2001 and was completed in 2003 as a result of the persistent work of Darvas-Kozma József, the dean-parish priest, based on the plans of Makovecz Imre. The new church was consecrated on 18 October 2003 by Archbishop Jakubinyi György and Bishop Tamás József in honour of the Assumption and the Hungarian saints. After the construction of the new church, the plank church was moved to Szécseny at the foot of the Hargita Mountain. On 6 September, it was consecrated by Bishop Tamás József in honour of St. Kinga of the House of Árpád.
St. Nicholas Orthodox (Former Greek Catholic) Church
Biserica Sfântul Nicolae
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St. Nicholas Orthodox (Former Greek Catholic) Church
History
The Orthodox church was built in the neo-Byzantine style after the Romanian occupation between 1929 and 1935.
St. Anthony of Padua Chapel
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St. Anthony of Padua Chapel
History
One of the three chapels on the Kissomlyó Hill. It was built between 1750 and 1773 at the expense of Haller Krisztina of Hallerkő on the site of an earlier 17th century chapel in Baroque style. Its altarpiece depicts Saint Anthony of Padua.
The history of the former small chapel dates back to the Turkish-Tatar raids of 1661. During the cruel massacre on St. Ursula's Day, 21 October, the pagans looted the church and burnt the monastery. Of the twelve monks, the Tartars killed four, took four away, and only four escaped. According to Leonard Losteiner, a former historian of the order, the Franciscan friar Márk Jakab from Hosszúaszó fled from the danger to the blackthorn bushes on the southern side of Mount Kissomlyó and hid there to watch the destruction of the church and monastery. In the agony of mortal fear, he appealed to St. Anthony for help, and promised St. Anthony that if he escape from the danger, he would build a chapel with his own hands on the spot where he was hiding. Keeping his vow, in 1673, he built the former chapel of St. Anthony. In contrast, the inscription on the brick found when the chapel was rebuilt in 1775 reads "Johannes Mark Ao. 1673.", which indicates that the builder's name was Márk János and not Márk Jakab.
After the students of the Roman Catholic Grammar School of Csíksomlyó became aware of the miraculous story of the chapel's origins, they began to consider the place particularly sacred. From 1720 onwards, they chose Saint Anthony of Padua as their patron saint. The veneration of St. Anthony of Padua began to spread among the population and more and more people made pilgrimages to the chapel for the devotions of the nine Tuesdays. This consisted of nine consecutive masses on Tuesdays before the feast of St. Anthony. Between 1749 and 1750, a new sanctuary was built for the old chapel.
Countess Haller Karolina of Hallerkő, the wife of Count Gyulai Ferenc, cavalry general, was much grieved by the loss of her only daughter and worried about the illness of her son, while she was also tormented by earaches. Once, waking from a deep sleep, a Franciscan appeared before him and said the following:
"if you want to save your son from death and rid yourself of the earache, see to the repair of the chapel in Transylvania where nine days devotions are held."
The unexpected recovery of her son convinced the Countess of the reality of the vision. She learned about the nine days devotions at the Chapel of St. Anthony in Csíksomlyó from the Franciscan Father Péterffi Kornél and in gratitude offered 600 forints for the construction. Father Tóth Sebestyén, the chapel's caretaker, used the money to enlarge the chapel and build the nave. In the course of this work, between 1773 and 1775, the chapel took its present form. In 1776, it was consecrated by Bőröd István, Archdeacon of the district of Felcsík, Canon of Gyulafehervár. The statue of Saint Anthony was carved in 1942.
Salvator Chapel
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Salvator Chapel
History
One of the three chapels on the Kissomlyó Hill. The exact date of construction of the oldest chapel is unknown. Its name comes from the abbreviation of the Latin Transfiguratio Salvatoris. According to tradition, on 8 August 1456, the day of the Saviour's transfiguration, the army of Hunyadi János defeated the besieging Turkish army at Belgrade with the name of the Salvator on their lips. The chapel was therefore built to commemorate the triumph of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade), probably in the second half of the 15th century. After the Tatar invasion of 1661, the special wooden barrel vault of 16 coffers was made with the support of the captain of Háromszék, Mikes Kelemen and his wife Kálnoki Zsuzsanna, whose coat of arms and initials appear on it.
The high altar was made in 1679, from the vow of Haller János's wife, Kornis Katalin. It depicts Christ holding the cross in the centre, and on the sides are St Paul the Apostle and St Catherine. The south side altarpiece was made in 1673 thanks to Petki Katalin, and has a panel depicting Ecce Homo. The north side altar shows the Virgin of Loreto in a queenly dress with the baby Jesus in her arms. The Salvator Chapel was consecrated in 1680 by Archbishop Vitus Pilutius of Marianopolis in honour of the Transfiguration of the Lord. The chapel was rebuilt in 1780 by Countess Gyulai, and the present stone lobby was erected in 1877-1878 to replace the earlier wooden structure. The altarpiece of the sanctuary was painted in 1879.
Once surrounded by a stone wall, its guard lived in the nearby hermitage.
The stone cross in front of the door was erected in 1876 by the parishioners of Gyergyóalfalva in commemoration of the 1567 victory.
In 1567, on the hill of Tolvajos-tető, the Székelys led by István, the parish priest of Gyergyóalfalva, defeated the army of John Sigismund on Pentecost Saturday and defended their Catholic Church in the Csík and Gyergyó basins. It is in honour of this event that the annual Pentecostal feast of Csíksomlyó is held.
The steep path from the bottom of the hill to the chapel of Salvator is known as the Pass of Jesus, which is prayed over during pilgrimages. Along the way there are several old crosses and station crosses.
St. John of Nepomuk Chapel
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St. John of Nepomuk Chapel
History
The chapel was built in 1838 at the expense of Csíkszék. The Franciscans used to welcome pilgrims to the Pentecostal feast at the chapel built into the fence wall, the pulpit of the facade served this purpose.
Passion of Jesus Chapel
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Passion of Jesus Chapel
History
One of the three chapels on the Kissomlyó Hill. It is actually a niche with a very beautiful statue of the kneeling Jesus tied to the pillar, made in 1810. Nearby, the Pentecostal pilgrims await the sunrise.
Holy Crown of Hungary Chapel
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Holy Crown of Hungary Chapel
History
Public buildings
Former County Hall, Town Hall
Primăria
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Former County Hall, Town Hall
History
The former country hall was built between 1886-1887, based on the plans of Hám Ignác, in an eclectic neo-Renaissance style.After 1878, with the establishment of the county system, Csíkszereda became the centre of Csík County. At that time the movement for the construction of the new country hall in Csíkszereda was launched, the main promoter of which was the ispán Mikó Mihály. The seat of the county moved from Csíksomlyó in 1879, first to the Mikó Castle, and soon the construction of the new county hall began. Between 1913 and 1914 the old building was enlarged, the facade was proportionally extended both to the south and to the north. It was then given its Nobaroque appearance.
In the 1970s, the leadership in the fast-growing town wanted a new headquarters in line with socialist expectations. The new county hall is the seat of the present day Hargita county administration. After its construction, the municipal administration was housed in the former county hall building.
Former Seat of the Székely Seat of Csík
Spitalul Infectios din Sumuleu
Originally:
seat of an institution
Currently:
hospital / clinic / sanatorium / doctor's office
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Former Seat of the Székely Seat of Csík
History
Next to the monastery stands the former seat of Csík, Gyergyó and Kászon seats, built between 1828 and 1841. Seats (szék) were the traditional administrative units of the Székely people until county system was extended over Székelyland as well. The building now houses a pulmonary sanatorium and hospital.
It was built on the model of the monastery, with a corridor on the facade facing the inner courtyard similar to the cloisters of monasteries. The multifunctional building has been modified several times.
Until the end of the 18th century, Csíkszék had no permanent administrative centre, so the assemblies of the Székelys were held at the residence of the royal judges (főkirálybíró). In accordance with the laws demanding the establishment of a permanent seat, the site of the new seat was designated on 21 May 1810 in Csíksomlyó, on the land opposite the Franciscan monastery. The foundation stone of the building was laid in 1828. The administrative, military and judicial centre of Csíkszék was completed in 1841 under royal judge Balázsi József.
Between 1841 and 1878, the building was used as the headquarters of Csík, Gyergyó and Kászon seats, as it was originally intended.
After the abolition of the Székely seats and the establishment of the county system, the seat was moved to Csíkszereda. Initially, only the judiciary, separated from the administration, then in 1878 the seat of the administration was moved to Csíkszereda.
In 1888, the vacant building was purchased for the Roman Catholic Grammar School of Csíksomlyó, where the dormitory of the school and the Roman Catholic Teacher Training Institute of Csíksomlyó were located. In 1911, after the relocation of the grammar school to Csíkszereda, the public building was taken over by the Teacher Training Institute.
After the nationalization in 1920, the teacher training institute moved to Csíkszereda, and in 1922 the diocese moved the school and its dormitory to the northern wing of the grammar school. From 1922 onwards, a weaving mill operated in the building, and later private apartments were built in it. In 1930, the building of the former headquarters of Csíkszék became the seat of the Székely Museum of Csík.
In 1937, the Baron Jósika Fund became the owner, and the "Salvator" Medical Centre of the Transylvanian Catholic Women's Association, the maternity ward was established in the multifunctional building. The collection of the Székely Museum of Csík was still kept there.
After the Teacher Training Institute was moved out of the grammar school building, the "Salvator" Medical Centre moved to the old court building, and the Teacher Training Institute returned to the former seat of Csíkszék.
In 1940 the Hungarian state took over the school, and the building was subsequently renovated and extended. Between 1942 and 1949, the Roman Catholic Teacher Training Institute of Csíksomlyó was located in this building. In 1949, the building was nationalized and the Infectious Diseases Hospital was housed in the building. The building, which is owned by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gyulafehérvár, is now the infectious diseases ward of the County Hospital.
Palace of Justice
Spitalul Județean Secția ORL
Originally:
court, prison/jail
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Palace of Justice
History
The court moved into the new seat in 1905. The plans for the Palace of Justice and the prison were drawn up in 1903 by the architect Wagner Gyula, one of the specialists in building courts and prisons of the turn of the century.
Former Headquarters of the Székely Border Regiment
Spitalul Județean Secția ORL
Originally:
military headquarters / administration
Currently:
hospital / clinic / sanatorium / doctor's office
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Former Headquarters of the Székely Border Regiment
History
It was built in 1786 and was the headquarters of the officers of the 1st Székely Border Regiment until the beginning of the 19th century. After the establishment of Csík County in 1887, the court, which was separated from the administration, moved here from Csiksomlyó. Between 1904 and 1921 it was used as a furniture factory, then for a while as a private residence. In 1942 it was enlarged and a maternity ward was opened with the financing of the Csíki Magánjavak (Csík Private Properties, a joint estate). At present it houses the otolaryngology department of the county hospital.
Cultural facilities
Former Roman Catholic Grammar School, Márton Áron and Segítő Mária Roman Catholic High Schools
Márton Áron Gimnázium, Segítő Mária Római Katolikus Gimnázium
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Former Roman Catholic Grammar School, Márton Áron and Segítő Mária Roman Catholic High Schools
History
The school was built between 1909 and 1911 in the Art Nouveau style. The former Roman Catholic High School has borne the name of its famous pupil, Bishop Márton Áron, since 1990.
The predecessor of the present school was the Roman Catholic Grammar School of Csíksomlyó, founded by Franciscan monks in the mid-17th century. More recently, researchers have dated the beginnings of school education in Csíksomlyó to the end of the 16th century, based on circumstantial evidence, but there are written documents from the first half of the 17th century, from 1626, about the reorganisation of the school. The grammar school operated in Csíksomlyo until 1911.
In 1900, at a meeting chaired by Count Majláth Gusztáv Károly, Bishop of Transylvania, it was decided to move the grammar school to Csíkszereda. The architect Alpár Ignác was commissioned to prepare the first design and budget for the new building. The final plans were prepared by Pápai Sándor, technical adviser and engineer. The foundation stone was laid in 1909. The construction was financed mainly by state and county subsidies and the price of the former school building in Csíksomlyó. On 5 June 1911, Count Majláth Gusztáv Károly, Bishop of Transylvania, consecrated the new, modern building of the high school.
Two wings were built symmetrically to the grammar school, the right (south) wing housing the seminary and the left wing the dormitory. Between 1914 and 1916, part of the building was requisitioned and converted into a military hospital, and teaching was suspended during the 1916-1917 school year.
After the First World War, the elementary school moved into the building, as well as the teacher training school between 1923-31 and 1941-42.
The school was nationalised in 1948. The first measure was the dismantling of the school chapel and its conversion into a ceremonial hall. The chapel's three giant stained glass windows - depicting King St Stephen of Hungary, his son St Imre and Virgin Mary (patron saint of Hungary) - were removed. The marble plaques in the entrance hall and at the entrance to the dormitory, on which the names of the builders and the date of construction were engraved, were removed, together with the bust of Roman Catholic Bishop Majláth Gusztáv Károly. The school's famous library was sorted out and the books and journals were either locked up or destroyed. The school's associations, the Congregation of Mary and the scout troop were banned. From the 1960-1961 school year onwards, the school started to offer a Romanian-language section.
The building of the former Catholic grammar school is now home to two educational institutions: the state-run secondary school of Csíkszereda, the Márton Áron High School. On 25 May 1990, the school's naming ceremony took place, the most important Hungarian-language secondary school in Csíkszereda taking the name of its former student, Bishop Márton Áron.
Since 1991, the building has been home to the Roman Catholic High School of Mary Help of Christians, which took over the name of the Catholic grammar school from 1940-44.
In 2008, the new stained glass windows of the high school chapel were completed. The artists Nagy Ödön and Vorzsák Gyula created the new stained glass windows. The central stained glass window above the main entrance of the Márton Áron High School depicts Mary with Jesus in her arms. To the right is the figure of St Stephen of Hungary offering his crown to Mary, while the left window shows St Imre, the lily prince.
On 31 May 1997, a bust of the eponymous Bishop Márton Áron (1896-1980) was unveiled in front of the high school. On 24 June 1999, a bust of Count Majláth Gusztáv Károly, Bishop of Transylvania (1864-1940), the builder and benefactor of the school, was unveiled. Both statues are the work of Bodó Levente, a sculptor from Szentegyháza.
In the school foyer, ten marble plaques commemorate the memory of former teachers and students. On 25 May 1990, on the occasion of the naming ceremony, a plaque was unveiled in memory of Bishops Márton Áron and Majláth Gusztáv Károly, Gábor Áron (1814-1849), a hero and cannon founder of 1848, and Kájoni János (1629-1687), a Franciscan monk and polymath.
Former Roman Catholic Grammar School of Csíksomlyó
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orphanage / children's shelter
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Former Roman Catholic Grammar School of Csíksomlyó
History
The former school building was built between 1780 and 1782, today it is a children's home. It was the school of many prominent figures and several Catholic bishops, and for centuries it was one of the oldest and most important centres of Catholic education in Transylvania.
From its completion until 1911, it was the seat of the Roman Catholic Grammar School of Csíksomlyó, which then moved to Csíkszereda. In the vacant building, the Csík Private Properties ran an orphanage from 1913. During the years of communism it was a state orphanage, and in 2004 the Romanian state returned it to the Csík Private Properties. In 2008 the building was handed over for 99 years to the St. Francis Foundation of Déva, which established a dormitory for children and young people studying in Csíkszereda.
Elementary education already existed in the 16th century, next to the Franciscan monastery. The first authentic written document confirming the existence of a Franciscan grammar school dates from 1630.
The rebuilding of the school, which had been destroyed during the Turkish-Tatar invasion in 1661, was started by Father Damokos Kázmér.
The school was built with help from Rome and completed in 1669, under the abbot Father Kajoni János. At that time, the school had grammar and humanities classes, where Latin was taught, and besides the youth from Csík, students from Fogaras and Moldavia were also taught. In 1694 the school had 200 pupils.
By 1733 the new school building was built, east of the old one.
The monk teachers at Csíksomlyó wrote mainly mystery plays, religious theatre plays, which were performed by the students. The Pentecost celebrations in honour of Mary provided an excellent opportunity for this. The performances were presented on the open-air stage on the side of the Kissomlyó Hill after the procession. The Passion plays and the Good Friday mysteries were held on Holy Week. The heyday of the school plays of Csíksomlyó dates from 1720 to 1784.
In 1754, work began on a new school building, but this was abandoned for lack of funding and only resumed in 1780. Teaching began in the new school building in the autumn of 1781, and a pavilion for theatrical performances was built in connection with it. The foundation stone of the seminary to be built was laid in May 1781. On 6 January 1782 the finished building, which had one storey, was inaugurated.
In 1830, parallel to the expansion of the seminary, the idea of expanding the grammar school was raised. In 1834, Györfi Ferenc, the director of the grammar school and the head of the monastery, asked the Gubernium (Government of Transylvania) to expand the building of the grammar school at the same time as the new seminary was being built. His request was granted, and construction took place between spring 1837 and autumn 1838.
The 1848-49 Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence was also a turning point in the lives of the students of Csíksomlyó. Inspired by revolutionary ideals, the students smashed to pieces the two-headed eagle figures representing imperial power in Várdotfalva, Csobotfalva and Csíktaploca. In 1848 the school was requisitioned for military purposes.
It was only in 1851 that the school reopened, first for the elementary classes and in the monastery. The building, seized by the military, could only be gradually reclaimed with great difficulty.
In 1858, with the support of Bishop Haynald Lajos of Transylvania, music teacher Fr. Simon Jukundián founded a cantor and teacher training school in Csíksomlyó, of which he was the director for 25 years.
In 1873, thanks to the zeal of the headmaster, Imets Fülöp Jákó, the school was upgraded to an eight-form main grammar school.
In 1888, the building of the grammar school underwent a major renovation again, when the vacant seat of Csíkszék was purchased for the seminary. Thus, the south-eastern wing of the old building was extended by 14 metres. The grammar school moved to the converted wing. The north-western part was given to the teacher training institute.
Education for the 1889-90 school year began in the new building.
In 1911, the school moved to Csíkszereda, to the new, imposing Art Nouveau-style palace, the present-day Márton Áron Grammar School, built in accordance with the requirements of the time, after the Franciscans handed the school over to the diocese for maintenance. The secondary school moved to Csíkszereda functioned as a Roman Catholic grammar school until the nationalization in 1948.
Former Civil Girl's School of Csík County, Petőfi Sándor Primary School
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Former Civil Girl's School of Csík County, Petőfi Sándor Primary School
History
The first school year opened on 3 November 1880. The first building of the institution was the barracks of the Székely border guards (next to the Catholic Church), which was shut down after the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence. The present building was inaugurated on 31 August 1891 and the school has been operating in this building since the 1892 school year.
The construction costs were paid from the income of the Csík Private Properties.
In the summer of 1927, the Civil School for Girls was closed down and continued to operate as Petru Rareş Primary School. It was transformed into a mixed school for boys and girls, the language of instruction became Romanian. As a result of the Second Vienna Award, the school reverted to the name of Csíkszereda Civic Girls' School and the Hungarian language of instruction from the beginning of the 1940-41 school year.
In 1949, the communists shut down the school, and the Teacher Training Institute, founded in 1858, moved in from Csíksomlyó. The period 1949-1955 was the period of the Teacher Training Institute and its training school.
In 1955, the Teacher Training Institute was closed down and the institution continued to operate under the name of Elementary School No. 1 in Csíkszereda. In 1966, Romanian classes were gradually established at the elementary level, and in 1985, the Romanian section of the high school was also established.
The first consequence of the fall of communism in 1989 was the abolition of the mixed-language school, at the demand of Hungarian pupils, parents and teachers. The Hungarian-language Primary School No. 1 was re-established, and on 14 March 1990 it was renamed Petőfi Sándor Primary School.
Sapientia Transylvanian Hungarian University
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university / college
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university / college
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Sapientia Transylvanian Hungarian University
History
A private Hungarian-language university in Romania, founded in 2000. Its main sponsor is the Hungarian state. The university has campuses in Kolozsvár, Marosvásárhely and Csíkszereda. The central offices of the university, the Rector's Office and the Sapientia Foundation, which maintains the university - are located in the house where Prince Bocskai István of Transylvania was born in Kolozsvár.
Former Vigadó
Originally:
dancing / concert hall
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Former Vigadó
History
It was built in 1904 according to the plans of the architect Szász Róbert. It was equipped with electric lighting and central heating, according to the most modern requirements of the time. The lower floor was a café, the upper floor was used for entertaining and there was also a hotel in the building. However, due to poor workmanship, it had to be closed for an extended period in mid-January 1905. The building had serious heating and lighting problems. It was not until 1912 that a decision was taken to renovate the building, but the First World War thwarted the plans. In the second half of the 20th century it was converted into a cinema. Today it houses offices.
Monks' Bath
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Monks' Bath
History
In the area behind the Church of Csíksomlyó, the Franciscan Friars of Csíksomlyó used the water of the spring that sprang from the Franciscan's hayfield to form a pool and a private bath, which they called the "Brothers' Pool". Renovated in August 2006, the soda spring bath has been restored to its former name and location, and is now set in the beautifully landscaped pilgrimage garden.
Town infrastructure
Székely Museum of Csík
Muzeul Secuiesc al Ciucului
Originally:
castle / fortification
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Székely Museum of Csík
History
The museum was founded in 1930 by the Székely Museum Association of Csík: teacher Domokos Pál Péter, painter Nagy Imre and painter Vámszer Géza. The first exhibition was opened in 1931 in Pentecost, which was held in 13 rooms and included 130 ethnographic and fine art objects.
Socialist Town Centre
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Socialist Town Centre
History
It was built between 1970 and 1990 with the demolition of the old town centre.
Private buildings
Mikó Manor House
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mansion / manor house
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mansion / manor house
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Mikó Manor House
History
On the site of the present building stood the former mansion of the Mikó family, first mentioned in 1677. The present mansion was built in the early 19th century in the neoclassical-empire style. It was inherited from the Mikó family in 1916 by Baron Rudnyánszky Sándor, who died without heirs. The mansion then became the property of the State Treasury, and in 1929 it was acquired by the furniture manufacturer Nagy Galaci József from Gyimes, who, without touching the building, significantly transformed its surroundings by building a factory.
Nagy Imre Gallery and Memorial House
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Nagy Imre Gallery and Memorial House
History
Nagy Imre was a college teacher, he studied at the teacher training institute in Csíkszereda. After the First World War he worked as a sculptor, went to Budapest, where he studied drawing and painting, and then moved back home to Zsögöd in 1924. In the 1920s, he exhibited several times in Kolozsvár, Brassó, Marosvásárhely and Bucharest, and also had a solo exhibition in London. His works are preserved in museums throughout Transylvania.
Memorials
Statue of Domonkos Pál Péter
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statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
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Statue of Domonkos Pál Péter
History
Domokos Pál Péter (Várdotfalva, 28 June 1901 - Budapest, 19 February 1992) Hungarian teacher, historian, ethnographer, researcher of the history and culture of the Csángó people, winner of the Széchenyi Prize. He was the first to organise the Day of a Thousand Székely Girls in Csíksomlyó, an event that is still alive today.
Busts of the supporters of the grammar school
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statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
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In front of the entrance of the Márton Áron High School.
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Busts of the supporters of the grammar school
History
Mikó Bálint, ispán of Csík Count, was the chairman of the committee set up to build the grammar school, and he personally played a significant role in the establishment of this important educational institution in the county. In 1876 he was elected member of the Hungarian Parliament representing Csíkszereda. Between 1882 and 1905 he was the ispán of Csík County, and from 1883 he was the warden of the Csíksomlyó grammar school for 36 years.
Count Majláth Gustáv Károly, Bishop of Transylvania, was a strong supporter of the construction of the grammar school. He proposed that the new building of the Grammar School of Csíksomlyó should be built in the town (Csíkszereda). He supported the schools in Transylvania and distributed educational grants from his private fortune and clerical income. On 5 June 1911 he personally consecrated the institution.
Újfalusi Jenő (1878-1967) represented the town on the committee that built the grammar school. He was the mayor of Csíkszereda between 1902 and 1919, and is associated with numerous developments. He resigned after the Romanian occupation and left for Hungary.
The Transylvanian bishop Márton Áron, persecuted by the communists, is the school's eponym. Márton Áron, the future Bishop of Transylvania, was an outstanding student of the Roman Catholic Grammar School in Csíkszereda between 1911 and 1914.
Hockey Players
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statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
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Hockey Players
History
The statue of Tőrös Gábor, erected in 1978, is a reminder of the founders of European ice hockey - two Transylvanian Hungarian sportsmen (Czáka István and Vákár Lajos). It was Europe's first statue of a hockey player in 1975, preceded by statues in Russia, Sweden and Czechoslovakia. In 1923, Vákár Lajos (1910-1993) learned of the Canadian hockey from a movie clip. In January 1929, the first ice hockey club of the town of Csíkszereda was founded on the initiative of Vákár Lajos and his friends. Between 1929 and 1954 he was a player of the ice hockey team of Csíkszereda.
Bust of Apáczai Csere János
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statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
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Bust of Apáczai Csere János
History
The House of Teachers in Csíkszereda is named after the Transylvanian pedagogical writer (1625-1659), the pioneer of Hungarian culture and education, Apáczai Csere János.
Bust of Nagy Imre painter
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statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
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Bust of Nagy Imre painter
History
In 1997, a bust of the artist (1893-1976) made by his friend Vetró Artúr was erected. It stands in front of the primary school named after him.
Bust of Petőfi Sándor
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statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
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Bust of Petőfi Sándor
History
A bust of the Hungarian revolutionary poet was erected on 14 March 2000. Petőfi Sándor visited the town on 24 July 1849, a week before his death, and was very fond of the countryside. It stands in the courtyard in front of the school named after him.
Bust of General Gál Sándor
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statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
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Bust of General Gál Sándor
History
Gál Sándor was born in Csíkszentgyörgy in 1817. In 1848 he participated in the organisation of the National Guard. Together with Klapka György and Hajnik Károly, Prime Minister Batthyány Lajos sent him to Transylvania to mobilise the Székely army in support of the Hungarian government. He became Chief of Staff of the Székely army. After the Transylvanian commander-in-chief Puchner Antal had disobeyed the Hungarian government and pushed the Hungarian troops out of Transylvania, the Székely army was forced back to Háromszék. Gál Sándor was the organizer and commander of the Székely troops in the fighting in Háromszék. After the liberation of Székelyland, in January 1849, General Bem József promoted him to the rank of colonel and entrusted him with the further organisation of the Székely forces. On 4 February he was attacked by the Tsarist detachment and was defeated in the battle of Szászhermány.
By March, he had raised a regular corps of 10,000 men and took part in the summer campaign as commander of this unit, known as the Székelyland Division. On 19 and 20 June he took part in heavy fighting at the Tömösi Pass. On 2 July, Gál's Székely division attacked the Tsarist troops left behind to secure Székelyland between Kökös and Uzon. It was in this battle that the artillery commander of the Székely division, Gábor Áron, was killed. When the enemy entered Székelyland, he retreated with his troops to Csíkszereda. In mid-July, together with General Bem, who had arrived there, he launched a counterattack and on 23 July he fought a successful battle with the 15,000-strong Imperial corps near Sepsisentgyörgy. On 29 July he was promoted to general, but only later, in emigration, did he learn of this. He was decisively defeated by the Austro-Russian forces at the Battle of Nyergestető on 1 August. With this defeat, the whole of Székelyland fell into the hands of the enemy. With the rest of his army he joined Colonel Kazinczy's troops in Kolozsvár, but after Kazinczy surrendered at Zsibó on 24 August he hid for a while in the marshes around Szatmár, and then managed to escape abroad in the spring of 1850.
He was active in Hamburg and London, maintaining close contact with the revolutionaries forced into exile, then Kossuth Lajos sent him to Constantinople and entrusted him with the military leadership of the Transylvanian liberation movement. In November 1851 he appointed him commander-in-chief of the so-called Transylvanian liberation army. He took part in the preparation of the independence movement led by Makk József, Jubál Károly and May János.
Memorial to the Battle of Tolvajos-tető
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statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
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Memorial to the Battle of Tolvajos-tető
History
Next to the Chapel of St. John of Nepomuk is the memorial column of the Battle of Tolvajos-tető of 17 May 1567. The memorial was commissioned by Baron Henter Antal, royal judge of Udvarhelyszék, and brought to Csíksomlyó around 1870 by the Franciscan father Simon Jukundián.
In 1567, on the hill of Tolvajos-tető, the Székelys led by István, the parish priest of Gyergyóalfalva, defeated the army of John Sigismund on Pentecost Saturday and defended their Catholic Church in the Csík and Gyergyó basins. It is in honour of this event that the annual Pentecostal feast of Csíksomlyó is held.
Memorial to the Heroes of World War
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statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
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Memorial to the Heroes of World War
History
The monument was erected on 11 November 2016.
Memorial to the Hungarian Revolution in 1956
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statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
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Memorial to the Hungarian Revolution in 1956
History
The monument to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution was erected in 2007. It is the work of Ercsei Ferenc. The sculptor from Csíkszereda sculpted a proudly standing female figure, inspired by Márai Sándor's poem 'The Angel from Heaven'.
Statue of Bishop Márton Áron
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statue / memorial / relief
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statue / memorial / relief
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Statue of Bishop Márton Áron
History
On Pentecost Sunday 2016, the statue of Bishop Márton Áron (1896-1980) was unveiled. It depicts the bishop with a girl in Székely dress and her mother behind her during the rite of confirmation. It is the work of Sárpátki Zoltán. The monument also refers back to the dark communist times, when the bishop was not allowed to go on confirmation tours, and when he was allowed to go, it was a celebration of triumph for the Catholic Hungarians of Transylvania.
Museums and Galleries
Székely Museum of Csík
Muzeul Secuiesc al Ciucului
Originally:
castle / fortification
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Székely Museum of Csík
History
The museum was founded in 1930 by the Székely Museum Association of Csík: teacher Domokos Pál Péter, painter Nagy Imre and painter Vámszer Géza. The first exhibition was opened in 1931 in Pentecost, which was held in 13 rooms and included 130 ethnographic and fine art objects.
Nagy Imre Gallery and Memorial House
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Nagy Imre Gallery and Memorial House
History
Nagy Imre was a college teacher, he studied at the teacher training institute in Csíkszereda. After the First World War he worked as a sculptor, went to Budapest, where he studied drawing and painting, and then moved back home to Zsögöd in 1924. In the 1920s, he exhibited several times in Kolozsvár, Brassó, Marosvásárhely and Bucharest, and also had a solo exhibition in London. His works are preserved in museums throughout Transylvania.
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The Sz\u00e9kelys had equal rights with the nobles, owned their own land, paid mostly no taxes, and in return were obliged to go to war one by one to defend Hungary from foreign invasions. Prince Bethlen G\u00e1bor of Transylvania donated the town to the Sz\u00e9kely aristocrat Mik\u00f3 Ferenc of H\u00eddv\u00e9gi, who started the construction of the castle. Also in the first half of the 17th century, the Franciscan grammar school was founded in Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3. The castle, destroyed by the Turks, was restored by the Habsburgs after the defeat of the 1703-1711 Hungarian War of Independence, and served as a barracks for the imperial army. From 1764, it became the headquarters of the 1st Sz\u00e9kely Border Regiment, established by Empress Maria Theresa, whose command was established in the Mik\u00f3 Castle. In 1849, the Sz\u00e9kely troops played an important role in the liberation of Transylvania from imperial occupation. The town was traditionally the centre of Cs\u00edksz\u00e9k. In 1876, the Sz\u00e9kely seats were abolished during the modernisation of the public administration, and then it became the seat of Cs\u00edk County. In the early 20th century, the famous Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 Grammar School moved to the town. From 1952 to 1968, it was part of the Hungarian autonomous region created under Soviet pressure, which was then abolished by the Romanians. It then became the seat of Hargita County. It is still a Hungarian majority town. The Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 church is one of the largest pilgrimage sites for Hungarians, with hundreds of thousands of visitors to its famous Pentecostal feast every year. The town is also famous for its ice hockey team and beer production.","nameorigin":"","history":"#1|@#3|@11-13th centuries|The area was part of the scarcely inhabited borderland of Hungary during the reign of the House of \u00c1rp\u00e1d. It was full of man-made obstacles destined to prevent the enemy from breaking into Hungary.@11th century|Two castles were built opposite to each other on two hills south of the present day town. These were later called Kisv\u00e1r (Small Castle) and \u0150rv\u00e1r (Guard Castle), and were probably destroyed in the 16th century because of the Sz\u00e9kely uprisings. Between the two castles spanned the \u00d6rd\u00f6gv\u00f6lgy (Devil\u2019s Valley) as far as Cs\u00edkszentkir\u00e1ly. It was flooded with the water of the Olt River in case of hostile attack, in order to prevent the enemy from advancing towards Felcs\u00edk (Upper Cs\u00edk Basin).@around the early 12th century|Harom Castle was built as part of the castle system defending Transylvania from the east. The Sz\u00e9kelys were organized into special administrative units called seats (sz\u00e9k). They elected their leaders themselves, had equal rights with the nobles, owned their lands and were mostly exempt from taxation. In exchange for all these privileges, they were obliged to enlist as soldiers in the event of an external attack on Hungary.@#5|@#6|@first half of the 15th century|The settlement was probably founded at that time on the site of the fairs held on Wednesdays in the neighbourhood of the already existing villages of Somly\u00f3 (1333), Taploca and Zs\u00f6g\u00f6d (12-13. centuries), at the junction of roads leading from north to south and from east to west. The town\u2019s name comes from the Hungarian szerda word, meaning Wednesday.@1437|The three nations of Transylvania (the Hungarian nobility, the Sz\u00e9kelys and the Saxons) formed an alliance in K\u00e1polna (Union of K\u00e1polna). This union gained its true significance after 1570, when Transylvania became an independent principality due to the Turkish conquest of central Hungary. These three nations were represented in the Transylvanian Diet, and they elected the prince. Vlach migrants (mostly shepherds and peasants) were a small minority at the time and were excluded from the political power just like Hungarian peasants.@#8|@#9|@August 5, 1558|The settlement\u2019s present name was mentioned for the first time. The charter of privileges issued by Queen Isabella proves that Cs\u00edkszereda was an oppidum. The Queen, on behalf of her son John II, exempted the town\u2019s population from taxation except for the tribute payable to the Ottoman Empire. The first component of the town\u2019s name refers to the Sz\u00e9kely seat of Cs\u00edk, where it belonged to. According to a generally accepted opinion, it comes from an ancient Hungarian personal name, which is based on a Turkic noun meaning border. The second component of the town\u2019s name probably refers to the fairs held on Wednesdays (the Hungarian word szerda means Wednesday). The Romanian name of the town is a translation of the Hungarian name.@#10|@#12|@#13|@#14|@1611|Prince Bethlen G\u00e1bor of Transylvania donated the town to one of his loyal followers, the Sz\u00e9kely aristocrat H\u00eddv\u00e9gi Mik\u00f3 Ferenc. The prince allowed him to build a fortification as well. Cs\u00edkszereda suffered a setback in its status by having been placed under the authority of a landlord.@#15|@#16|@April 26, 1623|Count Mik\u00f3 Ferenc of H\u00eddv\u00e9g (1585\u20131635) started the construction of the castle that was named after him (Mik\u00f3 Castle). He was the adviser of Prince Bethlen G\u00e1bor of Transylvania, a diplomat, a chronicler and the captain of Cs\u00edk Seat. The castle was completed by the beginning of the 1630\u2019s.@from 1630|A Franciscan grammar school was established in Somly\u00f3, which is now part of Cs\u00edkszereda. The town is one of the religious centres of the Roman Catholic Church in Transylvania.@#17|@#18|@1649|The bootmakers\u2019 guild, the first guild of the town, was established.@November 4, 1649|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy of Transylvania granted a charter of privileges to the town.@17th century|The first guilds were established in the town.@1650, 1665, 1677, 1707|A general assembly of Cs\u00edk Seat was held in Cs\u00edkszereda.@1657|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Krak\u00f3w and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.@1658|The Tartars ravaged and plundered throughout Transylvania and Grand Vizier K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc Mehmed captured Jen\u0151 Castle. The Estates of Transylvania sent Barcsay \u00c1kos to the camp of the grand vizier to beg for mercy. In return, the Grand Vizier demanded that the annual tax be raised from 15 to 40 thousand forints (gold coins) and that Lugos and Karansebes be ceded. This was the price for the Turks to leave Transylvania. The grand vizier appointed Barcsay prince on 14 September.@1659|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II returned to Transylvania and forced Barcsay \u00c1kos to retreat to Szeben and besieged him.@May 22, 1660|In the battle of S\u00e1szfenes, Pasha Shejdi Ahmed of Buda defeated R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II, who lost his life. The Tatar armies invaded Transylvania for the second time.@November 1660|Kem\u00e9ny J\u00e1nos, the former commander of R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II, defeated the army of G\u00e1sp\u00e1r, the brother of Prince Barcsay Andr\u00e1s, at \u00d6rm\u00e9nyes. Barcsay G\u00e1sp\u00e1r fell in the battle. Then, on 31 December, Barcsay \u00c1kos renounced the throne. In 1661 Kem\u00e9ny J\u00e1nos had Barcsay \u00c1kos captured and murdered.@1661|The army of Pasha Seydi Ahmed of Buda marched into Transylvania, after the country assembly held in Beszterce on 23 April declared the independence of Transylvania from the Ottoman Empire and placed the country under the protection of Emperor Leopold I. On 14 September, Pasha Ali forced the country assembly to elect Apafi Mih\u00e1ly Prince of Transylvania in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely.@1661|Pasha Ali of Temesv\u00e1r raided Cs\u00edksz\u00e9k with his Turkish and Tatar army. The Mik\u00f3 Castle was also destroyed.@January 23, 1662|The deposed prince Kem\u00e9ny J\u00e1nos, having been abandoned by his imperial allies, was defeated by the Turks at Nagysz\u0151l\u0151s (near Segesv\u00e1r), where he fell.@from 1676|The famous printing press of K\u00e1joni J\u00e1nos operated in Somly.@#23|@#25|@#26|@#27|@1707|The assembly of Cs\u00edk Seat decided to send a joint envoy with H\u00e1romsz\u00e9k Seat to R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Ferenc II, the leader of the Hungarian war of independence against the Habsburgs. The development of the town was hindered by its geographical isolation, its status as a border guard station and the inheritance law of the Sz\u00e9kelys.@between 1714\u20131716|The Mik\u00f3 Castle gained its present form after a reconstruction carried out by the imperial general and military engineer Stephan von Steinville by order of King Charles III of Hungary (Emperor Charles VI), which is commemorated by an inscription above the gate of the entrance. It was the headquarters of the imperial troops of Cs\u00edk Seat, then it became the headquarters of the 1st Sz\u00e9kely Border Regiment in1764.@1751|The first primary school of the town was established. Birth registration was also introduced.@1758|The Roman Catholic church was constructed.@1763|Empress Maria Theresia reorganized the border guard. She set up three Sz\u00e9kely and two Vlach border regiments. They started the forced conscription of the Sz\u00e9kelys, who resisted in defence of their traditions and privileges. The imperial army led by Baron Siskovics J\u00f3zsef attacked M\u00e1d\u00e9falva, where the Sz\u00e9kely leaders had gathered, and massacred 200 Sz\u00e9kelys, including women and children, with savage cannon fire on 7 January 1764. This event is known in history as the 'Madefalva Massacre' or 'Madefalva Calamity'.@1764|The male inhabitants of the town were conscripted to the border regiment. The Mik\u00f3 Castle became the headquarters of the 1st Sz\u00e9kely Border Regiment.@#28|@April 5, 1848|The students of Somly\u00f3 demonstrated in favour of the Hungarian Revolution with the leadership of Gecz\u0151 J\u00e1nos. They tore down the signboards with the two headed eagle that were set up at the village entrances. The military arrested several students, but they were released after the victory of the revolution.@January 18, 1849|Colonel G\u00e1l S\u00e1ndor took over the command of the 1st Sz\u00e9kely Border Regiment in the Mik\u00f3 Castle. Generl Bem J\u00f3zsef appointed G\u00e1l S\u00e1ndor commander in chief of the Hungarian troops in Sz\u00e9kelyf\u00f6ld, who set up his headquarters in the Mik\u00f3 Castle. But first, he had to capture the castle held by the imperials, though it wasn\u2019t too difficult. As soon as he started to fire at the castle with two cannons, the imperial commander fled. The Sz\u00e9kely commander sent three battalions from Cs\u00edk Seat to the army of General Bem, which played an important role in the victory over the imperial army of General Anton Puchner at Pisk on 9 February and in capturing the town of Nagyszeben.@1849|The famous Hungarian revolutionary poet Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor visited the town. He wrote to his wife, Szendrey J\u00falia, that Cs\u00edkszereda and K\u00e9zdiv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely had a beautiful countryside. The first newspaper of the town, the Hadi Lap (Wartime Journal), was published in 1849 edited by Captain B\u00edr\u00f3 S\u00e1ndor.@after 1849|After the fall of the Hungarian War of Independence, the Mik\u00f3 Castle was turned into a prison, where many of its participants died.@1851|A hospital was established.@#30|@1870\u2019s|An agricultural school was established.@1876|Public administration was modernized and medieval structures were abolished in Hungary. The autonomy of the Sz\u00e9kelys was abolished and their traditional administrative units, the seats, were incorporated into the county system.@1876|The town became the seat of Cs\u00edk County. Previously it was the centre of Cs\u00edk Seat.@1880|A civil girl\u2019s school was established.@1884|The craftsmen of the neighbourhood established the Industrial Association of Cs\u00edk.@1888|A new hospital was built.@April 5, 1897|Railway reached the town. Small factories were established in the wood, light and machine industries. The Romfeld Brewery and later the G\u00e1l Brewery were established.@1898|The county hall was completed, which now functions as the town hall.@1905|The new building of the court of justice was completed.@1911|The building of the present day M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron High School was completed. The four hundred years old school was moved from Somly\u00f3 to the new building in Cs\u00edkszereda.@1911|The construction of the electrical network started.@#31|@1916|On 27 August, Romania declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and launched an attack against Hungary. This triggered a huge wave of refugees from Transylvania, as the population feared a repeat of the Romanian ethnic cleansing of 1848-49. The Romanians invaded most of Sz\u00e9kelyland. Austro-Hungarian and German forces drove the invaders out of the country by mid-October and occupied Bucharest on 6 December. Romania surrendered and signed a peace treaty with the central powers on 7 May 1918 (Treaty of Bucharest).@1916|The Romanian army broke into the town and burned most of the houses. The town was liberated by the Hungarian army in October the same year.@1918|On 3 November, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy signed the Armistice of Padua. The already defeated Romania then declared war on Germany on 10 November, just one day before the Germans signed the armistice near Compi\u00e8gne. The Romanians then launched an offensive against Hungary, which had already unconditionally ceased fighting at the demand of the Entente. Romania was only recognised by the Entente powers as one of the victors of WWI only later.@#32|@November 26, 1918|The Romanian army invaded the town.@December, 1918|In Kolozsv\u00e1r, on the initiative of retired Lieutenant General Luk\u00e1cs B\u00e9la, the Sz\u00e9kely Division was created to defend against the Romanian troops invading Transylvania. It was the only well-equipped, combat-ready Hungarian military force to fight against the Romanian conquerors. At its peak it numbered about 12,000. In Hungary, the political power was usurped by the pro-Entente left-wing government of K\u00e1rolyi Mih\u00e1ly, which let down the Sz\u00e9kely Division and disbanded the Hungarian military. The communists, to whom K\u00e1rolyi Mih\u00e1ly conceded the power, were also hostile towards the Sz\u00e9kely Division. Later most of its soldiers took part in the North Campaign that temporarily liberated a significant part of northern Hungary from the Czech invaders.@from 1918|By 1922, 197,000 Hungarians were forced to leave the Romanian-occupied part of the country. By 1939 a further 169,000 Hungarians had left Transylvania, mostly aristocrats, intellectuals and a significant number of farmers. Most of them moved to Hungary. Before the Romanian invasion, 1,662,000 Hungarians lived in Transylvania, 32 percent of the population.@#36|@1920|Zs\u00f6g\u00f6d was attached to the town.@#39|@September 11, 1940|The Hungarian army marched into the liberated town under the command of Vit\u00e9z Heszl\u00e9nyi J\u00f3zsef.@autumn, 1944|The Romanian paramilitary organization called Maniu Guard committed a series of murders and robberies among the Hungarian population of Transylvania under the guise of partisan actions. In September and October, they murdered 200 innocent civilians. The members of the Maniu Guard and the Romanian gendarmes interned thousands of Hungarians in death camps. From Maros-Torda County alone, 4000 Hungarians, including 450 children, were deported to Barcaf\u00f6ldv\u00e1r (near Brass\u00f3) and other camps (e.g. Tagru Jiu) only from Maros-Torda County. Most of them perished there as a result of cruel treatment. The Barcaf\u00f6ldv\u00e1r internment camp was shut down on 29 October 1945, at which time only 90 people were still alive.@September 11, 1944|The Soviet horde invaded the town. The Romanian paramilitary organization called the Maniu Guard arrived in the town behind the Soviet invaders. They collected 150 Hungarian citizens, whose execution was only prevented by the Soviet commander of the town.@November 12, 1944|Soviet General Vinogradov banned the Romanian authorities from Northern Transylvania because of the genocide committed by the Maniu Guard. The Romanian authorities were allowed to return after the formation of the Petru Groza government on 6 March 1945.@#43|@September 21, 1952|Soviet pressure led to the creation of the Hungarian Autonomous Province, which included most of Sz\u00e9kelyland and was based in Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely.@1959|Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 and Cs\u00edktaploca were attached to the town.@1960|The Hungarian Autonomous Province was mutilated by detaching H\u00e1romsz\u00e9k and renamed Maros-Hungarian Autonomous Province.@1968|The Maros-Hungarian Autonomous Province was completely abolished. 800,000 Romanians were settled in Transylvania from Moldavia, but many also came from Wallachia. The aim was to Romanianize the still majorly Hungarian towns and to break up the ethnic Hungarian blocks. In Sz\u00e9kelyf\u00f6ld, Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely was the most successfully Romanianized.@1968|The pseudo-communist leadership of Romanian abolished the Maros-Hungarian Autonomous Region. They created the counties of Kov\u00e1szna, Maros and Hargita instead. Cs\u00edkszereda became the seat of the newly created Hargita County.@after 1968|The forced industrialization started, and Romanian migrants were moved to the town. The wood, the light and the machine industries were the most important besides the brewery.@1970|The ice rink was built. The town is famous for its Hungarian ice hockey team.@1980s|The Sz\u00e9kely county centres were classified as closed towns where only Romanians were allowed to settle.@2002|7.2 million people lived in Transylvania, including 1.42 million Hungarians. There were 1.65 million Hungarians out of 5.2 million in 1910. The proportion of the Romanians increased from 53.78% to 74.69%, while the proportion of the Hungarians decreased from 31.64% to 19.6%. The proportion of the Germans dropped from 10.75% to below 1%. These changes were mainly the results of migration and the persecution of Hungarians and Saxons. Transylvania here refers to the entire territory that once belonged to Hungary, which is much larger than historical Transylvania.@May, 2009|There was a protest in the town against the anti-Hungarian policy of the Boc government and against the firing of Hungarian officials. Mark\u00f3 B\u00e9la and T\u0151k\u00e9s L\u00e1szl\u00f3 also participated in the demonstration.&harghita.ro: Cs\u00edkszereda|https:\/\/harghita.ro\/hun\/6\/61\/6101csikszereda.html\nkonfliktuskutato.hu: Erd\u00e9ly, 1944 \u0151sze: rom\u00e1n atrocit\u00e1sok a magyarok ellen|http:\/\/konfliktuskutato.hu\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=319:erdely-1944-sze-roman-atrocitasok-a-magyarok-ellen&catid=39:dka-hatter&Itemid=203"},"castles":[{"castleId":139,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"Muzeul Secuiesc al Ciucului","settlement_HU":"Cs\u00edkszereda","settlement_LO":"Miercurea Ciuc","address":"Pia\u021ba Cet\u0103\u021bii 2","listorder":13,"gps_lat":"46.3558250000","gps_long":"25.8020860000","oldcounty":42,"country":4,"division":24,"cond":1,"entrance":1,"varaklink":"https:\/\/varak.hu\/latnivalo\/index\/1352-Csikszereda-Mikovar\/","homepage":"https:\/\/www.csikimuzeum.ro\/","openinghours":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Hektor894, CC BY-SA 3.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Mik%C3%B3_v%C3%A1r_Cs%C3%ADkszereda.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Mik\u00f3 v\u00e1r Cs\u00edkszereda\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/23\/Mik%C3%B3_v%C3%A1r_Cs%C3%ADkszereda.jpg\/512px-Mik%C3%B3_v%C3%A1r_Cs%C3%ADkszereda.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Mik%C3%B3_v%C3%A1r_Cs%C3%ADkszereda.jpg\u0022\u003EHektor894\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Mik\u00f3 Castle, Sz\u00e9kely Museum of Cs\u00edk","seolink":"miko-castle-szekely-museum-of-csik-muzeul-secuiesc-al-ciucului","georegion":"Cs\u00edk Basin","description":"","nameorigin":"","history":"#1|@#3|@#5|@#8|@#9|@#10|@1611|Prince Bethlen G\u00e1bor of Transylvania donated the town to one of his loyal followers, the Sz\u00e9kely aristocrat Mik\u00f3 Ferenc of H\u00eddv\u00e9g. The prince allowed him to build a fortification as well. Cs\u00edkszereda suffered a setback in its status by having been placed under the authority of a landlord. Mik\u00f3 Ferenc of H\u00eddv\u00e9g was the member of the Princely Council from 1622 and also the treasurer of Transylvania. He led the mission to William, Elector of Brandenburg, to ask for the hand of his younger sister Catherine for Prince Bethlen G\u00e1bor of Transylvania. He was also the peace emissary of Bethlen in Pozsony in 1626. He convinced Emperor Ferdinand II to recognize R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy I as Prince of Transylvania after the death of Bethlen G\u00e1bor.@#15|@#16|@between 1623 \u2013 1631|Count Mik\u00f3 Ferenc of H\u00eddv\u00e9g (1585\u20131635) constructed of the Renaissance castle that was named after him (Mik\u00f3 Castle). Its corners were reinforced with bastions.@1635|Mik\u00f3 Ferenc died, the castle was inherited by his son, J\u00f3zsef. He also died in 1636, and left the castle on his widow, Macsk\u00e1si Ilona.@1636|Macsk\u00e1si Ilona married Damokos Tam\u00e1s, royal judge of Cs\u00edk Seat.@#17|@#18|@1657|Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania launched a campaign for the crown of Poland in alliance with Carl X Gustaf of Sweden. His aim was to unite the Hungarian-Polish-Wallachian forces against the Turks. The campaign started successfully with the prince taking Krak\u00f3w and Warsawa, but then the King of Sweden abandoned him. The vengeful Poles invaded northern Transylvania, burning defenceless villages, destroying churches and castles. Soon the punitive campaign of Turkish and Tatar armies devastated Transylvania, as the prince launched his Polish campaign against the Sultan's will.@1657|Damokos Tam\u00e1s was captured by the Tatars during the campaign of Prince R\u00e1k\u00f3czi Gy\u00f6rgy II of Transylvania for the Polish crown. He was held captive for 13 years. In the meantime, the estate was managed by Apor Istv\u00e1n, the guardian of his underage child. Barcsai G\u00e1sp\u00e1r captured Apor Istv\u00e1n and locked him up in G\u00f6rg\u00e9ny Castle. The Mik\u00f3 Castle fell in the hands of K\u00e1lnoki Mih\u00e1ly, whose arbitrariness enraged the Sz\u00e9kelys, who attacked the castle and captured him. After that, the estate of Cs\u00edkszereda was acquired by Mik\u00f3 G\u00e1bor and his sisters.@1661|Pasha Ali of Temesv\u00e1r ravaged Sz\u00e9kelyland and occupied and damaged the Mik\u00f3 Castle seriously.@1670|Damokos Tam\u00e1s returned home from the Tatar captivity, but he found only the ruins of his former castle. The castle was not restored until 1714.@#23|@#25|@#26|@#27|@1714|The general and military engineer Count Steinville restored the castle along with other Transylvanian fortifications by order of King Charles III of Hungary (Emperor Charles VI). It functioned as a barracks for the imperial military until 1764.@between 1714\u20131716|The Mik\u00f3 Castle gained its present form after a reconstruction carried out by the imperial general and military engineer Stephan von Steinville by order of King Charles III of Hungary (Emperor Charles VI), which is commemorated by an inscription above the gate of the entrance. It was the headquarters of the imperial troops of Cs\u00edk Seat, then it became the headquarters of the 1st Sz\u00e9kely Border Regiment in1764.@1763|Empress Maria Theresia reorganized the border guard. She set up three Sz\u00e9kely and two Vlach border regiments. They started the forced conscription of the Sz\u00e9kelys, who resisted in defence of their traditions and privileges. The imperial army led by Baron Siskovics J\u00f3zsef attacked M\u00e1d\u00e9falva, where the Sz\u00e9kely leaders had gathered, and massacred 200 Sz\u00e9kelys, including women and children, with savage cannon fire on 7 January 1764. This event is known in history as the 'Madefalva Massacre' or 'Madefalva Calamity'.@1764|The male inhabitants of the town were conscripted to the border regiment. The Mik\u00f3 Castle became the headquarters and barracks of the 1st Sz\u00e9kely Infantry Border Regiment.@#28|@January 18, 1849|Colonel G\u00e1l S\u00e1ndor took over the command of the 1st Sz\u00e9kely Border Regiment in the Mik\u00f3 Castle. General Bem J\u00f3zsef appointed G\u00e1l S\u00e1ndor commander in chief of the Hungarian troops in Sz\u00e9kelyland, who set up his headquarters in the Mik\u00f3 Castle. But first, he had to capture the castle held by the imperials, though it wasn\u2019t too difficult. As soon as he started to fire at the castle with two cannons, the imperial commander fled. The Sz\u00e9kely commander sent three battalions from Cs\u00edk Seat to the army of General Bem, which played an important role in the victory over the imperial army of General Anton Puchner at Pisk on 9 February and in capturing the town of Nagyszeben. The castle continued to function as barracks long after the Hungarian War of Independence. Then a sugar warehouse and a school was housed within its walls.@after 1849|After the fall of the Hungarian War of Independence, the Mik\u00f3 Castle was turned into a prison, where many of its participants died.@1970|The castle was restored. The castle hosts the exhibitions of the Sz\u00e9kely Museum of Cs\u00edk.&studhist.blog.hu: Cs\u00edkszeredai Mik\u00f3-v\u00e1r|https:\/\/studhist.blog.hu\/2019\/07\/30\/csikszeredai_miko-var\nharghita.ro: Cs\u00edkszereda|https:\/\/harghita.ro\/hun\/6\/61\/6101csikszereda.html"},{"castleId":140,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","settlement_HU":"Cs\u00edkszereda","settlement_LO":"Miercurea Ciuc","address":"","listorder":100,"gps_lat":"46.3724400000","gps_long":"25.8421120000","oldcounty":42,"country":4,"division":24,"cond":7,"entrance":2,"varaklink":"https:\/\/varak.hu\/latnivalo\/index\/2684-Csikszereda-NagySomlyo-hegy-Sovar\/","homepage":"","openinghours":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022VTV\u00e1rkonyi Tibor, CC BY-SA 2.5 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.5\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3_nyereg.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 nyereg\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d3\/Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3_nyereg.jpg\/512px-Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3_nyereg.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3_nyereg.jpg\u0022\u003EVTV\u00e1rkonyi Tibor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.5\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 2.5\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"S\u00f3v\u00e1r Castle","seolink":"csikszereda-sovar-castle","georegion":"Nagy-Somly\u00f3 Hill, Cs\u00edk Mountains","description":"","nameorigin":"","history":"#1|@#3|@12th century|The castle was probably built to control the salt road leading towards Moldova along the valley of Hossz\u00faasz\u00f3. Its name S\u00f3v\u00e1r means Salt Castle. It stood on top of the 1033 metres high Nagy-Somly\u00f3 Hill (Great Somly\u00f3 Hill).@#5|@1241|The castle was probably destroyed during the Mongol invasion. Its stones were used for the construction of the fortified Franciscan monastery in the 14th century.&"}],"sights":[{"sightId":2193,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Sz\u00e9k \u00fat 148","mapdata":"2|544|1105","gps_lat":"46.3786779291","gps_long":"25.8251736792","religion":1,"oldtype":"9","newtype":"9","homepage":"http:\/\/www.csiksomlyo.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Ferences-templom-es-kolostor-Csiksomlyo-1069","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=309","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Derzsi Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_Kegytemplom_-_2013.06.19_(4).JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3i Kegytemplom - 2013.06.19 (4)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_Kegytemplom_-_2013.06.19_%284%29.JPG\/512px-Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_Kegytemplom_-_2013.06.19_%284%29.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_Kegytemplom_-_2013.06.19_(4).JPG\u0022\u003EDerzsi Elekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Church of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary and Franciscan Monastery in Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3","seolink":"church-of-the-intercession-of-the-virgin-mary-and-franciscan-monastery-in-csiksomlyo","note":"","history":"It is one of the most important pilgrimage sites and cultural and historical monuments of Hungary.@\nThe Franciscan monks settled here in the 15th century, and between 1442 and 1448 they built the first Gothic church and the small Gothic monastery. Hunyadi J\u00e1nos also contributed to the construction of the church from the spoils of his victory over the Turks. The church was consecrated in honour of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which is still the church's feast day (2 July in Hungary). It is called 'Sarl\u00f3s Boldogasszony' in Hungarian (Blessed Lady of the Sickle), as 2 July was the beginning of the harvest. The church and monastery were surrounded by a strong stone wall, where the people of the area fled in the following centuries during enemy invasions.@\nIn 1661, the Turks set the church and the monastery on fire, and the people who fled here were partly killed and partly taken prisoner. The victims were buried in a mass grave in front of the church. In 1664, with the prince's permission, the abbot Damokos K\u00e1zm\u00e9r started a nationwide collection and the church was restored with the donations he had collected. At this time, the statue of Mary, which had escaped the fire, was placed on the main altar. Previously it had been part of a separate side altar dedicated to Mary.@\nIn 1694, a Tatar army attacked Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3, but the monastery's students, with the help of the people, repelled them. The buildings were repaired and enlarged several times in the 17th and 18th centuries, but by 1802 the church had become too small and it was decided to build a new one.@\nConstruction of the new Baroque church began in 1804, according to the plans of architect Konstantin Schmidt. Construction proceeded slowly, with the blessing of the sacristy and sanctuary on 21 November 1813, but the church was still far from complete. The towers were completed in 1830. The copper statue of Mary on the facade was made in 1837 by Rothenbacher, a master goldsmith from Brass\u00f3. The church was consecrated by the Bishop Fogarasy Mih\u00e1ly of Transylvania on 20 August 1876.@\nIn 1948 Pope Pius XII elevated it to the rank of basilica minor.@\nThe statue of the Virgin Mary with the baby Jesus is the most precious part of the church. Carved in lime wood, it was probably made in the Renaissance style between 1515 and 1520. With its 2.27 m hight it is the largest of the world's miraculous statues, but its creator is unknown. It depicts a woman dressed in the sun, with the crescent moon at her feet, a wreath of 12 stars around her head, a crown on her head, a sceptre in her right hand and the Saviour in her left. This statue is the centre of Marian pilgrimages, where pilgrims pay homage, kiss her feet, caress her, and touch her with their votive objects. The statue survived the great Turkish attack and fire of 1661. Legend has it that the Turkish leader, seeing its value, wanted to take it, but the statue became so heavy that they could not move it with eight pairs of oxen. Seeing this, he wounded the statue's face and neck with his sword, the marks of which can still be seen today.@\nThe church was largely decorated by Papp Mikl\u00f3s, a painter and sculptor from Brass\u00f3.@\nThe high altar was only completed in 1876. The choir was built in 1831 by Papp Mikl\u00f3s and Pfeiffer Antal, a master craftsman from Gyergy\u00f3szentmikl\u00f3s. The stained glass windows were made in 1905 in Bohemia. The statues of the Hungarian saint kings, St Stephen and St L\u00e1szl\u00f3, on either side of the miraculous statue were made in 1905 in the workshop of Jozef Runggaldier in Gr\u00f6den, Tyrol. The statues of St Anthony and St Joseph were made by V\u00e1g\u00f3 G\u00e1bor in 1938.@\nThe organ was built in 1931 by the organ factory of Wegenstein Lip\u00f3t and Sons in Temesv\u00e1r, and with its 2824 pipes it is one of the most beautiful organs in Transylvania. The crypt under the church was built in 1732 and extended in 1838, when the church was built.@\nThe pulpit was made by Papp Mikl\u00f3s in 1835.@\nAmong the altars, the altarpiece of St. Francis was painted in 1838 by Cs\u0171r\u00f6s J\u00f3zsef, a painter from Kolozsv\u00e1r. The altar of St. Anne was painted by Papp Mikl\u00f3s in 1839, as well as the altar of St. John the Baptist in 1840. The altar of St. Anne shows St. Apollonia above and the Nativity of Jesus below. The altar of St John the Baptist has St Sarah above and St Mary Magdalene below. The present picture of the altar of St. Anthony was painted in 1931 by the painter Szopos S\u00e1ndor from Kolozsv\u00e1r, after the original picture was given to the chapel in S\u00f3falva. The upper picture, depicting St Bonaventure, was painted by Papp Mikl\u00f3s. The picture of the altar of St. Elizabeth was painted in 1938, after the original picture of St. Ignatius of Loyola was brought to the choir. The upper St. Juliana and the lower (The Last Supper) picture are also by Papp Mikl\u00f3s. The altar of St. John of Nepomuk was erected in 1835, with St. Elizabeth's Visitation on the top and St. Wendelin of Trier on the bottom. The painter of the altar of St Margaret of Cortona is unknown.@\nThe monastery of Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 was built in the 15th century together with the Gothic church. From the very beginning, the Franciscans educated children in the area, first at a basic level and then at a higher level. The first mention of the grammar school of Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 dates back to 1630. After the Turkish invasion in 1661, the monks restored the church and the monastery, and in 1667 they re-founded the grammar school. The Franciscans also founded a printing press in 1675, which became one of the most important distributors of Transylvanian culture until the end of the 19th century. It was the only Catholic printing house in Transylvania until 1727, when the Jesuit Academy in Kolozsv\u00e1r founded its printing press. The most important founder was the highly educated monk Father K\u00e1joni J\u00e1nos, whose first Latin-Hungarian hymnal was published here in 1676. The monastery library was one of the richest ecclesiastical collections in Transylvania. In the 17th century, a paintor's workshop was also located next to the monastery. The monastery also houses the Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 calendar stone, which dates back to the Bronze Age.@\nThe grammar school had its heyday in the 18th century. In 1720 the St. Anthony of Padua Society began its activities, and from 1730 the St. Mary Society. A boarding seminary was established thanks to the donation of Luk\u00e1cs Mih\u00e1ly, dean of Cs\u00edk. In 1858 Father Simon Jukundi\u00e1n founded a school for cantors and teachers. In 1911 the Franciscans handed the grammar school over to the diocese, when it moved to the present-day M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron Lyceum building, where it functioned as a Catholic grammar school until 1948."},{"sightId":2194,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"Biserica \u00cen\u0103l\u021barea Sfintei Cruci","address":"Strada Kossuth Lajos 38","mapdata":"1|565|750","gps_lat":"46.3617318088","gps_long":"25.7971325699","religion":1,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"http:\/\/csikszeredaszentkereszt.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022No machine-readable author provided. Csan\u00e1dy assumed (based on copyright claims)., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cs%C3%ADkszereda_Szent_Kereszt_templom.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Cs\u00edkszereda Szent Kereszt templom\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9f\/Cs%C3%ADkszereda_Szent_Kereszt_templom.jpg\/256px-Cs%C3%ADkszereda_Szent_Kereszt_templom.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cs%C3%ADkszereda_Szent_Kereszt_templom.jpg\u0022\u003ENo machine-readable author provided. Csan\u00e1dy assumed (based on copyright claims).\u003C\/a\u003E, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Holy Cross Roman Catholic Parish Church ","seolink":"holy-cross-roman-catholic-parish-church","note":"","history":"The church was built in the Baroque style between 1751 and 1758. It was consecrated in honour of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross in 1784. In 1771, the chapel of St John of Nepomuk was built on the north wall of the church.@\nThe first documentary mention of Cs\u00edkszereda dates back to 1558, when it was already mentioned as a town, \u0022oppidum Cs\u00edk Szereda\u0022, so the settlement must be much older. In the Middle Ages, the Catholics of Cs\u00edkszereda did not have their own church, they belonged to the St. Peter parish in Csobotfalva. It is probable that the locals used the chapel of Mik\u00f3 Castle as a place of worship until 1751, when the independent parish was established.@\nThe church was completely surrounded by a defensive wall. In the fire of 1916, the parish and the archives burnt down. At the beginning of the 20th century, the population of the town was, with few exceptions, Roman Catholic, and it had only Catholic church and Catholic parish.@\nAt the end of the 19th century, when Cs\u00edkszereda became the seat of the county, the town started to develop more rapidly, but the church could no longer meet the needs of the growing settlement. By the beginning of the 20th century, plans for a new church had been drawn up, and the funds for its construction had been raised by 1914. But before work could begin, the First World War broke out and everything was lost.@\nIn the fire of 1916 the parish, the bell-ringer's and the cantor's dwelling burnt down. In the difficult circumstances after the war, reconstruction was only possible in 1928, thanks to a donation from Bishop Count Majl\u00e1th K\u00e1roly Guszt\u00e1v and others.@\nIn 1945, the bell-ringer's dwelling behind the church was demolished.@\nIn 1981, the communists wanted to take the garden next to the church to open up a street, but the archdeacon-parish priest had a plank church built on it next to the existing church because of the large number of worshippers. More than 5,000 worshippers gathered for the holy mass of the confirmation, so that the service could only be held in the churchyard.@\nThe new, larger church (Millennium Church) was started in 2001 and was completed in 2003 as a result of the persistent work of Darvas-Kozma J\u00f3zsef, the dean-parish priest, based on the plans of Makovecz Imre. The new church was consecrated on 18 October 2003 by Archbishop Jakubinyi Gy\u00f6rgy and Bishop Tam\u00e1s J\u00f3zsef in honour of the Assumption and the Hungarian saints. After the construction of the new church, the plank church was moved to Sz\u00e9cseny at the foot of the Hargita Mountain. On 6 September, it was consecrated by Bishop Tam\u00e1s J\u00f3zsef in honour of St. Kinga of the House of \u00c1rp\u00e1d."},{"sightId":2195,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"","mapdata":"1|565|705","gps_lat":"46.3622488076","gps_long":"25.7971351995","religion":1,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"http:\/\/csikszeredaszentkereszt.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022HarrisonT\u00f3th Ildik\u00f3, CC BY-SA 2.5 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.5>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cs%C3%ADkszereda_Makovecz_templom.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Cs\u00edkszereda Makovecz templom\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/44\/Cs%C3%ADkszereda_Makovecz_templom.JPG\/512px-Cs%C3%ADkszereda_Makovecz_templom.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cs%C3%ADkszereda_Makovecz_templom.JPG\u0022\u003EHarrisonT\u00f3th Ildik\u00f3\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.5\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 2.5\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Millennium Church","seolink":"millennium-church","note":"","history":"The church was built in 2003, based on the plans of Makovecz Imre, and consecrated on 18 October 2003, in honour of the Assumption and the Hungarian saints, by Archbishop Jakubinyi Gy\u00f6rgy and Bishop Tam\u00e1s J\u00f3zsef. The parish priest Darvas-Kozma J\u00f3zsef came up with the idea of the Millennium Church.@\nThe statue of the Resurrection behind the altar is the work of the sculptor Nagy \u00d6d\u00f6n from Cs\u00edkszereda. In the middle of the basement stands the statue of the Lady of the Hungarians, made in Fatima. In the basement is the chapel of Blessed Father Mayer Rupert. Its sanctuary is decorated with three frescoes by local painter M\u00e1rton \u00c1rp\u00e1d. The fresco on the left depicts King St Stephen and Gisela, whose marriage in 996 bonded the fate of the Hungarian people to Western Christianity. The composition of Blessed Mayer Rupert (1876 - 1945) is a reference to this western link. The third picture shows Bishop M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron, a prominent figure of Transylvanian Hungarians. Two 18th-century torsos are placed on the wall of the nave. Both were \u0022wounded\u0022 in September 1944. On the left is the half-burnt Christ of Ajn\u00e1d, on the right is a statue of St John of Nepomuk from the Church of the Holy Cross."},{"sightId":2196,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3, K\u00e1joni J\u00e1nos u. 53","mapdata":"2|1279|154","gps_lat":"46.3843733713","gps_long":"25.8316038710","religion":1,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Szent_P%C3%A9ter_%C3%A9s_P%C3%A1l-pl%C3%A9b%C3%A1niatemplom_(Csobotfalva)","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Christo, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Erd%C3%A9ly,_Cs%C3%ADkszereda_6.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Erd\u00e9ly, Cs\u00edkszereda 6\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ee\/Erd%C3%A9ly%2C_Cs%C3%ADkszereda_6.jpg\/512px-Erd%C3%A9ly%2C_Cs%C3%ADkszereda_6.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Erd%C3%A9ly,_Cs%C3%ADkszereda_6.jpg\u0022\u003EChristo\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"St. Peter and Paul Roman Catholic Parish Church","seolink":"st-peter-and-paul-roman-catholic-parish-church","note":"","history":"On the site of the present parish church of St Peter and St Paul, there was a church built during the reign of the House of \u00c1rp\u00e1d, which was already listed in the papal tithe registers of 1333 and 1334. The church was rebuilt in the Gothic style in the 15th century. The date 1680 on the church tower indicates the date of repair and extension. A related date is 1681, when Archbishop Vitus Pilutius of Marianopolis consecrated two new side altars to the Virgin Mary and St Stephen of Hungary. The Gothic church was demolished because of its dilapidated state and small size. Between 1795 and 1805 a new church was built using the stones of the old church at the expense of the parish. In 1823 the tower was also raised.\n&\nwikipedia: Szent P\u00e9ter \u00e9s P\u00e1l-pl\u00e9b\u00e1niatemplom (Csobotfalva)|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Szent_P%C3%A9ter_%C3%A9s_P%C3%A1l-pl%C3%A9b%C3%A1niatemplom_(Csobotfalva)"},{"sightId":2197,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"Biserica Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae","address":"Pia\u021ba Cet\u0103\u021bii","mapdata":"1|921|1176","gps_lat":"46.3567283874","gps_long":"25.8032679593","religion":5,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"https:\/\/www.crestinortodox.ro\/biserici-manastiri\/catedrala-miercurea-ciuc-67805.html","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Andrei Stroe, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_HR_Miercurea_Ciuc_Orthodox_cathedral.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO HR Miercurea Ciuc Orthodox cathedral\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/33\/RO_HR_Miercurea_Ciuc_Orthodox_cathedral.jpg\/512px-RO_HR_Miercurea_Ciuc_Orthodox_cathedral.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_HR_Miercurea_Ciuc_Orthodox_cathedral.jpg\u0022\u003EAndrei Stroe\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"St. Nicholas Orthodox (Former Greek Catholic) Church","seolink":"st-nicholas-orthodox-former-greek-catholic-church","note":"","history":"The Orthodox church was built in the neo-Byzantine style after the Romanian occupation between 1929 and 1935."},{"sightId":2198,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3, Kissomly\u00f3-hegy","mapdata":"2|1460|1307","gps_lat":"46.3775708201","gps_long":"25.8331106185","religion":1,"oldtype":"2","newtype":"2","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Szalvator-kapolna-Csiksomlyo-177","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=242","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Nicu Farca\u0219, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_HR_Capela_Sumuleu_Ciuc.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022RO HR Capela Sumuleu Ciuc\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/bc\/RO_HR_Capela_Sumuleu_Ciuc.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:RO_HR_Capela_Sumuleu_Ciuc.jpg\u0022\u003ENicu Farca\u0219\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Salvator Chapel","seolink":"salvator-chapel","note":"","history":"One of the three chapels on the Kissomly\u00f3 Hill. The exact date of construction of the oldest chapel is unknown. Its name comes from the abbreviation of the Latin Transfiguratio Salvatoris. According to tradition, on 8 August 1456, the day of the Saviour's transfiguration, the army of Hunyadi J\u00e1nos defeated the besieging Turkish army at Belgrade with the name of the Salvator on their lips. The chapel was therefore built to commemorate the triumph of N\u00e1ndorfeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r (Belgrade), probably in the second half of the 15th century. After the Tatar invasion of 1661, the special wooden barrel vault of 16 coffers was made with the support of the captain of H\u00e1romsz\u00e9k, Mikes Kelemen and his wife K\u00e1lnoki Zsuzsanna, whose coat of arms and initials appear on it.@\nThe high altar was made in 1679, from the vow of Haller J\u00e1nos's wife, Kornis Katalin. It depicts Christ holding the cross in the centre, and on the sides are St Paul the Apostle and St Catherine. The south side altarpiece was made in 1673 thanks to Petki Katalin, and has a panel depicting Ecce Homo. The north side altar shows the Virgin of Loreto in a queenly dress with the baby Jesus in her arms. The Salvator Chapel was consecrated in 1680 by Archbishop Vitus Pilutius of Marianopolis in honour of the Transfiguration of the Lord. The chapel was rebuilt in 1780 by Countess Gyulai, and the present stone lobby was erected in 1877-1878 to replace the earlier wooden structure. The altarpiece of the sanctuary was painted in 1879.@\nOnce surrounded by a stone wall, its guard lived in the nearby hermitage.@\nThe stone cross in front of the door was erected in 1876 by the parishioners of Gyergy\u00f3alfalva in commemoration of the 1567 victory.@\nIn 1567, on the hill of Tolvajos-tet\u0151, the Sz\u00e9kelys led by Istv\u00e1n, the parish priest of Gyergy\u00f3alfalva, defeated the army of John Sigismund on Pentecost Saturday and defended their Catholic Church in the Cs\u00edk and Gyergy\u00f3 basins. It is in honour of this event that the annual Pentecostal feast of Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 is held.@\nThe steep path from the bottom of the hill to the chapel of Salvator is known as the Pass of Jesus, which is prayed over during pilgrimages. Along the way there are several old crosses and station crosses.\n&\nwikipedia: Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3i Salvator-k\u00e1polna|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_Salvator-k%C3%A1polna"},{"sightId":2199,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3, Kissomly\u00f3-hegy","mapdata":"2|1157|1563","gps_lat":"46.3760609944","gps_long":"25.8305773145","religion":0,"oldtype":"2","newtype":"2","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Szent-Antal-kapolna-Csiksomlyo-785","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=295","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Szabi237, CC BY 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Szent_Antal_k%C3%A1polna2.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Szent Antal k\u00e1polna2\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/60\/Szent_Antal_k%C3%A1polna2.JPG\/512px-Szent_Antal_k%C3%A1polna2.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Szent_Antal_k%C3%A1polna2.JPG\u0022\u003ESzabi237\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"St. Anthony of Padua Chapel","seolink":"st-anthony-of-padua-chapel","note":"","history":"One of the three chapels on the Kissomly\u00f3 Hill. It was built between 1750 and 1773 at the expense of Haller Krisztina of Hallerk\u0151 on the site of an earlier 17th century chapel in Baroque style. Its altarpiece depicts Saint Anthony of Padua.@\nThe history of the former small chapel dates back to the Turkish-Tatar raids of 1661. During the cruel massacre on St. Ursula's Day, 21 October, the pagans looted the church and burnt the monastery. Of the twelve monks, the Tartars killed four, took four away, and only four escaped. According to Leonard Losteiner, a former historian of the order, the Franciscan friar M\u00e1rk Jakab from Hossz\u00faasz\u00f3 fled from the danger to the blackthorn bushes on the southern side of Mount Kissomly\u00f3 and hid there to watch the destruction of the church and monastery. In the agony of mortal fear, he appealed to St. Anthony for help, and promised St. Anthony that if he escape from the danger, he would build a chapel with his own hands on the spot where he was hiding. Keeping his vow, in 1673, he built the former chapel of St. Anthony. In contrast, the inscription on the brick found when the chapel was rebuilt in 1775 reads \u0022Johannes Mark Ao. 1673.\u0022, which indicates that the builder's name was M\u00e1rk J\u00e1nos and not M\u00e1rk Jakab.@\nAfter the students of the Roman Catholic Grammar School of Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 became aware of the miraculous story of the chapel's origins, they began to consider the place particularly sacred. From 1720 onwards, they chose Saint Anthony of Padua as their patron saint. The veneration of St. Anthony of Padua began to spread among the population and more and more people made pilgrimages to the chapel for the devotions of the nine Tuesdays. This consisted of nine consecutive masses on Tuesdays before the feast of St. Anthony. Between 1749 and 1750, a new sanctuary was built for the old chapel.@\nCountess Haller Karolina of Hallerk\u0151, the wife of Count Gyulai Ferenc, cavalry general, was much grieved by the loss of her only daughter and worried about the illness of her son, while she was also tormented by earaches. Once, waking from a deep sleep, a Franciscan appeared before him and said the following:@\n@\n\u0022if you want to save your son from death and rid yourself of the earache, see to the repair of the chapel in Transylvania where nine days devotions are held.\u0022@\n@\nThe unexpected recovery of her son convinced the Countess of the reality of the vision. She learned about the nine days devotions at the Chapel of St. Anthony in Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 from the Franciscan Father P\u00e9terffi Korn\u00e9l and in gratitude offered 600 forints for the construction. Father T\u00f3th Sebesty\u00e9n, the chapel's caretaker, used the money to enlarge the chapel and build the nave. In the course of this work, between 1773 and 1775, the chapel took its present form. In 1776, it was consecrated by B\u0151r\u00f6d Istv\u00e1n, Archdeacon of the district of Felcs\u00edk, Canon of Gyulafeherv\u00e1r. The statue of Saint Anthony was carved in 1942.\n&\nwikipedia: Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3i Szent Antal-k\u00e1polna|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_Szent_Antal-k%C3%A1polna"},{"sightId":2200,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3","mapdata":"2|478|1225","gps_lat":"46.3780387535","gps_long":"25.8247550187","religion":1,"oldtype":"2","newtype":"2","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"St. John of Nepomuk Chapel","seolink":"st-john-of-nepomuk-chapel","note":"","history":"The chapel was built in 1838 at the expense of Cs\u00edksz\u00e9k. The Franciscans used to welcome pilgrims to the Pentecostal feast at the chapel built into the fence wall, the pulpit of the facade served this purpose. \n&\nwikipedia: Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3i Nepomuki Szent J\u00e1nos-k\u00e1polna|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_Nepomuki_Szent_J%C3%A1nos-k%C3%A1polna"},{"sightId":2201,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3, Kissomly\u00f3-hegy","mapdata":"2|1490|1283","gps_lat":"46.3779068220","gps_long":"25.8336091334","religion":1,"oldtype":"2","newtype":"2","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Szenvedo-kapolna-Csiksomlyo-461","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Christo, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Erd%C3%A9ly,_Cs%C3%ADkszereda,_Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_b%C3%BAcs%C3%BA,_2017,_105.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Erd\u00e9ly, Cs\u00edkszereda, Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3i b\u00facs\u00fa, 2017, 105\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/02\/Erd%C3%A9ly%2C_Cs%C3%ADkszereda%2C_Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_b%C3%BAcs%C3%BA%2C_2017%2C_105.jpg\/512px-Erd%C3%A9ly%2C_Cs%C3%ADkszereda%2C_Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_b%C3%BAcs%C3%BA%2C_2017%2C_105.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Erd%C3%A9ly,_Cs%C3%ADkszereda,_Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_b%C3%BAcs%C3%BA,_2017,_105.jpg\u0022\u003EChristo\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Passion of Jesus Chapel","seolink":"passion-of-jesus-chapel","note":"","history":"One of the three chapels on the Kissomly\u00f3 Hill. It is actually a niche with a very beautiful statue of the kneeling Jesus tied to the pillar, made in 1810. Nearby, the Pentecostal pilgrims await the sunrise.\n&\nwikipedia: Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3i Szenved\u0151 J\u00e9zus-k\u00e1polna|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_Szenved%C5%91_J%C3%A9zus-k%C3%A1polna"},{"sightId":2202,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3, Kissomly\u00f3-hegy","mapdata":"2|994|1613","gps_lat":"46.3757667793","gps_long":"25.8291134387","religion":1,"oldtype":"2","newtype":"2","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Szabi237, CC BY 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_holy_crown%27s_imitation.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022The holy crown's imitation\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e8\/The_holy_crown%27s_imitation.JPG\/512px-The_holy_crown%27s_imitation.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_holy_crown%27s_imitation.JPG\u0022\u003ESzabi237\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Holy Crown of Hungary Chapel","seolink":"holy-crown-of-hungary-chapel","note":"","history":""},{"sightId":2203,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3, Kissomly\u00f3-hegy","mapdata":"2|887|1333","gps_lat":"46.3773848371","gps_long":"25.8282047537","religion":0,"oldtype":"95","newtype":"95","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Derzsi Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bar%C3%A1tok_fered%C5%91je,_Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3_-_2013.06.19_(2).JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Bar\u00e1tok fered\u0151je, Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 - 2013.06.19 (2)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/60\/Bar%C3%A1tok_fered%C5%91je%2C_Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3_-_2013.06.19_%282%29.JPG\/512px-Bar%C3%A1tok_fered%C5%91je%2C_Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3_-_2013.06.19_%282%29.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bar%C3%A1tok_fered%C5%91je,_Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3_-_2013.06.19_(2).JPG\u0022\u003EDerzsi Elekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Monks' Bath","seolink":"monks-bath","note":"","history":"In the area behind the Church of Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3, the Franciscan Friars of Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 used the water of the spring that sprang from the Franciscan's hayfield to form a pool and a private bath, which they called the \u0022Brothers' Pool\u0022. Renovated in August 2006, the soda spring bath has been restored to its former name and location, and is now set in the beautifully landscaped pilgrimage garden.\n&\nwikipedia: Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3i Bar\u00e1tok f\u00fcrd\u0151je|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_Bar%C3%A1tok_f%C3%BCrd%C5%91je"},{"sightId":2204,"townId":82,"active":2,"name_LO":"M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron Gimn\u00e1zium, Seg\u00edt\u0151 M\u00e1ria R\u00f3mai Katolikus Gimn\u00e1zium","address":"Strada M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron 80","mapdata":"1|1124|256","gps_lat":"46.3675975877","gps_long":"25.8067054959","religion":0,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"74","homepage":"http:\/\/www.mag.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Marton-Aron-Gimnazium-Csikszereda--1070","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=308","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Thaler Tamas, CC BY-SA 4.0 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_M%C3%A1rton_%C3%81ron_Gimn%C3%A1zium.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3i M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron Gimn\u00e1zium\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d2\/Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_M%C3%A1rton_%C3%81ron_Gimn%C3%A1zium.jpg\/512px-Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_M%C3%A1rton_%C3%81ron_Gimn%C3%A1zium.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_M%C3%A1rton_%C3%81ron_Gimn%C3%A1zium.jpg\u0022\u003EThaler Tamas\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 4.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Roman Catholic Grammar School, M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron and Seg\u00edt\u0151 M\u00e1ria Roman Catholic High Schools","seolink":"former-roman-catholic-grammar-school-marton-aron-and-segito-maria-roman-catholic-high-schools","note":"","history":"The school was built between 1909 and 1911 in the Art Nouveau style. The former Roman Catholic High School has borne the name of its famous pupil, Bishop M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron, since 1990.@\nThe predecessor of the present school was the Roman Catholic Grammar School of Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3, founded by Franciscan monks in the mid-17th century. More recently, researchers have dated the beginnings of school education in Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 to the end of the 16th century, based on circumstantial evidence, but there are written documents from the first half of the 17th century, from 1626, about the reorganisation of the school. The grammar school operated in Cs\u00edksomlyo until 1911.@\nIn 1900, at a meeting chaired by Count Majl\u00e1th Guszt\u00e1v K\u00e1roly, Bishop of Transylvania, it was decided to move the grammar school to Cs\u00edkszereda. The architect Alp\u00e1r Ign\u00e1c was commissioned to prepare the first design and budget for the new building. The final plans were prepared by P\u00e1pai S\u00e1ndor, technical adviser and engineer. The foundation stone was laid in 1909. The construction was financed mainly by state and county subsidies and the price of the former school building in Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3. On 5 June 1911, Count Majl\u00e1th Guszt\u00e1v K\u00e1roly, Bishop of Transylvania, consecrated the new, modern building of the high school.@\nTwo wings were built symmetrically to the grammar school, the right (south) wing housing the seminary and the left wing the dormitory. Between 1914 and 1916, part of the building was requisitioned and converted into a military hospital, and teaching was suspended during the 1916-1917 school year.@\nAfter the First World War, the elementary school moved into the building, as well as the teacher training school between 1923-31 and 1941-42.@\nThe school was nationalised in 1948. The first measure was the dismantling of the school chapel and its conversion into a ceremonial hall. The chapel's three giant stained glass windows - depicting King St Stephen of Hungary, his son St Imre and Virgin Mary (patron saint of Hungary) - were removed. The marble plaques in the entrance hall and at the entrance to the dormitory, on which the names of the builders and the date of construction were engraved, were removed, together with the bust of Roman Catholic Bishop Majl\u00e1th Guszt\u00e1v K\u00e1roly. The school's famous library was sorted out and the books and journals were either locked up or destroyed. The school's associations, the Congregation of Mary and the scout troop were banned. From the 1960-1961 school year onwards, the school started to offer a Romanian-language section.@\nThe building of the former Catholic grammar school is now home to two educational institutions: the state-run secondary school of Cs\u00edkszereda, the M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron High School. On 25 May 1990, the school's naming ceremony took place, the most important Hungarian-language secondary school in Cs\u00edkszereda taking the name of its former student, Bishop M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron.@\nSince 1991, the building has been home to the Roman Catholic High School of Mary Help of Christians, which took over the name of the Catholic grammar school from 1940-44.@\nIn 2008, the new stained glass windows of the high school chapel were completed. The artists Nagy \u00d6d\u00f6n and Vorzs\u00e1k Gyula created the new stained glass windows. The central stained glass window above the main entrance of the M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron High School depicts Mary with Jesus in her arms. To the right is the figure of St Stephen of Hungary offering his crown to Mary, while the left window shows St Imre, the lily prince.@\nOn 31 May 1997, a bust of the eponymous Bishop M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron (1896-1980) was unveiled in front of the high school. On 24 June 1999, a bust of Count Majl\u00e1th Guszt\u00e1v K\u00e1roly, Bishop of Transylvania (1864-1940), the builder and benefactor of the school, was unveiled. Both statues are the work of Bod\u00f3 Levente, a sculptor from Szentegyh\u00e1za.@\nIn the school foyer, ten marble plaques commemorate the memory of former teachers and students. On 25 May 1990, on the occasion of the naming ceremony, a plaque was unveiled in memory of Bishops M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron and Majl\u00e1th Guszt\u00e1v K\u00e1roly, G\u00e1bor \u00c1ron (1814-1849), a hero and cannon founder of 1848, and K\u00e1joni J\u00e1nos (1629-1687), a Franciscan monk and polymath.\n&\nwikipedia: M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron F\u0151gimn\u00e1zium|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C3%A1rton_%C3%81ron_F%C5%91gimn%C3%A1zium"},{"sightId":2205,"townId":82,"active":2,"name_LO":"","address":"Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3, Sz\u00e9k \u00fatja 152","mapdata":"2|804|1009","gps_lat":"46.3793380110","gps_long":"25.8274383764","religion":1,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"86","homepage":"https:\/\/szentferencalapitvany.org\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Regi-katolikus-gimnazium--Szent-Istvan-Kollegium--Csiksomlyo-3087","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Kelemen KatalinUser:Kjmk, CC BY-SA 2.5 \u003Chttps:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.5\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_Gimn%C3%A1zium_%C3%A9p%C3%BClete.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3i Gimn\u00e1zium \u00e9p\u00fclete\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5d\/Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_Gimn%C3%A1zium_%C3%A9p%C3%BClete.jpg\/512px-Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_Gimn%C3%A1zium_%C3%A9p%C3%BClete.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_Gimn%C3%A1zium_%C3%A9p%C3%BClete.jpg\u0022\u003EKelemen KatalinUser:Kjmk\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.5\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 2.5\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Roman Catholic Grammar School of Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3","seolink":"former-roman-catholic-grammar-school-of-csiksomlyo","note":"","history":"The former school building was built between 1780 and 1782, today it is a children's home. It was the school of many prominent figures and several Catholic bishops, and for centuries it was one of the oldest and most important centres of Catholic education in Transylvania.@\nFrom its completion until 1911, it was the seat of the Roman Catholic Grammar School of Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3, which then moved to Cs\u00edkszereda. In the vacant building, the Cs\u00edk Private Properties ran an orphanage from 1913. During the years of communism it was a state orphanage, and in 2004 the Romanian state returned it to the Cs\u00edk Private Properties. In 2008 the building was handed over for 99 years to the St. Francis Foundation of D\u00e9va, which established a dormitory for children and young people studying in Cs\u00edkszereda.@\nElementary education already existed in the 16th century, next to the Franciscan monastery. The first authentic written document confirming the existence of a Franciscan grammar school dates from 1630.@\nThe rebuilding of the school, which had been destroyed during the Turkish-Tatar invasion in 1661, was started by Father Damokos K\u00e1zm\u00e9r.@\nThe school was built with help from Rome and completed in 1669, under the abbot Father Kajoni J\u00e1nos. At that time, the school had grammar and humanities classes, where Latin was taught, and besides the youth from Cs\u00edk, students from Fogaras and Moldavia were also taught. In 1694 the school had 200 pupils.@\nBy 1733 the new school building was built, east of the old one.@\nThe monk teachers at Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 wrote mainly mystery plays, religious theatre plays, which were performed by the students. The Pentecost celebrations in honour of Mary provided an excellent opportunity for this. The performances were presented on the open-air stage on the side of the Kissomly\u00f3 Hill after the procession. The Passion plays and the Good Friday mysteries were held on Holy Week. The heyday of the school plays of Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 dates from 1720 to 1784.@\nIn 1754, work began on a new school building, but this was abandoned for lack of funding and only resumed in 1780. Teaching began in the new school building in the autumn of 1781, and a pavilion for theatrical performances was built in connection with it. The foundation stone of the seminary to be built was laid in May 1781. On 6 January 1782 the finished building, which had one storey, was inaugurated.@\nIn 1830, parallel to the expansion of the seminary, the idea of expanding the grammar school was raised. In 1834, Gy\u00f6rfi Ferenc, the director of the grammar school and the head of the monastery, asked the Gubernium (Government of Transylvania) to expand the building of the grammar school at the same time as the new seminary was being built. His request was granted, and construction took place between spring 1837 and autumn 1838.@\nThe 1848-49 Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence was also a turning point in the lives of the students of Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3. Inspired by revolutionary ideals, the students smashed to pieces the two-headed eagle figures representing imperial power in V\u00e1rdotfalva, Csobotfalva and Cs\u00edktaploca. In 1848 the school was requisitioned for military purposes.@\nIt was only in 1851 that the school reopened, first for the elementary classes and in the monastery. The building, seized by the military, could only be gradually reclaimed with great difficulty.@\nIn 1858, with the support of Bishop Haynald Lajos of Transylvania, music teacher Fr. Simon Jukundi\u00e1n founded a cantor and teacher training school in Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3, of which he was the director for 25 years.@\nIn 1873, thanks to the zeal of the headmaster, Imets F\u00fcl\u00f6p J\u00e1k\u00f3, the school was upgraded to an eight-form main grammar school.@\nIn 1888, the building of the grammar school underwent a major renovation again, when the vacant seat of Cs\u00edksz\u00e9k was purchased for the seminary. Thus, the south-eastern wing of the old building was extended by 14 metres. The grammar school moved to the converted wing. The north-western part was given to the teacher training institute.@\nEducation for the 1889-90 school year began in the new building.@\nIn 1911, the school moved to Cs\u00edkszereda, to the new, imposing Art Nouveau-style palace, the present-day M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron Grammar School, built in accordance with the requirements of the time, after the Franciscans handed the school over to the diocese for maintenance. The secondary school moved to Cs\u00edkszereda functioned as a Roman Catholic grammar school until the nationalization in 1948.\n&\nwikipedia: Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3i R\u00f3mai Katolikus Gimn\u00e1zium|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cs%C3%ADksomly%C3%B3i_R%C3%B3mai_Katolikus_Gimn%C3%A1zium"},{"sightId":2206,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"Prim\u0103ria","address":"Pia\u021ba Cet\u0103\u021bii 1","mapdata":"1|964|1233","gps_lat":"46.3560017349","gps_long":"25.8039011040","religion":0,"oldtype":"11","newtype":"12","homepage":"http:\/\/www.szereda.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Varoshaza--egykori-varmegyehaza--Csikszereda-1837","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=409","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Szabi237, CC BY 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:V%C3%A1rosh%C3%A1za.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022V\u00e1rosh\u00e1za\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/54\/V%C3%A1rosh%C3%A1za.JPG\/512px-V%C3%A1rosh%C3%A1za.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:V%C3%A1rosh%C3%A1za.JPG\u0022\u003ESzabi237\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former County Hall, Town Hall","seolink":"former-county-hall-town-hall","note":"","history":"The former country hall was built between 1886-1887, based on the plans of H\u00e1m Ign\u00e1c, in an eclectic neo-Renaissance style.After 1878, with the establishment of the county system, Cs\u00edkszereda became the centre of Cs\u00edk County. At that time the movement for the construction of the new country hall in Cs\u00edkszereda was launched, the main promoter of which was the isp\u00e1n Mik\u00f3 Mih\u00e1ly. The seat of the county moved from Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 in 1879, first to the Mik\u00f3 Castle, and soon the construction of the new county hall began. Between 1913 and 1914 the old building was enlarged, the facade was proportionally extended both to the south and to the north. It was then given its Nobaroque appearance.@\nIn the 1970s, the leadership in the fast-growing town wanted a new headquarters in line with socialist expectations. The new county hall is the seat of the present day Hargita county administration. After its construction, the municipal administration was housed in the former county hall building."},{"sightId":2207,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor 38.","mapdata":"1|1021|1053","gps_lat":"46.3581947597","gps_long":"25.8049513768","religion":0,"oldtype":"92","newtype":"53","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Vigado-Csikszereda-2291","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=443","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Former Vigad\u00f3","seolink":"former-vigado","note":"","history":"It was built in 1904 according to the plans of the architect Sz\u00e1sz R\u00f3bert. It was equipped with electric lighting and central heating, according to the most modern requirements of the time. The lower floor was a caf\u00e9, the upper floor was used for entertaining and there was also a hotel in the building. However, due to poor workmanship, it had to be closed for an extended period in mid-January 1905. The building had serious heating and lighting problems. It was not until 1912 that a decision was taken to renovate the building, but the First World War thwarted the plans. In the second half of the 20th century it was converted into a cinema. Today it houses offices."},{"sightId":2208,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"Spitalul Jude\u021bean Sec\u021bia ORL","address":"Strada Sz\u00e1sz Endre 6","mapdata":"1|947|1330","gps_lat":"46.3549251324","gps_long":"25.8037375691","religion":0,"oldtype":"17,18","newtype":"17","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Hektor894, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Igazs%C3%A1g%C5%B1gyi_palota_2014.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Igazs\u00e1g\u0171gyi palota 2014\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/43\/Igazs%C3%A1g%C5%B1gyi_palota_2014.JPG\/512px-Igazs%C3%A1g%C5%B1gyi_palota_2014.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Igazs%C3%A1g%C5%B1gyi_palota_2014.JPG\u0022\u003EHektor894\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Palace of Justice","seolink":"palace-of-justice","note":"","history":"The court moved into the new seat in 1905. The plans for the Palace of Justice and the prison were drawn up in 1903 by the architect Wagner Gyula, one of the specialists in building courts and prisons of the turn of the century.\n&\nwelcometoromania.eu: Cs\u00edkszereda, Igazs\u00e1g\u00fcgyi palota|https:\/\/www.welcometoromania.eu\/Miercurea_Ciuc\/Miercurea_Ciuc_Palatul_Justitiei_m.htm"},{"sightId":2209,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"Spitalul Jude\u021bean Sec\u021bia ORL","address":"Strada Sz\u00e1sz Endre 5","mapdata":"1|984|1318","gps_lat":"46.3550126602","gps_long":"25.8043063454","religion":0,"oldtype":"20","newtype":"71","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Andrei kokelburg, CC BY-SA 3.0 RO <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Miercurea_Ciuc_Fosta_cazarma.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Miercurea Ciuc Fosta cazarma\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/71\/Miercurea_Ciuc_Fosta_cazarma.JPG\/512px-Miercurea_Ciuc_Fosta_cazarma.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Miercurea_Ciuc_Fosta_cazarma.JPG\u0022\u003EAndrei kokelburg\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/ro\/deed.en\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0 RO\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Headquarters of the Sz\u00e9kely Border Regiment","seolink":"former-headquarters-of-the-szekely-border-regiment","note":"","history":"It was built in 1786 and was the headquarters of the officers of the 1st Sz\u00e9kely Border Regiment until the beginning of the 19th century. After the establishment of Cs\u00edk County in 1887, the court, which was separated from the administration, moved here from Csiksomly\u00f3. Between 1904 and 1921 it was used as a furniture factory, then for a while as a private residence. In 1942 it was enlarged and a maternity ward was opened with the financing of the Cs\u00edki Mag\u00e1njavak (Cs\u00edk Private Properties, a joint estate). At present it houses the otolaryngology department of the county hospital.\n&\nwelcometoromania.eu: Cs\u00edkszereda, Sz\u00e9kely Hat\u00e1r\u0151rezred sz\u00e9khelye|https:\/\/www.welcometoromania.eu\/Miercurea_Ciuc\/Miercurea_Ciuc_Regimentul_de_graniceri_m.htm"},{"sightId":2210,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"Muzeul Secuiesc al Ciucului","address":"Pia\u021ba Cet\u0103\u021bii 2","mapdata":"1|866|1245","gps_lat":"46.3560401444","gps_long":"25.8021778541","religion":0,"oldtype":"22","newtype":"98","homepage":"https:\/\/www.csikimuzeum.ro\/","openinghours":"https:\/\/www.csikimuzeum.ro\/infos.php?l=hu","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"https:\/\/lexikon.adatbank.transindex.ro\/muemlek.php?id=257","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Derzsi Elekes Andor, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:H%C3%ADdv%C3%A9gi_Mik%C3%B3_Ferenc_-_2013.06.19_(2).JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022H\u00eddv\u00e9gi Mik\u00f3 Ferenc - 2013.06.19 (2)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/81\/H%C3%ADdv%C3%A9gi_Mik%C3%B3_Ferenc_-_2013.06.19_%282%29.JPG\/512px-H%C3%ADdv%C3%A9gi_Mik%C3%B3_Ferenc_-_2013.06.19_%282%29.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:H%C3%ADdv%C3%A9gi_Mik%C3%B3_Ferenc_-_2013.06.19_(2).JPG\u0022\u003EDerzsi Elekes Andor\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Sz\u00e9kely Museum of Cs\u00edk","seolink":"szekely-museum-of-csik","note":"In the castle.","history":"The museum was founded in 1930 by the Sz\u00e9kely Museum Association of Cs\u00edk: teacher Domokos P\u00e1l P\u00e9ter, painter Nagy Imre and painter V\u00e1mszer G\u00e9za. The first exhibition was opened in 1931 in Pentecost, which was held in 13 rooms and included 130 ethnographic and fine art objects."},{"sightId":2211,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"Spitalul Infectios din Sumuleu","address":"Sz\u00e9k \u00fatja 146","mapdata":"2|385|1229","gps_lat":"46.3779726582","gps_long":"25.8239301837","religion":0,"oldtype":"16","newtype":"71","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Szabi237, CC BY 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_Cs%C3%ADk_seat_office.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022The Cs\u00edk seat office\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ef\/The_Cs%C3%ADk_seat_office.JPG\/512px-The_Cs%C3%ADk_seat_office.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_Cs%C3%ADk_seat_office.JPG\u0022\u003ESzabi237\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Seat of the Sz\u00e9kely Seat of Cs\u00edk","seolink":"former-seat-of-the-szekely-seat-of-csik","note":"","history":"Next to the monastery stands the former seat of Cs\u00edk, Gyergy\u00f3 and K\u00e1szon seats, built between 1828 and 1841. Seats (sz\u00e9k) were the traditional administrative units of the Sz\u00e9kely people until county system was extended over Sz\u00e9kelyland as well. The building now houses a pulmonary sanatorium and hospital.@\nIt was built on the model of the monastery, with a corridor on the facade facing the inner courtyard similar to the cloisters of monasteries. The multifunctional building has been modified several times.@\nUntil the end of the 18th century, Cs\u00edksz\u00e9k had no permanent administrative centre, so the assemblies of the Sz\u00e9kelys were held at the residence of the royal judges (f\u0151kir\u00e1lyb\u00edr\u00f3). In accordance with the laws demanding the establishment of a permanent seat, the site of the new seat was designated on 21 May 1810 in Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3, on the land opposite the Franciscan monastery. The foundation stone of the building was laid in 1828. The administrative, military and judicial centre of Cs\u00edksz\u00e9k was completed in 1841 under royal judge Bal\u00e1zsi J\u00f3zsef.@\nBetween 1841 and 1878, the building was used as the headquarters of Cs\u00edk, Gyergy\u00f3 and K\u00e1szon seats, as it was originally intended.@\nAfter the abolition of the Sz\u00e9kely seats and the establishment of the county system, the seat was moved to Cs\u00edkszereda. Initially, only the judiciary, separated from the administration, then in 1878 the seat of the administration was moved to Cs\u00edkszereda.@\nIn 1888, the vacant building was purchased for the Roman Catholic Grammar School of Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3, where the dormitory of the school and the Roman Catholic Teacher Training Institute of Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 were located. In 1911, after the relocation of the grammar school to Cs\u00edkszereda, the public building was taken over by the Teacher Training Institute.@\nAfter the nationalization in 1920, the teacher training institute moved to Cs\u00edkszereda, and in 1922 the diocese moved the school and its dormitory to the northern wing of the grammar school. From 1922 onwards, a weaving mill operated in the building, and later private apartments were built in it. In 1930, the building of the former headquarters of Cs\u00edksz\u00e9k became the seat of the Sz\u00e9kely Museum of Cs\u00edk.@\nIn 1937, the Baron J\u00f3sika Fund became the owner, and the \u0022Salvator\u0022 Medical Centre of the Transylvanian Catholic Women's Association, the maternity ward was established in the multifunctional building. The collection of the Sz\u00e9kely Museum of Cs\u00edk was still kept there.@\nAfter the Teacher Training Institute was moved out of the grammar school building, the \u0022Salvator\u0022 Medical Centre moved to the old court building, and the Teacher Training Institute returned to the former seat of Cs\u00edksz\u00e9k.@\nIn 1940 the Hungarian state took over the school, and the building was subsequently renovated and extended. Between 1942 and 1949, the Roman Catholic Teacher Training Institute of Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 was located in this building. In 1949, the building was nationalized and the Infectious Diseases Hospital was housed in the building. The building, which is owned by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gyulafeh\u00e9rv\u00e1r, is now the infectious diseases ward of the County Hospital.\n&\nwikipedia: Cs\u00edksz\u00e9k egykori sz\u00e9kh\u00e1za|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cs%C3%ADksz%C3%A9k_egykori_sz%C3%A9kh%C3%A1za"},{"sightId":2212,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Cs\u00edkzs\u00f6g\u00f6d, Zs\u00f6g\u00f6di Nagy Imre \u00fat 175","mapdata":"3|772|677","gps_lat":"46.3398599227","gps_long":"25.8075931990","religion":0,"oldtype":"53","newtype":"99","homepage":"https:\/\/www.csikimuzeum.ro\/nagyimre.php?l=hu","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Nagy Imre Gallery and Memorial House","seolink":"nagy-imre-gallery-and-memorial-house","note":"","history":"Nagy Imre was a college teacher, he studied at the teacher training institute in Cs\u00edkszereda. After the First World War he worked as a sculptor, went to Budapest, where he studied drawing and painting, and then moved back home to Zs\u00f6g\u00f6d in 1924. In the 1920s, he exhibited several times in Kolozsv\u00e1r, Brass\u00f3, Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely and Bucharest, and also had a solo exhibition in London. His works are preserved in museums throughout Transylvania."},{"sightId":2213,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Libert\u0103\u021bii","mapdata":"1|848|788","gps_lat":"46.3613906031","gps_long":"25.8023789461","religion":0,"oldtype":"29","newtype":"29","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Hektor894, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:A_megyeh%C3%A1za.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022A megyeh\u00e1za\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2b\/A_megyeh%C3%A1za.JPG\/512px-A_megyeh%C3%A1za.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:A_megyeh%C3%A1za.JPG\u0022\u003EHektor894\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Socialist Town Centre","seolink":"socialist-town-centre","note":"","history":"It was built between 1970 and 1990 with the demolition of the old town centre."},{"sightId":2214,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pia\u021ba Libert\u0103\u021bii 1","mapdata":"1|857|864","gps_lat":"46.3603346888","gps_long":"25.8019472455","religion":0,"oldtype":"75","newtype":"75","homepage":"http:\/\/www.sapientia.ro\/hu","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022SAPIENTIA, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:SAPIENTIA_Csikszereda.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022SAPIENTIA Csikszereda\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/63\/SAPIENTIA_Csikszereda.jpg\/512px-SAPIENTIA_Csikszereda.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:SAPIENTIA_Csikszereda.jpg\u0022\u003ESAPIENTIA\u003C\/a\u003E, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Sapientia Transylvanian Hungarian University","seolink":"sapientia-transylvanian-hungarian-university","note":"","history":"A private Hungarian-language university in Romania, founded in 2000. Its main sponsor is the Hungarian state. The university has campuses in Kolozsv\u00e1r, Marosv\u00e1s\u00e1rhely and Cs\u00edkszereda. The central offices of the university, the Rector's Office and the Sapientia Foundation, which maintains the university - are located in the house where Prince Bocskai Istv\u00e1n of Transylvania was born in Kolozsv\u00e1r."},{"sightId":2215,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor 40","mapdata":"1|961|1115","gps_lat":"46.3574277537","gps_long":"25.8040462417","religion":0,"oldtype":"74","newtype":"74","homepage":"http:\/\/www.petofiiskola.ro\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Hektor894, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pet%C5%91fi_S%C3%A1ndor_%C3%81ltal%C3%A1nos_Iskola_2014.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos Iskola 2014\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/02\/Pet%C5%91fi_S%C3%A1ndor_%C3%81ltal%C3%A1nos_Iskola_2014.JPG\/512px-Pet%C5%91fi_S%C3%A1ndor_%C3%81ltal%C3%A1nos_Iskola_2014.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pet%C5%91fi_S%C3%A1ndor_%C3%81ltal%C3%A1nos_Iskola_2014.JPG\u0022\u003EHektor894\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Former Civil Girl's School of Cs\u00edk County, Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor Primary School","seolink":"former-civil-girls-school-of-csik-county-petofi-sandor-primary-school","note":"","history":"The first school year opened on 3 November 1880. The first building of the institution was the barracks of the Sz\u00e9kely border guards (next to the Catholic Church), which was shut down after the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence. The present building was inaugurated on 31 August 1891 and the school has been operating in this building since the 1892 school year.@\nThe construction costs were paid from the income of the Cs\u00edk Private Properties.@\nIn the summer of 1927, the Civil School for Girls was closed down and continued to operate as Petru Rare\u015f Primary School. It was transformed into a mixed school for boys and girls, the language of instruction became Romanian. As a result of the Second Vienna Award, the school reverted to the name of Cs\u00edkszereda Civic Girls' School and the Hungarian language of instruction from the beginning of the 1940-41 school year.@\nIn 1949, the communists shut down the school, and the Teacher Training Institute, founded in 1858, moved in from Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3. The period 1949-1955 was the period of the Teacher Training Institute and its training school.@\nIn 1955, the Teacher Training Institute was closed down and the institution continued to operate under the name of Elementary School No. 1 in Cs\u00edkszereda. In 1966, Romanian classes were gradually established at the elementary level, and in 1985, the Romanian section of the high school was also established.@\nThe first consequence of the fall of communism in 1989 was the abolition of the mixed-language school, at the demand of Hungarian pupils, parents and teachers. The Hungarian-language Primary School No. 1 was re-established, and on 14 March 1990 it was renamed Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor Primary School. "},{"sightId":2216,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Cs\u00edktapolca, Strada Tapolca 110","mapdata":"","gps_lat":"46.3779202374","gps_long":"25.8019033747","religion":1,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"http:\/\/csiktaplocaiplebania.ro\/kapcsolat\/","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Szabi237, CC BY 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cs%C3%ADktaploca.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Cs\u00edktaploca\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0e\/Cs%C3%ADktaploca.JPG\/256px-Cs%C3%ADktaploca.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cs%C3%ADktaploca.JPG\u0022\u003ESzabi237\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Roman Catholic Parish Church in Cs\u00edktapolca","seolink":"roman-catholic-parish-church-in-csiktapolca","note":"","history":"The church was built between 1841 and 1844 in neo-Baroque style."},{"sightId":2217,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Zs\u00f6g\u00f6d \u00fat","mapdata":"3|1231|257","gps_lat":"46.3423629487","gps_long":"25.8115442425","religion":1,"oldtype":"1","newtype":"1","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Szentharomsag-plebaniatemplom-Csikzsogod-1925","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Szabi237, CC BY 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cs%C3%ADkzs%C3%B6g%C3%B6d_church.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Cs\u00edkzs\u00f6g\u00f6d church\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/66\/Cs%C3%ADkzs%C3%B6g%C3%B6d_church.JPG\/512px-Cs%C3%ADkzs%C3%B6g%C3%B6d_church.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Cs%C3%ADkzs%C3%B6g%C3%B6d_church.JPG\u0022\u003ESzabi237\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Holy Trinity Roman Catholic Parish Church in Cs\u00edkzs\u00f6g\u00f6d","seolink":"holy-trinity-roman-catholic-parish-church-in-csikzsogod","note":"","history":"The church was built in the 15th century in Gothic style in honour of the Holy Trinity. It was rebuilt in Baroque style in 1707 and its tower was added in 1800. Its statue of Mary dates from the same period as the one in Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3, around 1520."},{"sightId":2218,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Cs\u00edkzs\u00f6g\u00f6d, Zs\u00f6g\u00f6d \u00fat","mapdata":"3|1112|213","gps_lat":"46.3426589485","gps_long":"25.8104785886","religion":0,"oldtype":"51","newtype":"51","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"https:\/\/www.muemlekem.hu\/hatareset\/Miko-kastely-es-magtar-Csikzsogod-2509","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Mik\u00f3 Manor House","seolink":"miko-manor-house","note":"","history":"On the site of the present building stood the former mansion of the Mik\u00f3 family, first mentioned in 1677. The present mansion was built in the early 19th century in the neoclassical-empire style. It was inherited from the Mik\u00f3 family in 1916 by Baron Rudny\u00e1nszky S\u00e1ndor, who died without heirs. The mansion then became the property of the State Treasury, and in 1929 it was acquired by the furniture manufacturer Nagy Galaci J\u00f3zsef from Gyimes, who, without touching the building, significantly transformed its surroundings by building a factory."},{"sightId":2219,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3, Sz\u00e9k \u00fatja","mapdata":"2|457|1162","gps_lat":"46.3784098372","gps_long":"25.8245439257","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Szodorai Imre [Hun], CC BY 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Csiksomly%C3%B3,_Csiki_sz%C3%A9kelyek_csat%C3%A1inak_eml%C3%A9koszlopa_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022256\u0022 alt=\u0022Csiksomly\u00f3, Csiki sz\u00e9kelyek csat\u00e1inak eml\u00e9koszlopa - panoramio\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/04\/Csiksomly%C3%B3%2C_Csiki_sz%C3%A9kelyek_csat%C3%A1inak_eml%C3%A9koszlopa_-_panoramio.jpg\/256px-Csiksomly%C3%B3%2C_Csiki_sz%C3%A9kelyek_csat%C3%A1inak_eml%C3%A9koszlopa_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Csiksomly%C3%B3,_Csiki_sz%C3%A9kelyek_csat%C3%A1inak_eml%C3%A9koszlopa_-_panoramio.jpg\u0022\u003ESzodorai Imre [Hun]\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Memorial to the Battle of Tolvajos-tet\u0151","seolink":"memorial-to-the-battle-of-tolvajos-teto","note":"","history":"Next to the Chapel of St. John of Nepomuk is the memorial column of the Battle of Tolvajos-tet\u0151 of 17 May 1567. The memorial was commissioned by Baron Henter Antal, royal judge of Udvarhelysz\u00e9k, and brought to Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 around 1870 by the Franciscan father Simon Jukundi\u00e1n.@\nIn 1567, on the hill of Tolvajos-tet\u0151, the Sz\u00e9kelys led by Istv\u00e1n, the parish priest of Gyergy\u00f3alfalva, defeated the army of John Sigismund on Pentecost Saturday and defended their Catholic Church in the Cs\u00edk and Gyergy\u00f3 basins. It is in honour of this event that the annual Pentecostal feast of Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 is held."},{"sightId":2220,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"","mapdata":"1|565|728","gps_lat":"46.3619614402","gps_long":"25.7971498274","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/30248\/csikszeredai-vilaghaborus-hosok-emlekmuve#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Memorial to the Heroes of World War","seolink":"memorial-to-the-heroes-of-world-war","note":"","history":"The monument was erected on 11 November 2016."},{"sightId":2221,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor u.","mapdata":"1|1059|1069","gps_lat":"46.3580345112","gps_long":"25.8055171896","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/12150\/1956-os-emlekmu#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Memorial to the Hungarian Revolution in 1956","seolink":"memorial-to-the-hungarian-revolution-in-1956","note":"","history":"The monument to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution was erected in 2007. It is the work of Ercsei Ferenc. The sculptor from Cs\u00edkszereda sculpted a proudly standing female figure, inspired by M\u00e1rai S\u00e1ndor's poem 'The Angel from Heaven'."},{"sightId":2222,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron","mapdata":"1|1103|259","gps_lat":"46.3675687407","gps_long":"25.8064042465","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Hektor894, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marton_Aron_gimnazium.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Marton Aron gimnazium\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Marton_Aron_gimnazium.JPG\/512px-Marton_Aron_gimnazium.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Marton_Aron_gimnazium.JPG\u0022\u003EHektor894\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Busts of the supporters of the grammar school","seolink":"busts-of-the-supporters-of-the-grammar-school","note":"In front of the entrance of the M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron High School.","history":"Mik\u00f3 B\u00e1lint, isp\u00e1n of Cs\u00edk Count, was the chairman of the committee set up to build the grammar school, and he personally played a significant role in the establishment of this important educational institution in the county. In 1876 he was elected member of the Hungarian Parliament representing Cs\u00edkszereda. Between 1882 and 1905 he was the isp\u00e1n of Cs\u00edk County, and from 1883 he was the warden of the Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 grammar school for 36 years.@\nCount Majl\u00e1th Gust\u00e1v K\u00e1roly, Bishop of Transylvania, was a strong supporter of the construction of the grammar school. He proposed that the new building of the Grammar School of Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3 should be built in the town (Cs\u00edkszereda). He supported the schools in Transylvania and distributed educational grants from his private fortune and clerical income. On 5 June 1911 he personally consecrated the institution.@\n\u00dajfalusi Jen\u0151 (1878-1967) represented the town on the committee that built the grammar school. He was the mayor of Cs\u00edkszereda between 1902 and 1919, and is associated with numerous developments. He resigned after the Romanian occupation and left for Hungary.@\nThe Transylvanian bishop M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron, persecuted by the communists, is the school's eponym. M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron, the future Bishop of Transylvania, was an outstanding student of the Roman Catholic Grammar School in Cs\u00edkszereda between 1911 and 1914.\n&\nkozterkep.hu: Mik\u00f3 B\u00e1lint mellszobra|https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/22834\/miko-balint-mellszobra#\nkozterkep.hu: Majl\u00e1th Guszt\u00e1v K\u00e1roly mellszobra|https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/30216\/majlath-gusztav-karoly-mellszobra#\nkozterkep.hu: \u00dajfalusi Jen\u0151 mellszobra|https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/30217\/ujfalusi-jeno-mellszobra#\nkozterkep.hu: M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron mellszobor|https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/28627\/marton-aron-mellszobor"},{"sightId":2223,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Temesv\u00e1ri \u00fat","mapdata":"1|827|591","gps_lat":"46.3637267044","gps_long":"25.8014968870","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/16181\/gal-sandor-tabornok-mellszobra","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Szabi237, CC BY 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pet%C5%91fi_S%C3%A1ndor%27s_statue.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor's statue\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c1\/Pet%C5%91fi_S%C3%A1ndor%27s_statue.JPG\/512px-Pet%C5%91fi_S%C3%A1ndor%27s_statue.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pet%C5%91fi_S%C3%A1ndor%27s_statue.JPG\u0022\u003ESzabi237\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Bust of General G\u00e1l S\u00e1ndor","seolink":"bust-of-general-gal-sandor","note":"","history":"G\u00e1l S\u00e1ndor was born in Cs\u00edkszentgy\u00f6rgy in 1817. In 1848 he participated in the organisation of the National Guard. Together with Klapka Gy\u00f6rgy and Hajnik K\u00e1roly, Prime Minister Batthy\u00e1ny Lajos sent him to Transylvania to mobilise the Sz\u00e9kely army in support of the Hungarian government. He became Chief of Staff of the Sz\u00e9kely army. After the Transylvanian commander-in-chief Puchner Antal had disobeyed the Hungarian government and pushed the Hungarian troops out of Transylvania, the Sz\u00e9kely army was forced back to H\u00e1romsz\u00e9k. G\u00e1l S\u00e1ndor was the organizer and commander of the Sz\u00e9kely troops in the fighting in H\u00e1romsz\u00e9k. After the liberation of Sz\u00e9kelyland, in January 1849, General Bem J\u00f3zsef promoted him to the rank of colonel and entrusted him with the further organisation of the Sz\u00e9kely forces. On 4 February he was attacked by the Tsarist detachment and was defeated in the battle of Sz\u00e1szherm\u00e1ny.@\nBy March, he had raised a regular corps of 10,000 men and took part in the summer campaign as commander of this unit, known as the Sz\u00e9kelyland Division. On 19 and 20 June he took part in heavy fighting at the T\u00f6m\u00f6si Pass. On 2 July, G\u00e1l's Sz\u00e9kely division attacked the Tsarist troops left behind to secure Sz\u00e9kelyland between K\u00f6k\u00f6s and Uzon. It was in this battle that the artillery commander of the Sz\u00e9kely division, G\u00e1bor \u00c1ron, was killed. When the enemy entered Sz\u00e9kelyland, he retreated with his troops to Cs\u00edkszereda. In mid-July, together with General Bem, who had arrived there, he launched a counterattack and on 23 July he fought a successful battle with the 15,000-strong Imperial corps near Sepsisentgy\u00f6rgy. On 29 July he was promoted to general, but only later, in emigration, did he learn of this. He was decisively defeated by the Austro-Russian forces at the Battle of Nyergestet\u0151 on 1 August. With this defeat, the whole of Sz\u00e9kelyland fell into the hands of the enemy. With the rest of his army he joined Colonel Kazinczy's troops in Kolozsv\u00e1r, but after Kazinczy surrendered at Zsib\u00f3 on 24 August he hid for a while in the marshes around Szatm\u00e1r, and then managed to escape abroad in the spring of 1850.@\nHe was active in Hamburg and London, maintaining close contact with the revolutionaries forced into exile, then Kossuth Lajos sent him to Constantinople and entrusted him with the military leadership of the Transylvanian liberation movement. In November 1851 he appointed him commander-in-chief of the so-called Transylvanian liberation army. He took part in the preparation of the independence movement led by Makk J\u00f3zsef, Jub\u00e1l K\u00e1roly and May J\u00e1nos. "},{"sightId":2224,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor \u00fat","mapdata":"1|984|1110","gps_lat":"46.3574516414","gps_long":"25.8042298215","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/12525\/petofi-sandor#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Bust of Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor","seolink":"bust-of-petofi-sandor","note":"","history":"A bust of the Hungarian revolutionary poet was erected on 14 March 2000. Pet\u0151fi S\u00e1ndor visited the town on 24 July 1849, a week before his death, and was very fond of the countryside. It stands in the courtyard in front of the school named after him."},{"sightId":2225,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"","mapdata":"1|981|527","gps_lat":"46.3644820844","gps_long":"25.8043118666","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/3802\/nagy-imre-szobor#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Szabi237, CC BY 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nagy_Imre_statue.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Nagy Imre statue\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f5\/Nagy_Imre_statue.JPG\/512px-Nagy_Imre_statue.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nagy_Imre_statue.JPG\u0022\u003ESzabi237\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Bust of Nagy Imre painter","seolink":"bust-of-nagy-imre-painter","note":"","history":"In 1997, a bust of the artist (1893-1976) made by his friend Vetr\u00f3 Art\u00far was erected. It stands in front of the primary school named after him."},{"sightId":2226,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Tapolcai \u00fat","mapdata":"1|1110|3","gps_lat":"46.3707858108","gps_long":"25.8064952132","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/30279\/apaczai-csere-janos-mellszobra","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Bust of Ap\u00e1czai Csere J\u00e1nos","seolink":"bust-of-apaczai-csere-janos","note":"","history":"The House of Teachers in Cs\u00edkszereda is named after the Transylvanian pedagogical writer (1625-1659), the pioneer of Hungarian culture and education, Ap\u00e1czai Csere J\u00e1nos."},{"sightId":2227,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Szabads\u00e1g t\u00e9r","mapdata":"1|879|780","gps_lat":"46.3614538469","gps_long":"25.8025086182","religion":1,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/28539\/marton-aron-szoborcsoport#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"","picture_ref":"","name":"Statue of Bishop M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron","seolink":"statue-of-bishop-marton-aron","note":"","history":"On Pentecost Sunday 2016, the statue of Bishop M\u00e1rton \u00c1ron (1896-1980) was unveiled. It depicts the bishop with a girl in Sz\u00e9kely dress and her mother behind her during the rite of confirmation. It is the work of S\u00e1rp\u00e1tki Zolt\u00e1n. The monument also refers back to the dark communist times, when the bishop was not allowed to go on confirmation tours, and when he was allowed to go, it was a celebration of triumph for the Catholic Hungarians of Transylvania."},{"sightId":2228,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"","mapdata":"1|787|1050","gps_lat":"46.3582671783","gps_long":"25.8009162048","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"https:\/\/www.kozterkep.hu\/3803\/jegkorongozok#","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Sludge G, CC BY-SA 2.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Miercurea_Ciuc,_Romania._Ice_Hockey_players_monument._June_1994_(3975244230).jpg\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Miercurea Ciuc, Romania. Ice Hockey players monument. June 1994 (3975244230)\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/38\/Miercurea_Ciuc%2C_Romania._Ice_Hockey_players_monument._June_1994_%283975244230%29.jpg\/512px-Miercurea_Ciuc%2C_Romania._Ice_Hockey_players_monument._June_1994_%283975244230%29.jpg\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Miercurea_Ciuc,_Romania._Ice_Hockey_players_monument._June_1994_(3975244230).jpg\u0022\u003ESludge G\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\u0022\u003ECC BY-SA 2.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Hockey Players","seolink":"hockey-players","note":"","history":"The statue of T\u0151r\u00f6s G\u00e1bor, erected in 1978, is a reminder of the founders of European ice hockey - two Transylvanian Hungarian sportsmen (Cz\u00e1ka Istv\u00e1n and V\u00e1k\u00e1r Lajos). It was Europe's first statue of a hockey player in 1975, preceded by statues in Russia, Sweden and Czechoslovakia. In 1923, V\u00e1k\u00e1r Lajos (1910-1993) learned of the Canadian hockey from a movie clip. In January 1929, the first ice hockey club of the town of Cs\u00edkszereda was founded on the initiative of V\u00e1k\u00e1r Lajos and his friends. Between 1929 and 1954 he was a player of the ice hockey team of Cs\u00edkszereda."},{"sightId":2510,"townId":82,"active":1,"name_LO":"","address":"Strada Kissomly\u00f3","mapdata":"2|780|1018","gps_lat":"46.3792701544","gps_long":"25.8273344318","religion":0,"oldtype":"38","newtype":"38","homepage":"","openinghours":"","muemlekemlink":"","csemadoklink":"","picture":"\u003Ca title=\u0022Szabi237, CC BY 3.0 <https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons\u0022 href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Domokos_P%C3%A1l_P%C3%A9ter.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003Cimg width=\u0022512\u0022 alt=\u0022Domokos P\u00e1l P\u00e9ter\u0022 src=\u0022https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/94\/Domokos_P%C3%A1l_P%C3%A9ter.JPG\/512px-Domokos_P%C3%A1l_P%C3%A9ter.JPG\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E","picture_ref":"\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Domokos_P%C3%A1l_P%C3%A9ter.JPG\u0022\u003ESzabi237\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\u0022\u003ECC BY 3.0\u003C\/a\u003E, via Wikimedia Commons","name":"Statue of Domonkos P\u00e1l P\u00e9ter","seolink":"statue-of-domonkos-pal-peter","note":"","history":"Domokos P\u00e1l P\u00e9ter (V\u00e1rdotfalva, 28 June 1901 - Budapest, 19 February 1992) Hungarian teacher, historian, ethnographer, researcher of the history and culture of the Cs\u00e1ng\u00f3 people, winner of the Sz\u00e9chenyi Prize. He was the first to organise the Day of a Thousand Sz\u00e9kely Girls in Cs\u00edksomly\u00f3, an event that is still alive today.\n&\nwikipedia: Domokos P\u00e1l P\u00e9ter|https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Domokos_P%C3%A1l_P%C3%A9ter"}]},"language":"en","region":"romania","regionid":4,"offer":[],"gallery":false,"album":false}
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